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The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been （）.

The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only（）familiaritywith technology.

The results are hardly（）; he cannot believe they are accurate.

You shouldn’t have written in the（）since the book belongs to the library.

He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in（）with the Imperial Museum.

William Penn, the Founder of Pennsylvania,（）defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.

The（）cycle of life and death is a subject of interest to scientists and philosophers alike.

Though he was born and brought up in American, he can speak（）Chinese.

Generous public funding of basic science would（）considerable benefits for the country's health, wealth and security.

The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state（）.

The person who（）this type of research deserves our praise.

He will（）resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.

The schoolmaster（）the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.

It is essential that these application forms（）back as early as possible.

I'm sorry to have（） you with so many questions on such an occasion.

Hurricanes are killer winds, and their（）power lies in the physical damage they can do.

On average, American kids ages 3 to 13 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet. Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, children's leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%."Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机)that affects their parents," says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children's timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and "male breadwinner" households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. "Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself," says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing "free time" watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they're spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren't replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let's face it, who's got the time?1. By mentioning "the same time crunch" (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means（）.2. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is（）.3. According to the author a child develops better if（）.4. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids（）.5. We can infer from the passage that（）.

In the course of my reading I had come across a case where, many years ago, some hunters on our Great Plains organized a buffalo hunt for the entertainment of an English earl and provide some fresh meat for his use. They had charming sport. They killed seventy-two of those great animals; and ate part of one of them and left the seventy-one to rot. In order to determine the difference between an anaconda and an earl, I had seven lambs turned into the anaconda’s cage. The grateful snake immediately crushed one of them and swallowed it, then lay back satisfied. It showed no further interest in the lamb, and no inclination to harm them. I tried this experiment with other anacondas is that the earl is cruel and the anaconda isn’t; and the earl wantonly destroyed what he has no use for, but the anaconda doesn’t. This seemed to suggest that the anaconda was not descended from the earl. It also seemed to suggest that the earl was descended from the anaconda and had lost a good deal in the transition.I was aware that many men who have accumulated more money than they can ever use have shown a hunger for more, and have not hesitated to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor savings in order to partially satisfy the appetite. I furnished a hundred different kinds of wild and domestic animals the opportunity to accumulate vast stores of food but none of them would do it. The squirrels and bees and certain birds made accumulations, but stopped when they gathered a winter’s supply, and could not be persuaded to add to it either honestly or be trickery. These experiments convinced me that there is this difference between man and the higher animals; he is greedy, they are not.In the course of my experiments, I convinced myself that among the animals man is the only one that harbors insults and injuries, broods over them, waits till a chance offers, then takes revenge. The passion of revenge is unknown to the higher animals.1. By describing the buffalo hunting and his experiment with the anaconda, the author mainly wants to tell his readers that（）.2. According to the author, in human society, the rich（）.3. The author's experiments with different kinds of animals seem to prove that（）.4. We learn from the last paragraph that（）.5. In this passage, the author writes in a (n)（）.

Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt him or her before. A really fearless soldier---and some do exist——is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe; an airplane my crash on your house, or ants may ear away some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may get cancer!The important things are not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warm you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you; you jump out of the way, and all is well.In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you cannot prevent an airplane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it.1. Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if（）.2. A really fearless soldier（）. .3. Fear should be used properly because（）.4. People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because（）.5. Which of the following statements is implied but not stated?

There are increasingly fraught relationships that adults are having with children in all walks of life, from the police to politicians, within the public sector and within communities themselves. The fear of young people has changed the way society is policed: how pupils are treated in schools and how insecure adults relate to children on their estates. Rather than children and young people becoming more violent and anti-social, it is adults who have changed, having fewer relationships with young people and becoming less confident in their dealings with them.We must explore the role that crime and safety initiatives have on the outlook of the public. The attempt by government, council departments, the police and many others to reduce the fear within communities by developing safety initiatives is having the opposite effect, resulting in the institutionalization of this fear. Curfews have increased adults' fear of young people and reduced the amount of time that young children are allowed out to play. They have raised the level of insecurity amongst parents about the safety of their children and ultimately reduced the contact between generations within this community. It is not far from the truth to say that "youth" no longer exists—if by youth we mean the freedom loving rebelliousness. The outcome of this process is breeding a generation of young people who are if anything more fragile and fearful than their grandparents.Finally, as well as exploring the fear of young people, we must look at the insecurity that parents have for their children. There has been a reduction in play, and specifically in “free play”，and the effect of this more regulated environment on children's lives is yet to be determined and not something we can continually ignore in our rush to protect society from children.1. The author is mainly directing his message towards（）.2. The first paragraph is mainly about（）.3. The author sees safety initiatives as part of the problem because（）.4. The author believes it’s possible to say youth no longer exists because（）.5. To correct the problem the author discusses we are advised to（）.

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