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Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1, 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is bom with the capacity to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, if the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern ’’toy-bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child , where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling （呼呀学语）, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.1.The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was（） .2.The reason some children are backward in speaking is most likely that （）.3.What is particularly remarkable about a child is that（） .4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?5.If a child starts to speak later than others, he will in future（）.

This project would （）a huge increase in defense spending.

In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from（） on icy roads.

Many people are（） to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital.

Mary sat at the table, looked at the plate and（） her lips.

According to the new tax law, any money earned over that level is taxed at the （）of 59 percent.

Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people; they are（）available these days.

She’s always been kind to me—I can’t just turn （）on her now that she needs my help.

The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a （）forgery.

Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but（）lightly in the afternoon.

The reception was attended by（） members of the local community.

A great amount of work has gone into（） the Cathedral to its previous splendor.

This spacious room is（） furnished with just a few articles in it.

The priest made the of the（） cross when he entered the church.

Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customer's （）rather than the company s.

The heat in summer is no less（） here in this mountain region.

The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to（） government spending.

The tenant left nothing behind except some（） of paper, cloth, etc.

During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few（）from the novel.

The new colleague（） to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.

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