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Many of the former associates ____ him when it became known how he had abused his position of trust.

An enquiring mind can catch ____ to a new idea quickly.

He made a ____ gesture, which offended the young lady greatly.

Despite his ____ planning, the exposition turned out to be a failure.

His remarks finally ____ me that I had made the right decision.

They have ____ most carefully the time and the materials needed to complete the project.

Dr. Johnson was granted an honored title in ____ of his valuable work for the college.

People are criticizing the economic policies that have ____ the decline of manufacturing industry.

The fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally ____improvements in diet.

She decided to ____ in the history course at the local evening school.

It would be ____ to get a second opinion before taking any further action.

I’ve not even read the first chapter ____ finished the whole novel.

Only one more week and the contract will ____.

人们不会再建造大学校，而是会缩减现今存在的学校的规模以满足不断变化的学生需求，这些学生愿意把很多时间花在不到校学习上。随着每天到校的学生越来越少，需要的设备也就越来越少，那么，在设备上的投资也就越来越少，设备的价值很快也就丧失了。教育机构的电脑会被连接到能提供几乎是没有限制的计算能力和不断更新的软件的网络上。在科技和基础设施上节省下来的资金会被用到为所有学生提供更好的教学设施，通过掌上电脑给所有学生提供可以进入到计算机网络中心的接入口。学生将用这些掌上电脑完成所有的学习任务，上传和下载信息，打印报告，进入网络，还有就是存储他们研究的结果。不公正并不会在2010年就消失。然而，无论是因为经济等级，还是精神或体格的需要，富人和穷人之间的不平等会直接通过政策，管理和经济上的优先权加以削弱。这些优先权会促使将用于建筑和管理的费用转向以学生为驱动的费用，即为所有的学生准备可以进入到先进学习环境的必备的学习工具。所有的学生都将有机会让他们自己为充满竞争的新经济社会做好准备。教育机会不再会因为个人出身低或是没有资源而被损失掉。社区会在教育中扮演更为重要的角色。当地的企业会在学生的专业实习准备中发挥重要的作用。这些企业如果在此活动中表现突出的话，可以接受税务减免。

Now zoom forward to our present time and think of our pre-Internet communication systems as sorts of protozoa (原生动物). What we’re witnessing today in the realm of cyberspace—the online reformulation of everything from the way we play and learn to how we shop and trade stocks may represent no less a world transforming change than the spectacular burst of creation so long ago.One notable difference: the primeval organisms did not have a guide book to inform them about what to expect and how to deal with some of the fabulous things to come. We do, in the recently released New Rules for the New Economy by Kevin Kelly, a founding editor of Wired magazine.“The key premise of this book is that the principles governing the world of the soft—the world of intangibles, of media, of software, and of services—will soon command the world of the hard—the world of reality, of atoms, of objects, of steel and oil, and the hard work done by the sweat of brows.” Kelly writes. “Driving this economic transformation is the combination of shrinking computers and expanding communications,” he says, “We have seen only the beginnings of the anxiety, loss, excitement, and gains that many people will experience as our world shifts to a new highly technical planetary economy.” Does that sound like techno hype?It’s barely a taste of the radical and often counterintuitive “rules” that Kelly dishes out. He employs an aphoristic (格言的) and, well, wired style that will easily appeal to geeks and should also turn on any mainstream readers who are a little more than curious about where the digitally rendered world is headed.Where it’s likely headed, in Kelly’s words, is “upside down”. Chew, for example, on the idea that “the surest way to smartness is through massive dumbness”. What that means in essence is that tiny computer chips, though relatively “dumb” on their own, can be added to billions of mundane objects and, thereby, yield substantial economic benefits. Such as real time buying patterns on everything from shirts to soda cans. In the conventional world of supply and demand where we all grew up, value came from scarcity. As in, diamonds, gold and oil. In a world of digital imperatives, as Kelly correctly points out, “power comes from abundance.” That was a principle that Apple tragically failed to understand when it backed off from licensing its graphic computer interface, assuring that its market share would be savaged by Microsoft’s more open Windows operating system, which leads us to another of Kelly’s hardwired laws: follow the free. In the universe of atoms, as a resource is consumed it becomes more expensive to produce. As gold is mined, nuggets (天然金块) at first may be easy, and therefore cheap, to find. But when particles of ore must be squeezed out of tons of rock, the price of gold becomes more dear.But in what Kelly terms “the new order”, the law of plentitude kicks in, leading a savvy company such as Netscape to distribute its Web browser for free in order to sell auxiliary services or products. Similarly, expensive cell phones are offered as freebies (免费的东西) to gain contracts for phone services.Finally, Kelly tells us to look around and see how much the world has already changed under our very feet. An American farmer today, for instance, may still get some dirt under his fingernails, but much of his labor is performed under the umbrella of the electronic network. The cab in his tractor has a wireless phone and a satellite linked GPS location device; his home computer is connected to a never ending stream of weather data, grain market reports and moisture detectors in the soil. New Rules for the New Economy suggests that we might even learn something from those plucky life forms that exploded on the scene a half billion years ago. “The qualities needed to succeed in the network economy can be reduced to this: a facility for charging into the unknown.”

The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. By the middle of the 21st century, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOS and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite contrary.”The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called a “technological renaissance” say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends—not to mention strangers. And what’s more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno gurus promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24-hour Internet news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and-time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commodified activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each other’s electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver. Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. If this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than time—our sense of what it means to be a caring human being.1. The author suggests that the most valuable resource in today’s society is .2. We learn from this passage that many executives feel that .3. The phrase “the colonization of time” (Para. 5) refers to .4. In the seventh paragraph the author suggests that .5. The best title for the passage could be .

It’s hardly news that the immigration system is a mess. Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers, and visitors who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished. But since Sept. 11, it’s become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the weaknesses of our system into their plans. In addition to their mastery of forging passports, at least three of the 19 Sept. 11 hijackers were here on expired visas. That’s been a safe bet until now. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) lacks the resources, and apparently the inclination, to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome.But this laxness toward immigration fraud may be about to change. Congress has already taken some modest steps. The U.S.A. Patriot Act, passed in the wake of the Sept. 11 tragedy, requires the FBI, the Justice Department, the State Department and the INS to share more data, which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border.But what’s really needed, critics say, is even tougher laws and more resources aimed at tightening up border security. Reformers are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement. They also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents and investigators to keep illegal immigrants out and to track them down once they’re here. Reformers also want to see the INS set up a database to monitor whether visa holders actually leave the country when they are required to.All these proposed changes were part of a new border-security bill that passed the House of Representatives but died in the Senate last week. Before Sept. 11, legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies: universities, which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law, and business, which relies on foreigners for cheap labor. Since the attacks, they’ve backed off. The bill would have passed this time but for congressional maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next year.Also on the agenda for next year: a proposal, backed by some influential law-makers, to split the INS into two agencies—a good cop that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections, deportation and other functions. One reason for the division, supporters say, is that the INS has in recent years become too focused on serving tourists and immigrants. After the Sept.11 tragedy, the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans who rely on the nation’s border security to protect them from terrorist attacks.1. Terrorists have obviously taken advantage of .2. We learn from the passage that coordinated efforts will be made by various U.S. government agencies to .3. It can be inferred from the passage that before Sept. 11, aliens with expired visas .4. It is believed by many that all these years the INS .5. Before Sept. 11, the U.S. Congress had been unable to pass stricter immigration laws because .

Throughout the nation’s more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, “no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.” The reason, he said, “is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed.”The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va, is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district’s curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers’ activities. This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that “is a mile wide and an inch deep,” Schmidt notes.For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider. U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems “share our pattern of splintered visions” but which are not economic leaders.The new report “couldn’t come at a better time,” says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington. “The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision,” including the call “to do less, but in greater depth.”Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards “face an almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice in the babble.”1. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America is .2. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that .3. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is “a mile wide and an inch deep” (Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice .4. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they will .5. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will prove difficult because .

“I’ve never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from his lab at Texas A&M University. “It’s a stupid endeavor.” That’s an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two cows and expect to clone a cat soon.They just might succeed in cloning Missy soon—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproductive system of man’s best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.Westhusin’s experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dog’s eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy’s DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you’re dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin’s phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. “A lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right,” says Westhusin. Cost is no obstacle for Missy’s mysterious billionaire owner; he’s put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M’s research.Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants a twin to carry on Missy’s fine qualities after she does die. The prototype is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and super-smart. Missy’s master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy’s owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy.”Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs nurture. It could also lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals.However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. He knows that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we’re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?”1. By “stupid endeavor” (Para. 1), Westhusin means to say that .2. What does the first paragraph tell us about Westhusin’s dog cloning project?3. By cloning Missy, Mark Westhusin hopes to .4. We learn from the passage that animal clones are likely to have .5. It can be seen that present cloning techniques .

Directions: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks of the following passage. Change the form if necessary. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET.but demonstrate capable with happen average environmentally difference isolate measureThere are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born （1）. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others.（2） no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what （3） to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped（4）, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is （5）.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be （6） by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an （7） community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental （8）continued until the twins were in their late teens. When they were given tests to（9） their intelligence, John’s IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the（10） and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.

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