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Einstein discovered the laws that govern the universe, not in a lab or in an（） , but at the desk in his study.

The speaker was regarded as a trouble maker because she （）the granting of equality to all regardless of race, color or sex.

Now the juries, and ultimately the society they speak for, have to find some way to express （）at the brutality that women and children face every day.

The manager is so much under the influence of his secretary that she is the （）head of the department.

The mayor is a woman with great （）and therefore deserves our political and financial support.

The American society is （）an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.

France's （）of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.

The discovery of new oil-fields in various parts of the country filled the government with （）hope.

Reporters and photographers alike took great （）at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.

He spoke so （）that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.

He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. （）he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.

There was only a small （）in the city’s population over the last ten years.

We had no way to measure the exact distance we had traveled, but we thought it was （）five miles .

The reason for the traffic accident in the morning was （）one of the drivers had lost control of his car.

（） for more than five to seven minutes, the brain will be subjected to irreversible damage.

Inaugurated a second time on March 4, 1901, （）focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.

Please write a composition based on the following statements. You should write about 200 English words neatly on your answer sheet.Someone with a master's degree complained on the microblog that she earns less money than a worker. Do pays correspond to education levels these days? Is education a worthy investment nowadays? What is your opinion on this issue? You can use specific reasons or examples to illustrate your points.

Put the following 5 sentences into Chinese. Write them in the proper spaces on your answer sheet.The All-China Federation of Women has recently dropped the label and now refers to ‘old’ unmarried women —but the left over expression remains widely used elsewhere.The protoplanet would take tens of thousands of years to grow up, and scientists hope to study the entity and glean insights into how it was created and how it might evolve.Human longevity has improved so rapidly over the past century that 72 is the new 30, scientists have claimed. Moreover, it is no longer clear where the possible outer boundaries of human life stand.The best way to clean your glasses is to run them under warm water and put a tiny drop of dishwashing detergent on the tip of your fingers to create a lather on the lens. Then rinse with warm water, and diy with a clean, soft cotton cloth.Innovative companies are led by innovative chief executives. They spend their time asking provocative questions, observing the world like anthropologists, networking with people who don't think, act or talk like them.If you're taking risks, and you probably should, you can find yourself failing 90% of the time. The trick is to get paid while you're doing the failing and to use the experience to gain skills that will be useful later. We should be taught that failure is a process, not an obstacle.The following three basic processes promise help with great inefficiency: collecting tasks and projects from all your notebooks, calendars and files into one organizing system; deciding on the next steps and desired outcomes for each item; and making a habit of frequently checking and updating your to-dos and plans.Studies show that at least half of the variation in intelligence quotient is inherited. But while scientists have identified some genes that can significantly lower IQ --- in people afflicted with mental retardation, for example --- truly important genes that affect normal IQ variation have yet to be pinned down.According to scientists, sending your child to piano or violin lessons in a bid to boost their academic achievement is a waste of money. Although research has shown that youngsters who take music lessons are more likely to be top of their class, psychologist Glenn claims this link is misleading.Money makes the world go round, but it is not the key to happiness, according to other studies. In 2008, a survey from the Office for National Statistics found that British families were healthier and twice as well off as they were 20 years ago, but are no happier.

The use of deferential （敬重的）language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she “treads softly （谨言慎行）in the world,” elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form.Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic （语言的）ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential “women’s” forms, and even using the few strong forms that are known as “men’s.” This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women’s language. Indeed, we didn't hear about “men’s language’，until people began to respond to girls' appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and men. There is considerable sentiment about the “corruption” of women’s language---which of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and morality-and this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly carried out by the media.Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that young women probably never used as many of the highly deferential forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been expected to “grow into”—after all, it is a sign not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of one's social relations as well. One might well imagine little girls using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older women—in a fashion analogous to little girls’ use of a high-pitched voice to do “teacher talk” or “mother talk” in role play.The fact that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of change---of social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the “niasculization” of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but that is very different from saying that they are trying to be “masculine”. Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and girls, but different relations to life stages, and adolescent girls are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like “masculine” speech may seem to an adolescent like “liberated” or “hip” speech.1.The first paragraph describes in detail （）.2.What change has been observed in today’s young Japanese women?3.How do some people react to women’s appropriation of men’s language forms as reported in the Japanese media?4.According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior observed in today's young women （）. 5.The author believes that the use of assertive language by young Japanese women is（）.

You hear the refrain all the time; the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn't feel good. Why doesn't ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的)Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.The Affluent Society is a modem classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn't really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctively-and wrongly-labeled government only as “a necessary evil.”It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich---overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people's incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often don't satisfy their rising wants---for bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear they've become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity （肥胖症）.Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.Should we be surprised? Not really. We've simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness?1.What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?2.According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because （）.3.Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably?4.What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American” （Line 3, Para.5）?5.What has affluence brought to American society?

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