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At first, the company refused to purchase the equipment, but this decision was ______revised.

Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in the ______ bins provided.

We have been hearing ______ accounts of your work.

I couldn't sleep because the tap in the bathroom was ______.

He was _______ to tell the truth even to his closest friend.

He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him.

human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in __ literature.

It is not so much the language ______ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.

______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals.

As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______ so formally.

How can I ever concentrate if you continually me with silly questions?

______ a ticket for the match, he can now only watch it on TV at home.

"What courses are you going to do next semester?""I don't know. But it's about time ______ on something."

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a lawful institution in China and is still very popular. The Chinese government has a department in charge of TCM and there are a lot of TCM hospitals and pharmaceutical factories in the country. Yet TCM is never short of opponents, including fierce opponents calling for its abolition. Please comment on the controversial status of TCM.

(1) Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $ 28 billion—a 9.4 percent jump from 2005．(2) There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who fared best. (3) Stanford's $ 911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future.(4) "There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to invest," said Martin Shell, Stanford's vice president for development. (5) "This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends."(6) Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $ 595 million.(7) National, donations from alumni rose 18.3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education. (8) Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education. (9) Giving from other groups, such as corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts.(10) Survey director Ann Kaplan said the strong economics played a role, but universities also were asking more aggressively as part of formal fund-raising campaigns.

In Microsoft's latest attempt to reach out to bloggers, the company recently gave away expensive laptops loaded (1) its new Windows Vista operating system. But the gifts generated controversy as well as good (2) , with some bloggers accusing Microsoft of bribery and their peers (3) unethical behavior.Several bloggers reported last week that they had received Acer Ferrari laptops, which can sell (4) more than $ 2,200, from Microsoft.A spokeswoman for Microsoft confirmed Friday that the (5) had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers (6) wrote about technology and other subjects that could be (7) by the new operating system, like photography and, oddly, parenting.But while those on Microsoft's mailing list initially greeted the machines with enthusiasm, many (8) bloggers soon objected—not because they had been left off the list but, they said, because bloggers are bound by the (9) rules as traditional journalists, who should not accept (10) gifts from companies they cover.

(1) It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future.History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and omniscience. (2) Selfknowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for individual. History should forever remind us of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the future are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive.(3) A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to history temper and civilize our use of power. In the meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom. (4) History is never a closed book or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation.The great strength of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before. (5) A nation's history must be both the guide and the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens.

For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two related research designs: longitudinal and cross-sectional.A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on a group of 74 white, middleclass newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty years.The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in or stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, direct information about development.A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selected and compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level. For example, a researcher may be interested in looking at changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Three groups of subjects, ages ten, twenty, and thirty, may be selected and tested. Conclusions are drawn from the test data.The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantage of being less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-consuming. The major disadvantage is that different individuals who make up the study sample have not been observed over time. No information about past influences on development or about age-related changes is secured. Like longitudinal studies, the cross-sectional methods cannot erase the generational influence that exists when subjects studied are born at different time. Psychologists are now beginning to use an approach that combines longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods.1.Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvantages of a longitudinal research?2.The word "contingent" in the third paragraph probably means .3.Which of the following statements is true?4.One of the differences between cross-sectional research and longitudinal research is that .

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo draw a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.1.The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because （）.2.Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because .3.According to Fries and Crapo, sound health choice should be based on .

In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization's every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces "really" are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, "is not a thing, like St. Paul's Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell." Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that's where they belong, and smoke goes up because that's where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.1.Bertrand Russell's notion about electricity is （）.2.The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea that （）.3.The expression "speculated on" (Line 4) means（）.

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