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Biologists have ascertained that specialized cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.

You have more than enough supplies for the camping trip. Redundant supplies are a godsend if you get stranded in that desolate cabin.

Researchers say their discovery showing the routine purification of mil may not always be foolproof.

The hotel was a four-storey building away from the university where most competitors were accommodated.

Scientists speculate that _______ population growth and dwindling resources may force humans to look to the sea for food.

As a senator he was excellent - always talking to his _______ and hearing their problems.

In spite of the diversity of subjects and backgrounds, the essays and poems can _______ be classified under the title of local-flavor literature.

The speculation, _______ by some suggestive evidence, came from an American scientist.

Perhaps we could have smoothed things down in a more reasonable _______.

Courtesy and morality must be _______ into their minds in their childhood.

He was so _______ with the idea of the approaching examinations that he could not sleep well at night.

He _______ his feet on the ground to shake off the snow from his boots before he entered the house.

She had extraordinary flame-colored hair which made her _______ in a crowd.

The 13,500 known paintings of Pablo Picasso cover the entire _______ of styles, from realism to pure abstraction.

Directions: While some people claim that a person’s essential qualities are inherited of birth, others hold that the circumstances in which a person grows up are mainly responsible for the type of person he/she later becomes. Write a composition of no less than 200 words according to the topic given below expressing your views.Essential Qualities: Inherited or Not?

几乎你周围的所有东西都是网络的一部分，或是基于网络而存在。不管是在自然界，还是在人类社会，网络把事物的各个不同的部分联系起来，促进彼此的交流与合作，实现资源共享。网络作为整体，远远大于部分之和。正是因为我们今天所处的社会是一个高度复杂的巨大系统，其中人与人之间，部门与部门之间，企业与企业之间存在着千丝万缕的联系，合作与协同成为社会的主要工作模式，而作为人类辅助工具的计算机必须适应这种模式，电脑网络因此应运而生。

In Germany, in contrast with France, friendship is much more articulately a matter of feeling. Adolescents, boys and girls, from deeply sentimental attachments, walk and talk together—not so much to polish their wits as to share their hopes and fears and dreams, to form a common front against the world of school and family and to join in a kind of mutual discovery of each other’s and their own inner life.

The idea of an absolutely plain, unchanging, unchallenged description of morality, which will be acceptable to all forever, is probably a philosophical dream. Each society has to work out for itself what is to be its morality, influenced by its past history, its geographical location, its psychological temperament, its inherited religion.

Philosophy teaches us to feel uncertain about the things that seem to us self-evident. Propaganda, on the other hand, teaches us to accept as self-evident matters about which it would be reasonable to suspend our judgment or to feel doubt. The propagandist must therefore be consistently dogmatic. All his statements are made without qualification.

Every minute of every day, what ecologist Jams Carlton calls a global “conveyor belt” redistributes ocean organisms. It’s planet-wide biological disruption that scientists have barely begun to understand.Dr. Carlton—an oceanographer at Williams College in Williamstown, Mass.— explains that, at any given moment，“there are several thousand (marine) species (traveling)...in the ballast water of ships.” These creatures move from coastal waters where they fit into the local web of life to places where some of them could tear that web apart. This is the larger dimension of the infamous invasion of fish-destroying, pipe-clogging zebra mussels.Such veracious invaders at least make their presence known. What concerns Carlton and his fellow marine ecologists is the lack of knowledge about the hundreds of alien invaders that quietly enter coastal water around the world every day. Many of them probably just die out. Some benignly—or even beneficially—join the local scene. But some will make trouble.In one sense, this is an old story. Organisms have ridden ships for centuries. They have clung to hulls and come along with cargo. What’s new is the scale and speed of the migrations made possible by the massive volume of ship-ballast water—taken in to provide ship stability—continuously moving around the world.Ships load up with ballast water and its inhabitants in coastal waters of one port and dump the ballast in another port that may be thousands of kilometers away. A single load can run to hundreds of gallons. Some larger ships take on as much as 40 million gallons. The creatures that come along tend to be in their larva free-floating stage. When discharged in alien waters they can mature into crabs, jellyfish, slugs, and many other forms.Since the problem involves coastal species, simply banning ballast dumps in coastal waters would, in theory, solve it. Coastal organisms in ballast water that is flushed into mid-ocean would not survive. Such a ban has worked for North American Inland Waterway. But it would be hard to enforce it worldwide. Heating ballast water or straining it should also halt the species spread. But before any such worldwide regulations were imposed, scientists would need a clearer view of what is going on.The continuous shuffling of marine organisms has changed biology of the sea on a global scale. It can have devastating effects as in the case of the American comb jellyfish that recently invaded the Black Sea. It has destroyed that sea’s anchovy fishery by eating anchovy eggs. It may soon spread to western and northern European waters.The maritime nations that created the biological “conveyor belt” should support a coordinated international effort to find out what is going on and what should be done about it.56. According to Dr. Carlton, ocean organisms are .A. being moved to new environmentsB. destroying the planetC. succumbing to the zebra musselD. developing alien characteristics57. Oceanographers are concerned because .A. their knowledge of this phenomenon is limitedB. they believe the oceans are dyingC. they fear an invasion from outer spaceD. they have identified thousands of alien webs 58. According to marine ecologists, transplanted marine species .A. may upset the ecosystems of coastal waterB. are all compatible with one anotherC. can only survive in their home watersD. sometimes disrupt shipping lanes59. The identified cause of the problem is .A. the rapidity with which larvae maturesB. a common practice of the shipping industryC. a century-old speciesD. the worldwide movement of ocean currents60. The article suggests that a solution to the problem __.A. is unlikely to be identifiedB. must precede further researchC. is hypothetically easyD. will limit global shipping

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