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The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis;college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out — often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves — they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and does not explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We’ve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cannot absorb an army of untrained 18- year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained 22- year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college does not make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things — maybe it’s just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are only the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy （异端邪说）to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.1.According to the passage, the author believes that（）2.In the Line 2, the 2nd paragraph, “those who don’t fit the pattern” refers to（） 3.The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because（）4.According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that（）5.In this passage the author argues that（） .

For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them extensive urine (尿).After all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems that those doctors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you spend on them is probably a good investment.Or at least that’s the argument put forward in the New England Journal of Medicine. Ideally, said Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost. The best evidence to date concerns folate （叶酸）,one of the B vitamins. It’s been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos （胚胎）,and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin B12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair.The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks who take 400 international units daily for at least two years appear somewhat less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin E to patients who already have heart disease, the vitamin doesn’t seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage.Despite vitamin C’s great popularity, consuming large amounts of it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit. The body quickly becomes saturated with C and simply excretes （排泄）any excess.The multivitamins question boils down to this： Do you need to wait until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing to accept that there’s enough evidence that they don’t hurt and could help?If the latter, there’s no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can cause trouble, including excessive bleeding and nervous system problems.Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet, of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit is modest and subject to further refinement, taking a daily multivitamin makes a lot of sense.1.At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because they believed that multivitamins2.According to the author, clinical trials of vitamin supplements （）3.It has been found that vitamin E（） .4.It can be seen that large doses of multivitamins （）.5.The author concludes the passage with the advice that（） .

Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet,or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to share.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight is — in my opinion — the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (IE) or specialist and a real seeker after truth，” Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well-known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding — efforts.“ Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene,“ but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.“The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution. ”Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.What might happen to such a submission today?“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file. ”1.What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs? 2.What was critical to Einstein’s success?3.What does the author tell us about physicists today?4.What does Brian Greene imply by saying “it would be a lot harder for him to be heard”(Para. 9) ?5.When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein （）.

One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production — capital. The ownership of large amount of capital can bring （1 ）profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists,（2 ）, have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of（3 ）that they call “post-industrial” society. One important change in such a society is that the ownership of（4 ）amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important（5 ）of profits and influences;knowledge as well as （6 ）capital brings profits and influence.There are many（7 ）with the thesis above, not the least of（8 ）is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not（9 ） the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the（10 ）of some new industries indicates（11 ）, genetic engineering and the new computer technology have（12 ）many new firms and made some scientists quite rich. In（13 ）with criticism of the post-industrial society thesis, however, it must also be（14 ）that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i.e.major corporations) soon（15 ）to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly （16 ）Many new high tech jobs are being created at the upper-middle-class level, but even more new jobs are being created in the low-skill, low-paying service （17 ）. Something like a class line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the（18 ）of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try illiteracy in the English language has been a severe （19 ） for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and（20 ）them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.

One of the biggest （）to the economic reform of this area has been the lack of access to international markets.

One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships （）follow traffic rules in busy harbors.

Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms（） with age as an inevitable outcome of living.

Having a(n)（） attitude towards people with different ideas is an indication that one has been well educated.

Some British universities are state-supported, others are privately（） and still others are supported by religious origination.

The（） prevents the people in the two neighboring nations from living in peace.

Hill slopes were cleared of forests to make way for crops, which now only （）the crisis.

The management should give （）to the workers’safety operation over every other consideration.

The storm was（） and changed course constantly at sea at that time.

The appearance of this used car is quite （）, and it is much newer than it really is.

Research can have no economic impact if the new scientific discoveries are not （）into marketable good and service.

The wealth of a country should be measured （）the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.

Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just（） and needs proving.

The American dream is most （）during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.

It is （）that the Internet is exerting a growing important influence on people’s lives.

As an important part of police strategy, rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public（） as offering tremendous benefits.

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