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A recent advertisement for Google Chrome showed a series of important events in a child’s life, each one belonging to a different part the Internet—the first steps on YouTube; birthday e-mails; Face book photos of teenage parties. The message was clear: a life can now be fully expressed through the Internet.This, of course, has a significant effect on how we remember things. Online, major events and experiences can be read about—and with video, watched—again and again. Computers and the Internet, rather than offering something new, combine all our technological means of artificial memory—text, sound and image—to create a synthesis that can recall memories more intensely than anything before.

Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent misconceptions.（46）the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is（47）by your ability to solve complex problems, to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of（48）asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self fulfillment. It（49）a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have（50）to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline, is “intelligent”.（51）mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day an each present moment of every day.If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it’s worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem（52）is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or（53）a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness,（54）you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon（55）the big N.B.D.—Nervous Break Down.“Intelligent” people do not have N. B. D.’s because they are in（56）of themselves. They know how to choose happiness（57）depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of（58）lives.You can begin to think of yourself（59）truly intelligent on the basis of（60）you choose to feel（61）the face of difficult circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has（62）difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of（63）it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which（64）problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make（65）to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while other collapse or have an N. B. D. Those who recognized problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also the most rare.

Recently, Congressional Democrats introduced legislation to make it easier for older workers to win age discrimination lawsuits. Age discrimination remains a significant work place issue.In recent ten years, 15.79 percent of cases brought to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, were described at successful claims. While this number is small given the number of workers covered by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, many, if not most, instances of age discrimination are never sued, and cases of hiring discrimination often go undetected.Most of those who do sue are white, male middle-mangers who are likely to have lost a sizeable salary and pension. For the most part, other groups do not sue because the costs of a lawsuit outweigh the potential benefits. Age discrimination remains a significant workplace issue.There is strong experimental evidence for age discrimination in hiring at least for entry level jobs. Recently, I performed a labor market experiment in Boston in which I sent out thousands of resumes for fictitious(虚构的) entry level female candidates and measured response rate based on date of high school graduation. Among this group, younger applicants, whose date of high school graduation indicated that they were less than 50 years old, were 40 percent more like to be called back for an interview than were older applicants.It is difficult to tell whether employment problems are worse for older worker that for other workers when times are bad. The number of discrimination lawsuits increases during times of high unemployment, but this finding by itself does not indicate an increased level of age discrimination. In times of higher unemployment, the opportunity cost to a lawsuit is lower than it is when times are good.From the employer’s perspective, mass layoffs may seem like a good chance to remove a higher proportion of generally more expensive older workers without the worry of being sued. On the other hand, employers may be less likely to remove protected older workers because they still fear lawsuits. One thing we do know is that once an older worker loses a job, he or she is much less likely to find a new job than a younger worker is.Unfortunately, the effect of legislation prohibiting age discrimination is not easy to see and may actually be part of the reason it is so difficult for older workers to find employment. If it is more difficult to fire an older worker than a younger worker, a firm will be less likely to want to hire older workers. Indeed, my research finds that in states where workers have longer time to bring a lawsuit claim, older men work fewer weeks per year, are less likely to be hired, and less likely to be fired than men in states where they do not have as much.Not many people would suggest that we go back to a world prior to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, in which advertisements specify the specific ages of people they are willing to hire. However, legislation prohibiting discrimination is no panaceas(万灵药). The recently proposed congressional legislation could have both positive and negative effects on potential older workers.41. A lot of cases of age discrimination are not known because（）.42. The labor market experiment in Boston shows that（）.43. What may lead to the increase of discrimination lawsuits during times of high unemployment?44. From the last paragraph, we learn that（）.45. The author is（）when he analyzes the age discrimination issue.

At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence, but at this age the likelihood of death is least. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable; later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance which, though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us.This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and disease we shall eventually “die of old age”, and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer—on into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor with time, of becoming more likely to die the odder we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing out of a pair of shoes. They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things “wear out”.Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact run out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (热力学)(whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present). But these are not analogous to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable what it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself—it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. We could, at one time, repair ourselves—well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power, an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.36. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?37. The word “it” in the last sentence of Paragraph Two refers to（）.38. What is ageing?39. What do the example of watch show?40. Which of the following best fits the style of this passage?

Things have really changed. Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. Recruiters, once denounced by antiwar students as “baby killers” and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elite universities. ROTC (Reserve Officer’s Training Corps) programs that faltered during the Viet Nam era, when protesters were firebombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. The military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications.Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student loans offered by the military. Students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand a salary of $60,000 a year. Military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available, free medical service, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit is $574; for a sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years’ service it is $2,305. The services slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walking down the school hallways chanting ‘Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,’ just like in the commercials. And many military officials feel that the key difference is the enhanced patriotism among the nation’s youth. There is a return to the view that the military is an honorable profession. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over. Recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101% of authorized goals. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.The military academics are also enjoying prosperous years, attracting more and better-qualified students. Compared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, the service schools are a real bargain not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a mouth. It is reported 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this year’s freshman class. Military academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the country.Nationwide, ROTC enrollment exceeds 105,000, a 64% increase over the 1974 figure. In the mid 70’s, the ROTC students refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule if they did. Now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice. To them, Viet Nam is ancient history, something the old folks talk about.31. What is the main idea of this passage?32. What was the attitude of the students in 1970’s towards the military?33. The phrase “come out” is closest in meaning to（）.34. Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students?35. According to the ending paragraph what are student’s attitude toward their classmates wearing uniforms to class?

New Chinese first lady Peng Liyuan’s choice of attire has sparked a flurry of excitement over an independent homegrown label, an unusual phenomenon in a country where political figures are more frumpy than fashionable and wives usually shy away from the spotlight.Images of Peng, 50, stepping off a plane arm-in-arm with her husband President Xi Jinping in Moscow on Friday have circulated widely on the Chinese Internet, prompting praise of her style as understated and sophisticated.Eagle-eyed fashion-savvy bloggers identified the leather handbag she carried and smart, double-breasted black trench coat she wore as items designed by Guangzhou-based label Exception. The brand has been described as one of China’s leading independent labels whose simple but unique designs stand out in an industry dominated by Western copycats.“First ladies are ambassadors of the culture and the design and of the soft power of a country. I’m glad that she chose to wear Chinese and take up that role of spokesperson for Chinese design here,” said Hong Huang, publisher of the fashion magazine Look and one of the most popular microbloggers in China.Hong said it was too early to tell if Peng’s high-profile public appearance signaled that she would be playing a more significant role in Chinese politics than her predecessors, who—unlike many of their Western counterparts—have been largely unseen. “It’s good that finally China has a very pretty, very beautiful first lady and she can hopefully speak up for a lot more and complement whatever Xi wants to say, in way, like all first ladies do.”Online retailers have sought to associate their products with what news portals (门户网站) are terming the “Peng Liyuan style,” with searches for those key words resulting in lists of handbags and trench coats, many of which did not even resemble the items she wore. Heavy online traffic to Exception’s website has caused it to crash since Friday, with it loading only sporadically on Monday.The impact Peng, a celebrated performer on state television, is having on fashion bears some similarity to trends sparked by Britain’s duchess of Cambridge, the former Kate Middleton, who helped bring Brazilian-born designer Issa to the world’s attention before her marriage to Prince William. American first lady Michelle Obama has also lent cachet to designer Jason Wu by wearing a gown he custom-made to last month’s inauguration.Exception was founded in the mid-nineties by a couple who shared a love of design and the rock band The Ramones, according to Hong. Chief executive Mao Jihong, one of the co-founders, could not be reached on his cell phone. The label has expanded to become a high-end brand with nearly 100 stores and retail counters in China.Despite Exception’s public silence, commentators in China’s fashion world are celebrating the attention on the label and, more significantly, the rise of the profile of a popular first lady.26. According to passage, what does the word “attire” in Para.1 probably mean?27. According to the passage, which of the following would the news media NOT use to describe Peng Liyuan?28. What of the following is implies in Para. 6?29. What do Exception, Issa and Jason Wu have in common according to Para.7?30. What would be a good title for this passage?

（）wins the competition gets to travel the world for a year, all expenses paid.

All the data sent back from the satellites suggested that an asteroid of about the size of an auditorium（）on its way to our planet.

Weather（）, we would like to have a picnic together by the meadow.

Perhaps you didn’t quite understand the movie and then left before finishing it.（）the case, I think this little pamphlet may be of some help.

What would you（）if you had been there at the time of the accident?

Jane Goodall spent decades in the wild（）chimpanzees, much of the time all by herself.

（）morbidly aggressive person, he would regard even a stare as some kind of intrusion.

Hardly（）opened the letter（）rushed out of the house, wild with joy.

（）I want to make it a success, there are quite a number of obstacles in our way.

Fraser blogged about his trip, which seems to have been a fact-finding mission involving him, turning up（）at various primary and high school classes to see what the students are being taught.

It was a scene that would stay forever in his mind: the father holding his son above the water, himself slowly（）in the lake, desperately awaiting rescue.

On top of the barren hill（）a pagoda, which wasn’t really that tall when seen on level ground. Viewed at the foot of the hill, however, it sure seemed like a little Tower of Babel.

It was so scorchingly hot that the water droplets falling on it didn’t stay at all. They just（）.

Ang Lee won the Best Director Oscar at the 2013 Oscars Awarding Ceremony for his surreal film Life of Pi. This was his fourth Oscar（）, and second wins.

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