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The expression “haste makes waste” does not（）to reading.

Staying in a hotel costs（）renting a room in a dormitory for a week.

He doesn’t drive yet, but he wants（）.

You will hardly believe it, but this is the third time tonight someone（）me.

The fox watched them（）from the safety of a nearby field.

“Jimmy wants to stay up and watch an old movie on TV.” “Ten o’clock is（）for a boy of his age to stay up.”

Only after he has acquired considerable facility in speaking（）.

Weather（）, the picnic will be held as scheduled.

The inventor（）his original design in order to increase the machine’s efficiency to a higher level.

For passengers, ships have the advantage of（）cheaper than trains or airplanes.

（）outside in the street, the man was sent to hospital at once.

Low-carbon becomes a high-frequency and fashionable word which gets the greatest concern in the world after the promulgation of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol. Meanwhile, a series of related words, such as low-carbon economy, low-carbon technology, low-carbon lifestyle, low-carbon society, low-carbon city and so on, comes with the tide of fashion. Low-carbon life is also one of the hot topics in National People’s Congress (CNPC) and National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in 2010.Write an article of no less than 250 words on the topic of “How Can We Live a Low-carbon Life?”

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.The really critical implication of the discovery still lies with the door that geneticists have opened on the environmental influences of our behavior, our personalities and our health, and for the critical blow it strikes the idea of biological determinism.41. For the past decade, the public has witnessed a rising epidemic of tales of discoveries of genes that dispose humanity to homosexuality, to alcoholism, to political persuasion, to running ability, and to artistic taste.But even before yesterday’s revelations by Venter, scientists had stopped believing in the gay gene. Yet belief in its existence still persists among the public. 42. The assault on biological determinism that geneticists have now triggered will be timely, and human nature is a lot more complex and intriguing than determinists have given it credit for.It has become increasingly fashionable for individuals particularly in the United States to blame actions and crimes on the influence of their genes. Several US defendants accused of violent crimes have argued that they were innocent victims of their genes. 43. In other words, genetic predestination could soon have been used to excuse murder or robbery—if it had not been for this discovery that we lack the genes to thus dispose us!Kevin Davies is the author of “The Sequence”, a story of the human genome race. He said. 44. “There has been a recent study on perfect pitch, the ability to know the absolute pitch of a musical note, that strongly suggests that is acquired through the inheritance of a single gene.” “That may sound like a clear-cut piece of biological determinism. However, there is a crucial corollary you have to be exposed to early musical training for the ability to materialize. In other words, even in seemingly simple inherited abilities, nurture has a role to play.”And then there is the case quoted by Venter. Take the example of colon (结肠)cancer. People say there is a gene that predisposes us to the disease. And certainly it runs in families. 45. However, it is only the colon where we find all sorts of toxins and bacteria that provide the harsh circumstances that finally cause that gene to break down and for cancer to spread.In short, it is not a colon cancer gene but a gene that affects our ability to respond to the environment. And that is what human nature is all about.

Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education — not to pursue Knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual;” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance—’’ Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Sherries; “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and Professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urge have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized — going to school and learning to read — so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of（）.38. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are（）.39. Emerson, according to the text, is probably（）.40. What does the author think of intellect?

In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain: trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes: still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the 2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.31. According to those who support mergers railway, monopoly is unlikely because（）.32. What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that（）.34. The word “arbiters” (Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those（）.35. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by（）.

Studies of the effect that makes many of us slumber or feel sleepy during the queen’s Speech on Christmas Day have revealed that changes may be required in Britain’s drink drive legislation.Dr. James Horne, director of the Sleep Research Laboratory at Loughborough University, is investigating pose-lunch sleepiness. “We humans are designed to sleep twice a day, once at night and a short nap after lunch, but in this part of the world we tend to repress that.”It is a remnant of the same primeval programming that makes all animals in the bush rest in the hot afternoon sun to conserve energy.“Hot environments make it worse and many cultures living near the equator”, says Dr. Home, “have conceded to the inevitable, where the afternoon siesta is the way of life.”In this study Dr. Home has been investigating the role of alcohol. “The theory is that if you are more sleepy after lunch then it figures that alcohol will be more potent after lunch. One would figure then that a pint of beer at lunchtime has more effect than in the evening, when people are more alert. Indeed, we find that it has about twice the effect.”This has more sinister implications. “If people take alcohol up to the legal driving limit, their performance is seriously impaired after lunch.” He said.It seems that alcohol interacts with the circadian rhythm of sleep to cause afternoon sleepiness, so that one pint at lunch-time is equivalent, in effect, to a quart in the evening.“For this reason most drivers ought not to drink at all at lunchtime and the legal blood alcohol limit is no guide to safe driving here.” said Dr. Horne.For those who wish to enjoy the Queen’s speech, Dr. Home recommends mild exercise, a splash of cold air or cold water on the face, or a cup of coffee. Otherwise, take a cat nap. But this should be less than 15 minutes. “Otherwise, sleep really sets in and one can wake up feeling very groggy and far sleepier than to be in with.”26. It is implied that British people （）.27.（）take a rest in the hot afternoon sun.28. Most drivers ought not to drink at all at lunch time because（）.29. According to the passage, if you sleep more than 15 minutes after lunch,（）.30. It can be inferred that（）.

As the post-Enron wave of corporate scandals washed over America last year, a common response in Europe was: it couldn’t happen here. Far from having the world’s best-policed markets, the United States, many European politicians claimed, suffered uniquely from a lethal combination of greedy and overpaid bosses: conflicted auditors and investment bankers, reliance on accounting rules not principles, and an obsession with quarterly profit numbers. In America, as many as 1,200 companies have been forced to restate their accounts in the past five years, in Europe the number is barely in double digits. So it is outrageous, many Europeans now argue, that America is seeking to impose the unwieldy Sarbanes-Oxley act, passed in the wake of Enron, on European companies listed in New York.As more sensible European regulators recognize, this smugness was never justified; it is only necessary to recall scandals such as Vivendi and Elan. But Europe’s claim of immunity from corporate slackness has now been blown out of the water by this week’s revelations that Royal Ahold of the Netherlands overstated its profits for 200-02 by as much as $500m. The company’s Amsterdam-based auditors, Deloitte & Touche, failed to pick the problems up in 2001, even though worries about Ahold’s accounts were widely expressed in the markets for most of last year. The Dutch market regulator admitted this week that it had no powers of discipline over faulty auditing.What about the relative numbers of restatements? Because America’s GAAP accounting system relies on thousands of pages of rules, it is more vulnerable to manipulation than Europe’s more principles-based approach. But given the largely non-existent regulation of auditors and the poor corporate governance prevalent in much of Europe: a more plausible conclusion is that Europe has had fewer accounting scandals than America mainly because nobody has seriously looked for them, not because they are not there.This is not to say that Europe should adopt Sarbanes-Oxley in toto. That hastily drafted law was designed for America’s very different system. Many of the law’s rules on managers and boards seem unduly intrusive even for America. But statutory independent regulation of auditors, as prescribed by Sarbanes-Oxley, makes sense everywhere. So do rules to stop accounting firms doing consulting work for audit clients: and it is also worth considering mandatory rotation of auditors.The case for independent regulation is the stronger because European Union companies are due to adopt international accounting standards by 2005. It is little use taking this welcome step towards tougher standards, which the Europeans are urging on America in the interests of global harmonization, if there is nobody to oversee the rules. Yet the European Federation of Accountants admits that, in six EU countries, there is in effect no enforcement at all.21. Which of following it’s true according to Paragraph 1?22. The phrase “in toto” in Paragraph 4 most probably means（）.23. In contrast to American, Europe, in coping with faulty corporate auditing, would attach importance to（）.24. It seem that the ultimate solution to the problem of corporate scandals lies in（）.25. According to the author, the European corporate situation is（）.

During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 percent. Some countries did not（1）enough food: basic needs in housing and clothing were not（2）. Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed countries（3）solutions.（4）, problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized countries. Industry in the developed countries is highly automated and very（5）. It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly（6）workers are needed to（7）and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained,（8）many countries do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the（9）of importing industry become higher. Students must be sent abroad to（10）vocational and professional training.（11）, just to begin training, the students must（12）learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The students then spend many years abroad, and（13）do not return home.All countries agree that science and technology（14）be shared. The point is: countries（15）the industrial processes of the developed countries need to look carefully（16）the costs, because many of these costs are（17）. Students from these countries should（18）the problem of the developed countries closely（19）care, they will take home not the problem of science and technology,（20）the benefits.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Dining at Restaurants using Public Funds in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop its idea in completing the paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 150 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly.1. 据报道，全国每年饭店倾倒的饭盒可供两亿人吃一年。2. 饭店浪费原因多样，公款消费是主因。3. 饭店浪费危害很大，解决好此问题利国利民。

坦白说有压力是我们所有人正常生活状态里的一部分，重要的是我们不能让压力搅乱我们的生活，或者让压力超出了我们的控制范围，即使空闲时间是奢侈的，也请挤出几分钟或几小时放松自己，这是自我爱护的重要的部分，那么你就有了理由，喝杯咖啡或是撤销今晚计划的理由，最终你拥有了属于你自己的空间。

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