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“My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel,” said a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen; “in the meantime you must try and put up with me.”Framton Nuttel endeavored to say the correct something which should duly flatter the niece of the moment without unduly discounting the aunt that was to come. Privately he doubted more than ever whether these formal visits on a succession of total strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which he has supposed to be undergoing.“I know how it will be,” his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural retreat; “you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping. I shall just give you letters of introduction to all the people I know there. Some of them, as far as I can remember, were quite nice.Framton wondered whether Mrs. Sappleton, the lady to whom he was presenting one of the letters of introduction, came into the nice division.“Do you know many of the people round here?” asked the niece, when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion.“Hardly a soul,” said Framton. “My sister was staying here, at the rectory, you know, some four years 3go, and she gave me letters of introduction to some of the people here.”He made the last statement in a tone of distinct regret.“Then you know practically nothing about my aunt?” pursued the self-possessed young lady.“Only her name and address,” admitted the caller. He was wondering whether Mrs. Sappleton was in the married or widowed state. An undefinable something about the room seemed to suggest masculine habitation.“Her great tragedy happened just three years ago,” said the child; “that would be since your sister’s time,’“Her tragedy?” asked Framton; somehow in this restful country spot tragedies seemed out of place.“You may wonder why we keep that window wide open on an October afternoon, said the niece，indicating a large French window that opened on to a lawn，“It is quite warm for the time of the year，” said Framton; “but has that window got anything to do with the tragedy?”“Out through that window, three years ago to a day, her husband and her two young brothers went off for their day's shooting. They never came back. In crossing the moor to their favorite snipe-shooting ground they were all three engulfed in a treacherous piece of bog. It had been that dreadful wet summer, you know, and places that were safe in other years gave way suddenly without warning. The bodies were never recovered. That was the dreadful part of it.” Here the child's voice lost its self-possessed note and became falteringly human. “Poor aunt always thinks that they will come back some day, they and the little brown spaniel that was lost with them, and walk in at that window just as they used to do. That is why the window is kept open every evening till it is quite dusk. Poor dear aunt, she has often told me how they went out, her husband with his white waterproof coat over his arm, and Ronnie, her younger brother, singing, 'Bertie, why do you bound?" as he always did to tease her, because she said it got on her nerves. Do you know, sometimes on still, quiet evening like this, I almost get a creepy feeling that they will all walk in through that window—”She broke off with a little shudder. It was a relief to Framton when the aunt bustled into the room with a whirl of apologies for being late in making her appearance.“I hope Vera has been amusing you?" she said.“She has been very interesting,” said Framton.“I hope you don’t mind the open window,” said Mrs. Sappleton briskly; “my husband and brothers will be home directly from shooting, and they always come in this way. They’ve been out for snipe in the marshes today, so they’ll make a fine mess over my poor carpets. So like you men-folk, isn’t it?”She rattled on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of birds, and the prospects for duck in the winter. To Framton it was all purely horrible. He made a desperate but only partially successful effort to turn the talk on to a less ghastly topic; he was conscious that his hostess was giving him only a fragment of her attention, and her eyes were constantly straying past him to the open window and the lawn beyond. It was certainly an unfortunate coincidence that he should have paid his visit on this tragic anniversary.“The doctors agree in ordering me complete rest, an absence of mental excitement, and avoidance of anything in the nature of violent physical exercise” announced Framton, who labored under the tolerably wide-spread delusion that total strangers and chance acquaintances are hungry for the least detail of one’s ailments and infirmities, their cause and cure. “On the matter of diet they are not so much in agreement,” he continued.“No?” said Mrs. Sappleton, in a voice which only replaced a yawn at the last moment. Then she suddenly brightened into alert attention—but not to what Framton was saying.“Here they are at last!” she cried. “Just in time for tea, and don’t they lock as if they were muddy up to the eyes!”Framton shivered slightly and turned towards the niece with a look intended to convey sympathetic comprehension. The child was staring out through the open window with dazed horror in her eyes. In a chill shock of nameless fear Framton swung around in his seat and looked in the same direction.In the deepening twilight three figures were walking across the lawn towards the window; they all carried guns under their arms, and one of them was additionally burdened with a white coat hung over his shoulders. A tired brown spaniel kept close at their heels. Noiselessly they neared the house, and then a hoarse young voice chanted out of the dusk: “1 said, Bertie, why do you bound?”Framton grabbed wildly at his stick and hat; the hall-door, the gravel-drive, and the front gate were dimly noted stages in his headlong retreat. A cyclist coming along the road had to run into the hedge to avoid imminent collision.“Here we are, my dear,” said the bearer of the white mackintosh, coming in through the window; “fairly muddy, but most of it’s dry. Who was that who bolted out as we came up?”“A most extraordinary man, Mr. Nuttel,” said Mrs. Sappleton, “could only talk about his illnesses, and dashed off without a word of good-bye or apology when you arrived. One would think he had seen a ghost.”“I expect it was the spaniel," said the niece calmly; “he told me he had horror of dogs. He was once hunted into a cemetery somewhere on the banks of the Ganges with the creatures snarling and grinning and foaming just above him. Enough to make any one lose their nerve.”Romance at short notice was her specialty. 1. The story took place（）.2. Framton Nuttel had come to the area to（）.3. Framton tried to talk about his illness because（）.4. The climax of the story occurred when（）.5. Which of the following statements do you think probably best describes Vera?

Directions: Write an essay of about 250-300 words on the following topic. Write your answers on the ANS WER SHEET.As Chinese government has modified one-child family control policy, some people are worried that China’s overall population will be swelling or even ballooning, giving rise to more social problems. Some other people are optimistic and welcome the positive changes the policy might bring about. State your view and justify it with adequate arguments.

Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10%)1. The idea was a powerful variable in explaining why some countries fared far better than others: to promote income growth over many years, heavy investment in schooling was necessary. And it helped explain the shrinkage of families in wealthy countries: if increasing value is placed on human capital, parents must invest more in each child, making large families costly. Many critics bristled at Becker’s market-driven logic, which seemed to reduce people to cold, calculating machine.2. Which is it? The home of free speech, the rule of law and the rich world’s most dynamic economy? Or a land of social decay, septic politics and the rich world’s worst roads and schools? America divides foreign observes. It divides foreign firms, too. Some bosses fall head over heels for its insatiable consumers and dazzling technology. Other executives are put off by its insufferable lawyers and hypocritical protectionism. Donald Trump promises to give foreign firms a rude awakening when he reaches the White House: last month he beat up Toyota for making cars in Mexico and selling them north of the border. But in truth many foreign firms fell out of love with America years ago.

Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)1. 今天，被近千年的传统所束缚并且缺少充足政府资助的牛津大学，难以轻松应对加快了的全球教育变革步伐。不管对错与否，其他学校都重点建设商务类的课程时，牛津尤其慢慢吞吞，或者很不情愿如此，这样在资源竞争中就落在剑桥这样的大学之后，而这些资源倾向于流向看重商务的学校。2. 自2008年以来，快递数量增长的一半都来自于“海淘”买家。因此，尽管近年来贸易总体增长缓慢，但跨境电子商务的兴起让快递公司仍然生意兴隆，国际快递三大巨头最新季度收入创下新高。不过快递业面临着一个新的挑战：由于特朗普的保护主义倾向和英国脱欧（Brexit），贸易壁垒将重新回归。

Albert Einstein once (11) the creativity of a famous scientist to the fact that he “never went to school, and therefore preserved the rare gift of thinking freely.” There is undoubtedly a (12) in Einstein’s observation: many artists and geniuses seem to (13) their schooling as a big disadvantage. Anecdotal reports support this. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twain, Oliver Goldsmith, and William Butler Yeats all (14) school. (15) did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. But such a truth is not a criticism of schools. (16) is the function of schools to civilize, not to train explorers. The explorer is always a miserably lonely individual (17) his or her pioneering is in art, music, science and technology. The creative explorer of unmapped lands shares with the genius what William James described (18) the “faculty of perceiving in an unhabitual way.” However, the social order demands unity and widespread agreement, both traits are (19) to creativity. There will always be (20) between the demands of society and the impulses of creativity and genius.

Tidiness means keeping things out of sight and yet available when (1) ____. It implies that there is a (2) _ for everything and that each thing used finds its (3) ___ back to its place by a continuous process, not by a spasmodic effort. The process depends, however, upon the drawer, cupboard and storage space being (4) _，for lack of (5) __ some things may literally have no place to go. If there is no place for things, it is no (6) _ telling people to put them away. The architect who thus economizes (7) _ storage space is apt to claim that a good-sized sitting-room is the result. What advantage is there in that, however, when half the living-room has to be used for storage? The aesthetic order depends, in turn, upon storage space. (8) _ it may be true that no house ever had cupboards enough, there are some houses which have practically no cupboards at all. In these our choice must lie (9) chronic untidiness and ruthless destruction. That is not to say, however, that cupboard space will itself create (10) _. There is the question, furthermore, whether the cupboards themselves are tidy. That everything has been swept out of sight is no proof, in itself, that anything can be found.

Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nestling bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare’s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power: nor is Picasso’s painting “Guernica” primarily a propositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart’s The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the great works of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits — the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach — in strikingly original ways.1. The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the （）.2. The author implies that Beethoven’s music was strikingly original because Beethoven（）.3. The passage states that the operas of the Florentine Camerata are（）.4. The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions EXCEPT（）.5. The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activities transcend limits with（）.

Three centuries ago, a Dutch mathematician named Christian Huygens invented a new religion. He didn’t mean to. All he did was to build a pendulum clock that allowed people, for the first time in history, to keep track of hours and minutes accurately. Yes, it will get a lot of attention around the globe on New Year’s Eve, but that is the exception. Many cultures still march to different drummers. Time seems to move faster in Frankfurt than in San Salvador. Monks in Burma know it is time to get up when there is enough light to see the veins in their hands, and showing up on time is cause for ridicule in Mexico.Robert Levine and his researchers visited cities around the world to measure the accuracy of public clocks and to time how long it takes downtown pedestrians to walk 60 feet and postal clerks to sell a stamp.In Switzerland, clocks are slow or fast by an average of just 19 seconds. In Brazil, one man was more than three hours off when he told Levine it was “exactly 2:14.” At the central post office in Jakarta, Levine was sent outside to street vendors.Much of the world lives on what Levine calls event time. In Paris, you might set a business meeting for 3 p. m, but in Burundi, you might agree to meet when the cows return from the watering hole. In Madagascar, if you ask how long it takes to get to the nearest market, you get an answer like the time it takes to cook rice.If that sounds appealing, don’t be too hasty to move abroad. Clock addiction is tough to break. Learning a new pace of life is like mastering a foreign language. And there are drawbacks to timeless living. You might be able to show up for work at your convenience. But you could spend a day or more waiting to make a telephone call. You feel slighted in the United States if your lunch date never shows, but in Kenya, a perfectly reasonable excuse is that on the way to meet you, he ran into a friend and decided to join him for lunch instead.Levine seems to think that the West is becoming more devoted to the clock with each passing minute.A new atomic clock is so accurate that it won’t be off by more than a second a million years from now. And clock worship appears to be spreading to the developing world, where vendors hawk watches on city streets.But often they are selling prestige rather than punctuality. On some of their watches, the hands don’t move.1. Which of the following assumptions about clock is expressed in the passage?2. The author quotes the example that clocks in Switzerland are slow or fast by an average of just 19 seconds while in Brazil, one man was more than three hours off in order to imply（）.3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?4. In the West, people tend to do things（）.

In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus, it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs—societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek “historian” of the fifth century B.C.,who speaks of an Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle.Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical facts—real Amazonian societies—but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of women’s rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as those of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek practices.Thus, I would argue, the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic, to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were used as arguments for the male-dominated status quo, in which groups composed exclusively of either sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society. Bachofen was thus misled in his reliance on myths for information about the status of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills, and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths.1. The primary purpose of the passage is to（）.2. All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT（）.3. Which of the following is presented in the passage as evidence supporting the author’s view of the ancient Greeks’ descriptions of the Amazons?4. It can be inferred from the passage that the probable reactions of many males in ancient Greece to the idea of a society ruled by women could best be characterized as （）.5. The author suggests that the main reason for the persisting influence of Bachofen’s work is that（）.

“How many of you have been angry at least once today?” asked the conductor of an anger-management seminar. According to an article in The New York Times, most of those in the room raised their hands. “The fact is,” the seminar leader continued, “people get angry at an average of 10 to 14 times a day. But anger is especially endemic to work. If you have a job, you’re guaranteed to get angry.”Up would have gone my hand, had I been in the room and heard that last remark. And I would have respectfully disagreed.Although some statistics indicate that the number of on-the-job flare-ups has increased in recent years, to hold onto the notion that workplace anger is therefore guaranteed is counterproductive. It leaves one with the impression that any efforts to remain even-tempered at work are, at best, only a bandit.Anger-management experts do offer a few common-sense guidelines to minimize work-related anger: don’t let it faster; don’t look for snubs in what are purely innocent incidents; don’t get caught up in other people’s gripes; if you start to lose control, take a break.I would add, pray.Instead of sitting there fuming over some encounter, why not use the time to listen for God’s thoughts, his messages to you? To be sure, they will snuff out the heat of anger and bring calmness, clarity, and healing. “For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, thoughts of peace, and not of evil, to give you an expected end.”Better still, one can act preemptively to prevent a volatile atmosphere on the job. A good start is to consider that the people we work with—whether it’s the person at the desk across from ours or the president of the company—are not what we see on the surface.If we take it for granted that our coworkers are so many individuals merely of an assortment of physical and emotional characteristics, then our overall expectations on the job, as well as our concern for the well-being of those we work with, are limited. But our true nature isn’t the sum of material and sometimes fiery emotional elements. Each one of us is God’s child. Everyone’s true selfhood comes from this one source—God, divine Spirit—and is therefore purely good and spiritual.“Man (including woman) is the offspring, not of the lowest, but of the highest qualities of Mind,” wrote Mary Baker Eddy, the author of Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. This divine Mind, or God, is expressing in each of us these “high qualities” as our real nature, respectful and loving, and revealing our actual relation to one another as sons and daughters of God.What we should be counting on at work, then, or anywhere else where people come into contact with one another, is an atmosphere in which everyone feels upheld by God’s thoughts of peace. In this atmosphere, solid relationships develop and solutions appear even in situations where it was believed that none were possible.So, instead of bracing for a showdown with a fellow worker, you can arrive at work filled with the conviction that you and your colleagues, clients, and customers, are all inherently good-natured—God-natured—the offspring of a totally loving creator. You’re certain to have higher-expectations, more compassion, more patience. A real peacemaker attitude.This is doing more than managing work-related anger. This is helping to eliminating it.1. What does the sentence “But anger is especially endemic to work” in the 1st paragraph mean?2. What’ s the meaning of the first sentence in the 2 paragraph “Up would have gone my hand”?3. What guidelines do the anger-management experts offer to subdue workplace anger?4. What does the author of Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures try to convey to the readers in the book?5. What’s the main idea of this passage?

On this day in 2004, Comcast, America’s largest cable operator, abandons its $54 billion hostile takeover bid for the Walt Disney Company in the face of faltering stock prices and Disney’s continued refusal to entertain the proposal.If accepted, Comcast’s February bid would have made it the largest media company in the world. For its $54 billion in stock, Comcast would have received control of Disney’s film studio, the ABC television broadcasting network and the cable channel ESPN, among other assets.Based in Philadelphia, Comcast had begun as a regional cable company in Tupelo, Mississippi, and increased its holdings through a series of lucrative acquisitions. It had used a similar “bear hug” campaign in July 2001, when it launched an unsolicited proposal to buy AT&T Corp’s cable assets, then known as AT&T Broadband. Over a year later, it successfully closed that deal for about $40 billion.Observers of the proposed merger predicted problems similar to those that had faced other media giants, such as AOL-Time Warner, including scrutiny from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which had objected to ownership of local networks and cable stations in the same market.The Comcast-Disney battle highlights an important, though seemingly contradictory fact. While America’s big corporate bosses need to be held more strictly to account, by a combination of better rules, better governance and more demanding shareholders, the media business in which these giant media firms operate actually needs the opposite—less, not more, regulations. When FCC announced that it would ease modestly the rules governing which sort of media company can merge with each other, liberal and conservative Americans alike noisily professed their horror at the prospects of Big Media becoming even bigger.Opponents of Bigger Media make two main arguments. First, they say, the concentration of ownership reduces media voices, restricts diversity and thus weakens democracy. Second, the marriage of media content (news, films, TV shows) with media distribution (TV or radio networks, internet services and the like) further increases the power of media barons over viewers, readers and listeners, as the media giants use their sales power to batter their way into living rooms. Comcast’s proposed merger with Disney falls mainly into this second category.Never mind that there is little systematic evidence to support the crude equation of media baron with a single political “view”, and that the Internet, with its anarchic bloggers and wealth of information, renders all efforts to control minds, at least in America, somewhat moot. Big Media—like Big Telecoms, Big Cable and Big Satellite, not to mention Big Music and Big Film, is not overweening and almighty, but threatened and vulnerable. The obstacle to dominance in any of these industries is the onward march of digital technology which, as it combines with the spread of broadband Internet connections, is undermining most firms’ business models. Already cable companies carry data and telephone calls; telephone carriers and digital technology providers transport television, films and music. For the couch potato, the range of choice is growing, not shrinking. So, from a public-policy point of view, there is little to fear from most big media mergers.1. Which of the following statements about Comcast is true?2. The contradictory fact mentioned in the 5th paragraph refers to the fact that（）.3. People may mainly base their opposition to the proposed Comcast-Disney merger on the argument that （）.4. By saying Big Media is threatened and vulnerable, the author means（）5. What does the word “baron” most probably mean in the 6th and 7th paragraph?6. The word “moot” in the 7 paragraph most probably means（）.

Directions: Write an essay of about 250-300 words on the following topic. Write your answers on the ANS WER SHEET.Some people think that international travel makes them prejudiced rather than broad-minded. Give reasons why people fail to benefit from travel and how to improve the understanding of countries they visit.

Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10%)1. After years of expansion, the smart phone market is peaking. Some firms still thrive: China’s Huawei, a telecoms giant, predicts that revenues from its consumer-devices division will rise by about 50% this year. But Xiaomi, an innovative electronics firm once seen as China’s answer to Apple, is losing steam. Apple itself announced weaker results on April 26th. Revenues from sales in greater China fell by 26% year on year. As the market for devices matures, however, consumer spending is shifting to services: data usage has grown at triple-digit rates since 2012.2. Until last year house prices were rising predominantly in prosperous central London boroughs. That was largely because of an influx of cash-rich buyers, says Neal Hudson of Savills, an estate agency. People saw posh property in the capital as a shelter from economic turmoil abroad. Elsewhere in Britain, however, the housing market was torpid. Potential buyers struggled to find mortgages. Falling real wages, economic uncertainty and the memory of plummeting house prices during the crisis curbed the obsession with property in these areas.

Any parent with a child 1 the ages of 3 and 11 can tell you 2 technology has crept into nearly 3 aspects of playtime and nearly every type of toy. The Hyper Dash, introduced recently from Wild Planet, is a 4 in point. “It’s the perfect blend of technology, learning and exercise,” says an educational psychologist. Wild Planet has 5 unveiled a younger version of Hyper Dash, for kids 3 to 5, 6 Animal Scramble, which is due 7 stores in September. In 8, the firm will soon release Hyper Jump. “Play and technology are 9,” says Claire Green of the nonprofit Parents’ Choice Foundation, “there’s 10 putting the genie back in the bottle.”

In Microsoft’s latest attempt to reach out to bloggers, the company recently gave away expensive laptops loaded 1 its new Windows Vista operating system. But the gifts generated controversy as well as good 2, with some bloggers accusing Microsoft of bribery and their peers 3 unethical behavior.Several bloggers reported last week that they had received Acer Ferrari laptops, which can sell 4 more than $2,200, from Microsoft.A spokeswoman for Microsoft confirmed Friday that the 5 had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers 6 wrote about technology and other subjects that could be 7 by the new operating system, like photography and, oddly, parenting.But while those on Microsoft’s mailing list initially greeted the machines with enthusiasm, many 8 bloggers soon objected—not because they had been left off the list but, they said, because bloggers are bound by the 9 rules as traditional journalists, who should not accept 10 gifts from companies they cover.

Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)1. 不列颠的超市业主们很少如此心怀忐忑地期待着圣诞节的销售业绩。在2014年，大部分超市，特别是乐购（TESCO）这个市场领头羊，过得很艰难。超低折扣商铺，持续挖他们的墙角，侵吞他们的市场份额，而下降的食物价格也使得超市的利润率降低。临近圣诞节和新年的几周通常是超市的最旺销售时期，他们在此期间能否喘一口气？2. 涂鸦画可能最终会消失。但是直至现在，这种爱好仍然受到人们的尊敬。一位涂鸦画家说，他有很多朋友曾经痴迷于在火车车皮厢上作画。现在有了妻儿，他们只有周末去废弃的仓库墙上大展身手。这已经成了周日下午的惯例——一种比坐在电视机前看足球略微健康的消遣。

Each year, a few so-called top designers in Paris and London (A) lay down on the law and women around the world run to obey. The (B) decrees of the designers are unpredictable and (C) dictatorial. Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are (D) out.

The men taking part, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age. This (A) illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great (B) majority of men have successfully (C) resisted all attempts to make (D) it change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women.

Whenever you see an old film, you can’t help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles and (A) make-up look (B) date: their skirts look either too long or too short; their general (C) appearance is, in fact, (D) slightly ludicrous.

In spirit their work was (A) closer to the humor of the fast-developing comic (B) strip and gag cartoon than to the (C) string of political satire. Their subjects were more often (D) amusing than offended by amiable attacks.

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