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Central cities always have been hospitable to entrepreneurs, because they provide easy （） to buyers and producers.

Nobody knows（） how many people are to be blame for the coal-mine accident, so the government is trying to find out the whole truth about the accident.

This is a very big hotel and it can（） more than 1,000 people.

I got a little（） when I learned that the appointment with the general manger was changed to another time.

Several loudspeakers are（） from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly.

Without a proper education, people could（） all kinds of crimes.

What he said in the meeting （） everybody present.

Free medical service is（） to nearly all the college students in China.

In the Americans’ minds, there are boundaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross. When the boundaries are crossed, Americans will（） stiffen and their manner will become cool.

The engineers in this lab spent several weeks（）their plans for the new bicycle.

Much of the news provided by this newspaper is ( ) not foreign.

He always has a lot of（） ideas in his mind, and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinking about.

When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a -half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a buildup of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12 hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting—also known in America as “voluntary simplicity”—has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives. There are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap. There are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-1990s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late-1980s — and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down-shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 1980s downshifting in the mid-1990s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing you own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of you limitations.1. The writer quit her full-time job because（）.2. “A lateral move” in paragraph 1 means（）.3. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting（）.4. “Juggling one’s life” probably mean（）.5. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S.as a result of（）.

I have long believed that trouble between the races is seldom what it appears to be. It was not hard to see after my first talks with students that racial tension on campus is a problem that misrepresents itself. It has the same look, the typical pattern, of America’s timeless racial conflict—white racism and black protest. And I think part of our concern over it comes from the fact that it has the feel of a relapse, illness gone and come again. But if we are seeing the same symptoms, I don’t believe we are dealing with the same illness. For one thing, I think racial tension on campus is the result more of racial equality than inequality.How to live with racial difference has been America’s profound social problem. For the first 100 years or so following emancipation it was controlled by a legally approved inequality that acted as a buffer between the races. No longer is this the case. On campuses today, as throughout society, blacks enjoy equality under the law—a profound social advancement. No student may be kept out of a class or a dormitory or an extracurricular activity because of his or her race. But there is a paradox here. On a campus where members of all races are gathered, mixed together in the classroom as well as socially, differences are more exposed than ever. And this is where the trouble starts. For members of each race—young adults coming into their own, often away from home for the first time —bring to this site of freedom, exploration, and now, today, equality, very deep fears and anxieties, not fully developed feelings of racial shame, anger, and guilt. These feelings could lie hidden in the home, in familiar neighborhoods, in simpler days of childhood. But the college campus, with its structures of interaction and adult-level competition—the big exam, the dorm, the “mixer”—is another matter. I think campus racism is born of the rub between racial difference and a setting, the campus itself, devoted to interaction and equality. On our campuses, such concentrated micro-societies, all that remains unresolved between blacks and whites, all the old wounds and shames that have never been addressed, present themselves for attention-and present our youth with pressures they cannot always handle.1. According to the author, （）.2. Nowadays racial tension on campus most probably starts with（）.3. The phrase “coming into their own’’ on Line 8 of Paragraph 2 probably means（）.4. When young adults enter college for the first time, （） .5. The passage is mainly about（）.

In 1798 the political economist Malthus predicted that in time mankind would face starvation, having outgrown the available food supplies. Today, a century and a half later, there are still experts who forecast the same global disaster unless urgent measures are taken to prevent it.By the end of the present century there may well be over five thousand million people living on this globe, an increase of over fifty percent of today's figure. In order to keep pace with this increase in mankind the farmers of the world would have to step up their production of food by at least two per cent every year. Such a rate of increase has never been maintained in any country by conventional methods of agriculture, despite modern mechanization and the widespread use of fertilizers. There are no large worthwhile reserves of potential farmland remaining, and good fertile land is continually being diverted to industrial use. Moreover, erosion of the soil takes a constant toll.Intensive research, carried out over many years in all manner of climatic conditions, has produced a revolutionary method of growing crops without using any soil at all. Hydroponics, as this technique is called, may well be the answer to all our food worries. Already it has accomplished wonders in producing huge crops. Hydroponics was once a complicated and expensive business; now it is well out of the experimental stage. Labor costs are far lower than when normal methods of agriculture are employed. In fact, it is a completely automatic system. There is no hard manual work, no digging or plowing, and no weeding to speak of .Yields can be far higher than they are in soil.1. Which of the following best sums up the whole passage?2. The phrase “having overgrown the available food supplies” in the first paragraph implies that（）.3.According to the author, 2 percent annual increase in the production of food can not be achieved. Which of the following is not the explanation he gave for the problem?4. Which of the following statements is not true of hydroponics?5. Judging from the passage, the most important advantage of hydroponics should be（）.

A close analogy to study design is the rough sketch made by an artist before be commits his vision to canvas. The broad outlines are drawn, the proper perspective achieved, and the total impact of the picture-to-be can be partially appreciated in advance. So it is with the design of research; it specifies in advance the kinds of statements that can be made on the basis of its findings and fix the perspectives against which these findings are to be evaluated.One major purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether or not the newer social research techniques could help in broadening and deepening knowledge concerning juvenile delinquency. Construction of the design was guided by this goal of exploring new methods in the analysis of juvenile delinquency. However, research technique developed in one content cannot be mechanically transferred to another. A new application of a research technique requires substantial changes and it is these innovative modifications that this study offers as its contribution.Juvenile delinquency has been the subject of many previous studies using a variety of research techniques. This study makes an additional contribution by using a design specially planned to permit a comparison of several approaches. The drawing up of the study design profited greatly from an extensive survey of previous researches on crime, undertaken during the earliest stage of the project. It was found that most studies could be classified as belonging study and personal motivation study.Each type has its characteristic design and mode of interpretation and each has produced information of considerable importance. Yet no attempt was made in any of the studies to integrate one or more of these three design types. It became apparent that on of the major contributions a pilot study could make to both method and substantive findings would be to bring all three study types together in one design for the purpose of correlating their findings and evaluating their relative importance in producing data of use to the practitioner.1. The phrase "the project" （Paragraph 3） refers to（）.2. In Paragraph One the author draws an analogy between（）.3. The major contribution of this study is to（）.4. The subject under discussion in the passage is about（）.5. Three design types of previous researches are（）.

Read the following article and then write an essay in no less than 250 words commenting on the issue discussed in the article.1. You should give an appropriate title to your essay.2. You must have a clearly stated opinion on the issue discussed3. You must supply examples in support of your opinion.4. You must interact with the opinions in the give article.Now read article below and write your essay on the answer sheet.Enough of Tiger Moms and Wolf DadsBy Berlin Fang （China Daily）Thomas Friedman wrote in his column, “How about better parents?” （The New York Times. Now 19）, that parent involvement is key to student success.Fed up with the status quo of American education, and desperate for an alternative model, some readers peppered the word “Asian” throughout the comments section for Friedman's article. One reader wrote: “the question among the coaches was the usual, why were so many of our top students are Asian. I asked when was the last time they had an Asian parent complain about too much homework.”This statement, however, proves nothing except the theory of relativity in human opinions. Asian parents in the United States rarely complain about children’s homework because it is a picnic compared to what go through in our younger days in our home country. But in Asian countries, like any other, complaints abound.In China, I constantly hear parents complain that their children cannot go to bed till 11 pm because they have too many assignments.Active involvement of Chinese parents is at best a myth, and the myth is running wild in the media. After discussions on the “Tiger Mom” （Yale Professor Amy Chua. author of Battle Hymns of the Tiger Mom）, the Chinese media recently brought to light a certain “wolf dad”， Hong Kong-based businessman Xiao Baiyou. who used chicken feather dusters to spank three of his children into Peking University, one of China’s top institutions of higher learning.First tigers and now wolves, I suppose we'll get the entire animal kingdom covered pretty soon. Such reports of Spartan parenting instill fear among Western parents and complacency among their Chinese counterparts, none of which is healthy or justifiable.Generally speaking, Chinese parents lag far behind their American peers in participating in the education of their children. In the Chinese countryside, many parents leave home to earn a living as migrant workers. Their children thus live with grandparents, who often have little or no education. Pre-school is either unavailable or expensive. Many such children often called “left-behind children”，grow up without either proper parenting or school education.Though children in middle class families live with parents, real involvement is far from desirable. Many Chinese families in towns and cities are dual-income families, some by necessity, others by choice. Some American moms quit their jobs after childbirth to take care of their children. Chinese moms often quit their children to take care of their jobs. While parents are busy with their jobs or careers, many children are brought up to a large extent by grandparents, or “outsourced” to private tutors or even nannies.In either situation, a predominantly materialistic worldview drives parents to spend their time and energy making money to “guarantee” their children’s future. Most spend money generously on children’s education, buying them good things and sending them to private classes. Money can buy some relief from the guilt of staying on the margins of their children’s development, but children do not get what they really need from parents: their time, for instance.Friedman quotes a report by the Program for International Student Assessment （PISA.that parent-child reading time correlates to student achievement in PISA tests. When was the last time you saw a Chinese parent returning with bags of entertainment reading from libraries or bookstores as American parents do? How often docs a Chinese parent actually read a book together with his/her child?Many parents even forbid their children from reading books such as novels, fairy tales or poems for fear that such reading will distract students from preparing for exams.The wrong focus on exams frees parents from participating in their children’s education. Apart from not reading, parents don't work with children on school projects, because much of homework is exam-related which children are supposed to work on individually.Parent’s role is thus reduced to that of an alarm clock - to prompt children to do this or that at certain hours of the day. No wonder, nannies can do substitute parenting. Fortunately, even an alarm clock has its virtues. Chinese parents do a fairly good job of ensuring their children spend adequate time studying. Such increased time on educational tasks partially explains why they excel in international benchmarking tests.That being said, involvement can be deeper and richer in a child's path of growth. Chinese parents should spend more time with their children, rather than keeping tome for them like a clock. Parents should work with children as a developing person, not just a test-taker. Parents ought to meet the kinetic, artistic, mental, social, psychological and spiritual needs of their children.Remember that children are human beings in stages of development. So why not forget about tiger moms and wolf dads, and focus on being human parents instead?

大多数中国人十分看重自己的工作，觉得工作会使自己成为团体的一部分。他们相信，工作可以让他们产生归属感。换言之，要得到社会的承认，就必须工作。许多中国经理和员工努力工作，力求保住在公司的职位，原因就是这个。

1.When you establish a succinct, easy-to-remember theme, you let people know that you have a well-defined and thought-out point of view.2.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment come from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it.3.The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of things I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attack the objectionable item first.4.But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond today’s imagining.

Many of the scientists and engineers are judged（）how great their achievements are.

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