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As a country with a long civilized history China is also one big oriental country full of modern vitality, not to mention its unique, rich and varied tourism resources. Besides the picturesque natural scenery, profound history and extensive culture, China embodies the different folk customs of 56 nationalities. Now, there are 29 places that have been listed as World Cultural and Natural Heritages sites. Thanks to the further push by the opening up and reform, China’s modern construction is surging ahead and the cities and the country are experiencing daily changes. The ancient glory of China and its modern boom add radiance and charm to each other, joining to create a most favorable condition for developing our domestic and international tourism.

Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student.（46）a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the（47）in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The（48）student is considered to be（49）who is motivated to learn for the sake of（50）, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned（51）brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is（52）for learning the material assigned. When research is（53）, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with（54）guidance. It is the（55）responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain（56）a university library works; they expect students,（57）graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference（58）in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but（59）that their students should not be（60）dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties（61）teaching, such as administrative or research work（62）, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is（63）. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either（64）a professor during office hours（65）make an appointment.

Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or matured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors.It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. To be good at fighting is to be good in the way which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than be seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed the most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or seriously injured. And while today it is true that people in the streets — while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life — nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. Mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.41. According to the author, which of the following cases may be regarded as an advancement of civilization?42. In the first sentence of paragraph 2, “It is just possible they are” means that（）.43. The author suggests that civilized people should settle disputes by（）.44. In the author’s view, the nations and countries of today（）.45. By the last paragraph, the author implies that（）.

Stress is a state of imbalance between demands made on us from outside sources and our capabilities to meet those demands. Often, it precedes and occurs concurrently with conflict. Stress, as you have seen, can brought on by physical events, other people’s behavior, social situations, our own behavior, feelings, thoughts, or anything that results in heightened bodily awareness. In many cases, when you experience pain, anger, fear, or depression, these emotions are a response to a stressful situation like conflict.Sometimes, in highly stressful conflict situations, we must cope with the stress before we cope with the conflict. Relieving some of the intensity of the immediate emotional response will allow us to become more logical and tolerant in resolving the conflict.People respond differently to conflict just as they response differently to stress. Some people handle both better than others do. Individual differences are not as important as learning how to manage the stress we feel. The goal in stress management is self-control, particularly in the face of stressful events.Controlling physical symptoms of stress requires relaxation. Sit in a comfortable position in a quiet place where there are no distractions. Close your eyes and pay no attention to the outside world. Concentrate only on your breathing. Slowly inhale and exhale. Now, with each inhaled breath say “relax” gently and passively. Make it a relaxing experience. If you use this method to help you in conflict situations over a period of time, the word “relax” will become associated with a sense of physical calm; saying it in a stressful situation will help induce a sense of peace.Controlling your thoughts is the second major element in stress management. Managing stress successfully requires flexibility in thinking. That is, you must consider alternative view. Your current view is causing the stress! You must also keep from attaching too much importance to events, as things may seem less important when viewed in a different way.36. The main point of this reading is that（）.37. Controlling your thoughts always involves（）.38. Human response to stress is（）.39. The author’s primary purpose in writing the selection is to（）.40. Which of the following statements included in the selection most directly supports the writer’s view that stress is controllable?

A growing number of college officials, guidance counselors and education experts would like to eliminate, or sharply curtail(减少) early admission(提前录取)—a process in which many colleges admit a substantial percentage of their students in the fall. Controversy is particularly heated regarding many early admission programs that require applicants to give up the chance to apply elsewhere.Opponents of early admissions offer several criticisms. The practice intensifies an unhealthy level of competition for admission to the nation’s top colleges and universities, they say. Moreover, critics say, early admission unfairly gives a leg up to some applicants, mostly those who already have many advantages-students at elite private schools and wealthy public schools where families and guidance counselors know how to work the angles of the admissions system.The president of Yale University fueled the debate earlier this month by proposing that Yale and other elite institutions consider abandoning the early programs. In a sign of just how competitive the admissions process has become, he said his university could not make such a move alone. Even some students who gain early admission to the colleges they want say the process involves too much pressure, too soon.The use of “early decision” and “early action” programs, which, in different ways, grant admission to students months ahead of the usual spring notifications, has soared in recent years and is at what some say are record highs. Many top private colleges now accept more than a third of their freshman classes in the weeks before Christmas, significantly reducing the number of spots available in the spring. For next year, Stanford already has picked 34% of its freshman class; Yale has chosen 42% of its. The University of Pennsylvania has locked up 49.5% of its entering class.Early admission policies have existed for at least 20 years. But their use—and the controversy around them—has grown in the last decade, especially since the mid-1990s, when Yale, Princeton and Stanford all instituted binding early decision. The programs clearly benefit colleges, allowing schools to lock in talented young scholars and enhance their own standings in the influential college rankings.31. In some people’s opinion, early admissions（）.32. It can be inferred from the passage that（）.33. According to the passage, Yale claimed that（）.34. In recent years, early admissions（）.35. The author’s attitude to early admission is（）.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.The result is assurance. Consumers and producers know that they can enjoy secure supplies and greater choice of the finished products, components, raw materials and services that they use. Producers and exporters know that foreign markets will remain open to them. The result is also a more prosperous, peaceful and accountable economic world. Decisions in the WTO are typically taken by consensus among all member countries and they are approved by members’ parliaments. Trade friction is channeled into the WTO’s dispute settlement process where the focus is on interpreting agreements and commitments, and how to ensure that countries’ trade policies conform with them. That way, the risk of spites spilling over into political or military conflict is reduced. By lowering trade barriers, the WTO’s system also breaks down other barriers between peoples and nations.At the heart of the system-known as the multilateral (多边的) trading system-are the WTO’s agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the world’s trading nations, and approved in their parliaments. These agreements are the legal ground-rules for international commerce. Essentially, they are contracts, guaranteeing member countries important trade rights. They also bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits to everybody’s benefit. The agreements were negotiated and signed by governments. But goal is to improve the welfare of the peoples of the member countries.26. In the last paragraph, the world “bind” could best be replaced by（）.27. Member countries can enjoy all the assurance except（）.28. Trade conflict among member countries can be handled（）.29. Which of the following statements is not true about WTO agreements?30. The author writes this passage to（）.

Mr. Smith had an unusual（）: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.

They hurried to the theatre（）that the play had already begun.

The Bank of China is interested in how much money is in（）in the economy.

Standing at the top of the mountain, we watched the fog（）from the valley below; it seemed that we had entered a fairyland.

The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words which are never used outside the subject or field（）.

You don’t have to take all the courses if you have no interest in them. They are（）.

Martin Luther King（）himself as a nonviolent civil rights leader who was respected greatly by the American Black.

The boy who is talking with your teacher is（）an athlete.

I’d rather you（）by train, because I can’t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.

While I was reading in the sun, a drowsy feeling（）over me, so I had to go back into the house.

The most dangerous enemy is one who smiles at you but（）hatred in the heart.

The unemployed man is（）about streets with a cigar in his hand and a miserable feeling in mind.

There were two small rooms in the beach house,（）served as a kitchen.

The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them（）every night this week.

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