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We（）admire his courage and self-confidence.

Western man is himself being Westernized by his own speed-up, （）by industrial technology.

While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very（）.

As the silent film（）sound, so did the sound film（）color.

The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now（）for it.

There are too many complaints about society having to move too fast to keep up with the machine.

Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite（）in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.

The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create（）_.

Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected（）the unconscious （） their psychology. No one can shield himself（）such an influence.

The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to （）or to root out, apart from monarchy.

Apple pie is（）neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.

In a culture like ours, long（）all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.

In a culture like ours, long（）all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.

In a culture like ours, long（）all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.

In a culture like ours, long（）all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.

Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing” for human being is a question that（）a wide solution.

A lot of people today are animal rights advocates. Some of them are very passionate and even quite radical about the issue. But others argue that “human rights” will always take priority. In fact, in many places even the most basic human rights are not adequately protected. So why animal rights? What do you think? And why?

(1) Apple’s iPad may be latest and greatest tech gadget，but oddly enough，it also represents a return to a model that most tech companies long ago abandoned — vertical integration.Apple has designed its own processor, called A4, to power the iPad. (2) That’s a big deal so until now Apple has used chips made by others，like Intel and Samsung. (3 ) In addition the processor, Apple also makes its own operating-system software for the iPad.(4) Moreover，the only way to get apps for an iPad will be to buy it from Apple. The same goes for content. (5) To get movies，TV shows，books, music — you will not have to buy them from Apple’s online store, and the iPad itself will be sold only in Apple stores. (6) From top to bottom this is a closing device, completely controlled by Apple.Is that a good thing? (7) Vertical integration was the norm back in the 1970s with minicomputer manufacturers like Digital Equipment Corp, and Data General, and late on with workstation makers like Sun Microsystems. (8) But pretty much everyone in tech decided long ago that vertical integration was a workable model. Why make your own processors and operating system when you can buy chips from Intel and Windows from Microsoft? (9) It was ironic which on the same day which Apple was announcing the iPad, Sun was holding an event to announce the completion of its takeover by Oracle —ironic because Sun’s pricey vertical -integration model was a big reason for the company’s decline.(10) Why is Apple defying the conventional wise and going vertical? For one thing, its CEO, Steve Jobs, is a control freak and hates relying on others. (11) Also，Jobs has been around long enough to remember the advantages of a vertical integrated company. (12) If the A4 is as good a processor as people seem to think, Apple’s iPad will have a big performance advantage than all the other tablet computers that are about to hit the market.And what of Apple’s risky bet on vertical integration? (13) Won’t the highly cost of going it alone put Apple at a disadvantage compared to makers that buy chips and software from others? (14) Won’t those other guys be able to charge more than Apple? The answer is, probably yes. But again, most people, myself included, are happy to pay more for what Apple makes. (15) My take is that Apple’s bet on vertical integration，that seems anachronistic，is actually a stroke of genius.

The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time of the ancient Greeks to the beginning of the 20th century, it was generally accepted by both physician and patient that the mind can affect the course of illness, and it seemed natural to apply this concept in medical treatments of disease. After the discovery of antibiotics, a new assumption arose that treatment of infectious or inflammatory disease requires only the elimination of the foreign organism or agent that triggers the illness. In the rush to discover antibiotics and drugs that cure specific infections and diseases, the fact that the body’s own responses can influence susceptibility to disease and- its course was largely ignored by medical researchers.It is ironic that research into infectious and inflammatory disease first led 20th-century medicine to reject the idea that the mind influences physical illness, and now research in the same field — including the work of our laboratories and of our collaborators at the National Institutes of Health 一 is proving the contrary. New molecular and pharmacological tools have made it possible for us to identify the intricate network that exists between the immune system and the brain，a network that allows the two systems to signal each other continuously and rapidly. Chemicals produced by immune cells signal the brain, and the brain in turn sends chemical signals to restrain the immune system. These same chemical signals also affect behavior and the response to stress. Disruption of this communication network in any way, whether inherited or through drugs, toxic substances or surgery, exacerbates the diseases that these systems guard against: infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and associated mood disorders.The clinical significance of these findings is likely to prove profound. They hold the promise of extending the range of therapeutic treatments available for various disorders, as drugs previously known to work primarily for nervous system problems are shown to be effective against immune maladies, and vice versa. They also help to substantiate the popularly held impression (still discounted in some medical circles) that our state of mind can influence how well we resist or recover from infectious or inflammatory diseases.The brain’s stress response system is activated in threatening situations. The immune system responds automatically to pathogens and foreign molecules. These two response systems are the body’s principal means for maintaining an internal steady state called homeostasis. A substantial proportion of human cellular machinery is dedicated to maintaining it.When homeostasis is disturbed or threatened, a repertoire of molecular, cellular and behavioral responses comes into play. These responses attempt to counteract the disturbing forces in order to reestablish a steady state. They can be specific to the foreign invader or a particular stress, or they can be generalized and nonspecific when the threat to homeostasis exceeds a certain threshold. The adaptive response may themselves turn into stressors capable of producing disease. We are just beginning to understand the interdependence of the brain and the immune system, how they help to regulate and counter-regulate each other and how they themselves can malfunction and produce disease.1.The passage supplies information to suggest that （）2.Which of the following best states the mind-body interaction in disease?3.Which of the following statements about clinical significance of the new findings can be bestsupported by the passage?4.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?5.According to the passage, in order to maintain an internal steady state called homeostasis,（）.

Both versions of the myth 一 the West as a place of escape from society and the West as a stage on which the moral conflicts confronting society could be played out — figured prominently in the histories and essays of young Theodore Roosevelt，the paintings and sculptures of artist Frederic Remington, and the short stories and novels of writer Owen Wister. These three young members of the eastern establishment spent much time in the West in the 1880s, and each was intensely affected by the adventure. All three had felt thwarted by the constraints and enervating influence of the genteel urban world in which they had grown up, and each went West to experience the physical challenges and moral simplicities extolled in the dime novels. When Roosevelt arrived in 1884 at the ranch he had purchased in the Dakota Badlands, he at once bought a leather scout’s uniform, complete with fringed sleeves and leggings. Each man also found in the West precisely what he was looking for. The frontier that Roosevelt glorified in such books as The Winning of the West (four volumes, 1889-1896), and that the prolific Remington portrayed in his work, was a stark physical and moral environment that stripped away all social artifice and tested an individual’s true ability and character. Drawing on a popular version of English scientist Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory, which characterized life as a struggle in which only the fittest and hast survived, Roosevelt and Remington exalted the disappearing frontier as the last outpost of an honest and true social order.This version of the frontier myth reached its apogee in Owen Wister’s enormously popular novel The Virginian (1902)，later reincarnated as a 1929 Gary Cooper movie and a 1960s television series. In Wister’s tale the elemental, physical and social environment of the Great Plains produces individuals like his unnamed cowboy hero, “the Virginian”，an honest, strong, and compassionate man, quick to help the weak and fight the wicked. The Virginian is one of nature’s aristocrats — ill-educated and unsophisticated but uptight, steady, and deeply moral. The Virginian sums up his own moral code in describing his view of God’s justice: “He plays a square game with us.” For Wister, as for Roosevelt and Remington, the cowboy was the Christian knight on the Plains, indifferent to material gain as he held virtue, pursued justice, and attacked evil.Needless to say, the western myth in all its forms was far removed from the actual reality of the West. Critics delighted in pointing out that no one scene in The Virginian actually showed the hard physical labor of the cattle range. The idealized version of the West also glossed over the darker underside of frontier expansion — the brutalities of Indian warfare, the forced removal of the Indians to reservations, the racist discrimination against Mexican-Americans and blacks, the risks and perils of commercial agriculture and cattle growing, and the boom-and-bust mentality rooted in the selfish exploitation of natural resources.1.Which of the following is probably the main reason for the author to mention Theodore Roosevelt, Frederic Remington and Owen Wister?2.Which of the following statements best describes The Virginian？3.According to the passage, which of the following statements regarding the myth of the West isNOT true?4.The author’s primary purpose in writing the passage is （）5.What is probably the reason for people to make up a legendary West?

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