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The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously （）relations between the two countries.

We cannot always （） the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water.

Britain’s press is unusual （）it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.

I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave （）something occurred which attracted my attention.

This year will difficult for this organization because （）.

（）that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.

They gathered （） information before designing the measuring equipment.

A beam of light will not bend round comers unless （） to do so with the help of a reflecting device.

Write a passage with no less than 400 words according to the topic given below. Topic: The world’s wealth continues to be unevenly distributed. For many years now, poor nations have complained that wealthy countries provide only enough aid to keep them poor and never enough to become self-sufficient; wealthy nations complain that the amount is sufficient but the management of the aid is poor. Discuss the reasons for both of the conflicting opinions.

吴歌是中国吴语地区民歌民谣的总称。吴语地区包括江苏南部、浙江北部和上海市，大致是指长江下游的三角洲地区。这里是同一种方言的文化圈，同属传统吴文化范畴。“吴”的概念随着历代区域划分而有所变化，如早期的“吴”指的是吴国领域，后来在曾包括现在的南京和扬州等地，现在所说的“吴”是地域和方言区划的概念。苏州恰在它的中心地位，它是一座以“天堂”美名享誉古今中外的历史文化名称，历史上采集吴歌，也以它为中心，在中国文学史上占有一定地位。

我所提出的语言时空观确认：语言学并不仅仅在于认识语音、语法、词汇、语义、语境等等一系列单一的现象或组合现象，而且更为重要的还在于认识包含时间要素和空间要素在内的语言整体存在构件，研究它的组织以及因为这些组织而形成的语言生存状态。实际上，时间和空间在语言的整体构建中是符合自然的、永恒而无以更替的实在。我并不否认语言学界对时间和空间所予以的关注，但是，正如我上文中指出的那样，时间和空间在语言存在重的含义还远远没有得到清晰的认识或明确的界定，他们在语言存在重的位置和价值还没有得到合理的指认。

No young man believes he shall ever die. There is a feeling of Eternity in youth, which makes us amends for everything. To be young is to be one of the Immortal Gods. One half of time indeed is flown- the other half remains in store for us with all its countless treasures; for there is on line drawn, and we see no limit to our hopes and wishes. We make the coming age our own. “The vast, the unbounded prospect lies before us.” We look round in a new world, full of life, and motion, and ceaseless progress; and feel in ourselves all the vigor and spirit to keep pace with it, and do not foresee from any present symptoms how we shall be left behind in the natural course of things, decline into old age, and drop into the grave.

Humor has been well defined as “thinking in fun while feeling in earnest”. The English do not approach life intellectually; they do not demand that it shall conform to some rigid mental plan; they are not convinced that the universe can be penetrated by thought; they are willing to go to work, either in politics or art, without a theory to sustain them; and when they are more practical than other races, it is not - as those races frequently conclude — because they are coldly clear-sighted and unimaginative, but because they do not busy themselves asking reason to find a key when instinct has already shown them that the door is wide open.

However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the year as well as new ways of reporting pupils’ progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers’ conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of children’s misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents’ minds for the best utilization of the many hours that are child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters’ capacities.1.The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that （）.2.The author directly discusses the fact that （）.3.A method of parent-teacher communication Not mentioned or referred to by the author is （）.4.It is most reasonable to infer that the author is a(n) （）.5.The author would most approve of which of the following parental activities to assist in the learning of composition and writing skills?

There is a confused notion in the minds of many persons, that are gathering of the property of the poor into the hands of the rich does no ultimate harm, since in whosever hands it may be, it must be spent at last, and thus, they think, return to the poor again. This fallacy has been again and again exposed; but granting the plea true, the same apology may, of course, be made for blackmail, or any other form of robbery. It might for the nation that the robber should have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robbed should have spent it. But this is no excuse for the theft. If I were to put a turnpike on the road where it passes my own gate, and endeavor to exact a shilling from every passenger the public would soon do away with my gate, without listening to any pleas on my part that it was as advantageous to them, in the end, that I should spend their shillings, as that they themselves should. But if, instead of outfacing them with a turnpike, I can only persuade them to come in and buy stones, or old iron, or any other useless thing, out of my ground, I may rob them to the same extent and, moreover, be thanked as a public benefactor and promoter of commercial prosperity. And this main question for the poor of England - for the poor of all countries - is wholly omitted in every treatise on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers themselves, the operation of capital is regarded only in its effect on their immediate interests, never in the far more terrific power of its appointment of the kind and the object of labor. It matters little, ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything; but is matters fearfully what the thing is which he is compelled to make. If his labor is so ordered as to produce food, fresh air, and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low, the food and the fresh air and water will be at last there, and he will at last get them. But if he is paid to destroy food and fresh air, or to produce iron bars instead of them, the food and air will finally not be there, and he will not get them, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in political as in household economy, the great question is, not so much what money you have in your pocket, as what you will buy with it and do with it.1.We may infer that the author probably lived in the （）.2.It can be inferred that the author probably favors （）.3.It can be inferred that in regard to the accumulation of wealth the author （）.4.According to the views expressed in the passage, people should be happiest doing which of the following?5.The author of the above passage would probably react to an energy shortage by （）.

It has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there was no truly adequate formulation of the relationship of time to other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is an apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly the speed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump - which seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances - then the other side may be achievable.The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative, although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured. There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have lead some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the tans-light properties we have just discussed.The difficulties of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear - either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding - to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass - that is to say, by the interaction of different forms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einstein’s theories, since the “faster” a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seem, consonant with this concept.1.The passage supports the inference that （）.2.The central idea of the passage can be best described as being which of the following?3.According to the author, it is too soon to （）.4.It can be inferred that the author sees Zuckerkandl as believing that mathematics is a (n) （）.5.In the first sentence, the author refers to “philosopher” as well as to “scientist” because （）.

This week in Japan, some 10, 000（1） from across the globe will meet to examine what, for many of the world’s poorest people, are issues of life and death. At sessions in Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, the 3rd World Water Forum will （2）a crisis that currently forces more than one billion people to （3） sources contaminated with human waste, and leaves countless millions more with insufficient supplies to （4） their crops, or to spur industrial development. The meeting is the culmination of the International Year of Freshwater 2003, declared by the United Nations to （5） awareness of the worsening state of the world’s water resources.（6）that goal, the forum could hardly have been held at a less opportune moment. Events in Iraq may limit media（7） of the 3rd World Water Forum to mere footnote status. “Our discussions will have far more effect on humankind in the twenty-first century than the current crisis in the Middle East,” claims William Cosgrove, vice-president of the World Water Council, a think-tank dedicated to （8） water resources. But the forum’s organizers must know that there is little hope of gaining firm（9） from nations that are （10） war.

Cambridge is （）the best university in Europe and among the world’s top ten.

I am very concerned that our （） as a great university could be （） if our resources fall behind those of the leading American universities.

The dominant model of American legal education remains one in which students are taught how to argue aggressively, with no quarter given or taken, and how to fight an opposing viewpoint with （）technical skill.

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