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_____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.

I don’t think he is to blame, _____?

She took him _____ and led him across the road.

My father never gave me _____.

The simple wooden house sits in an unremarkable old neighborhood in an Osaka suburb, the kind of place people forget still exists in modern Japan. There are no pachinko parlors or cyber cafes—no shops of any kind, really. It’s an unlikely place to encounter the next version of Japan’s technological evolution. But listen to what happens when a gray-haired septuagenarian named Kazuko Komiyama returns after visiting friends, “Welcome home,” a voice chirps. “Isn’t it a nice day?”The high-pitched greeting belongs to a robot. It’s a simple machine, to be sure. This isn’t a thoughtful robotic character like those found in a Star Wars movie, or like Japan’s own popular creation Astro Boy. But it’s a robot nonetheless: a chocolate-brown wombat that eventually will be able, to flutter its eyes when Komiyama, 77, enters the room and giggle when she scratches its fuzzy little head. It tells her what the weather is like. It reminds her when it’s time to take her medicine. It sings sweet songs to her.For Komiyama, a mechanical companion is a guard against the dreadful loneliness many elderly Japanese must endure. She saw one such tragic story on a TV news show recently. “An old man’s death went unnoticed because he lived alone,” she says. “Day after day, his diary read, ‘I didn’t meet anybody today. Again.’ I don’t want to end up like that.” So when welfare workers from the Osaka suburb of Ikeda asked for volunteers to test the prototype of Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.’s pet robot, she jumped at the chance. She keeps the robot sitting in her living room. After a month, she’s starting to warm-up to the thing, despite one irritating habit “It speaks with a childish voice,” she complains. “That makes me feel like I’m treated as an old person. I would rather have an equal relationship with a robot.”This is modern Japan, a Gizmo Nation where even grandmothers make friends with their gadgets. For half a century, the Japanese have made it a cultural mission to turn out a succession of cool, elegant and increasingly human machines. And what machines they have become: robotic geishas; headgear that projects computer screens in midair in front of wearers’ eyes; toilets that measure a person’s weight, body fat and urine sugar levels. The country that gave the world transistor radios, the Walkman and hand-held video games is now positioned to turn its love of gadgetry into a profitable national enterprise once again.1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ___.2. Who giggles after Komiyama comes into the room according to the passage?3. We can infer from the third paragraph that nowadays many old people in Japan are _.4. The phrase “warm-up to” in the third paragraph can be most likely replaced by ___.5. Which of the following is not mentioned as one of the roles the robots can play?

Culture cannot be simply a matter of politics, of course. [1] Politics, after all, is concerned with influencing the institutions of the state and these are of limited use in affecting the culture. Not even the totalitarian state has been able to achieve the cultural goals it set itself, the democratic state is an even less likely agent of cultural change, and indeed, in the American tradition of democracy, it should not aim to be that. Consequently, a cultural agenda cannot be a political agenda only. It will have to be pursued in many different institutions, most importantly in the institutions of civil society. All the same, every one of the major cultural issues is also a political issue, because of the way in which the immense powers of the state have been used to promote various ideological purposes. The courts have played a quite deplorable role in this. [2] Not surprisingly, then touch of American politics in recent decades has been over the so-called “social” or “values” issues, which in effect are cultural issues. That is, these issues have involved conflicts over the questions of who we are and how we are to live together.[3] The dynamics of the two-party system has been very unhelpful in the search for viable positions on the middle ground. [4] Since the early nineteen-seventies the Democratic Party has almost completely identified itself with the agenda of the cultural Left (considerably less so with other Left positions, such as those on economic or foreign policy). Given the importance of highly organized pressure groups, especially in the primary process, the captivity of the Democratic Party to the culture of “the sixties” has been massive. The Republican picture is hardly more encouraging. An increasingly vocal segment of that party’s constituency has taken radically anti-“progressive” positions on the cultural issues. And again, these groups have had an influence far beyond their numerical strength because of their strategic role in the mechanics of elections, especially on tile primary level. [5] Consequently, individuals taking less than “politically correct” positions, as defined by the respective orthodoxies, have found themselves to be pariahs in either party. It is safe to assume that both Democratic and Republican leaders have catered to these polarized groupings in a more or less cynical manner. [6] Thus, for instance, traditionally Democratic labor officials are not very credible when they express enthusiasm for gay rights, neither are “country-club” Republicans when they voice outrage over abortion or the decline of sexual morality.1. According to the passage, “every one of the major cultural issues is also a political issue” owing to the fact that ___.2. The author deems that _.3. All of the following statements about the two-party system are implied in the passage EXCEPT that _.4. The passage is mainly concerned with _.5. The word “credible” in the last sentence probably means ___.

Paintings are static. The uniqueness of the experience of looking at a painting repeatedly—over a period of days or years—is that, in the midst of flux, the image remains changeless. Of course the significance of the image may change, as a result of either historical or personal developments, but depicted is unchanging the same milk flowing from the same jug, the waves on the sea with exactly the same formation unbroken, the smile and the face which have not altered.One might be tempted to say that paintings preserve a moment. Yet on reflection this is obviously untrue. For the moment of a painting, unlike a moment photographed, never existed as such. And so a painting cannot be said to preserve it.If a painting “stops”, time, it is not, like a photograph, preserving a moment of the past from the supersession of succeeding moments. I am thinking of the image within the frame, the scene which is depicted. Clearly if one considers an artist’s life-work or the history of art, one is treating paintings as being, partly, records of the past, evidence of what has been. Yet this historical view, whether used within a Marxist or idealist tradition, has prevented most art experts from considering—or even noticing—the problem of how time exists (or does not) within painting.In early Renaissance art, in paintings from non-European cultures, in certain modern works, the image implies a passage of time. Looking at it, the spectator sees before, during and after. The Chinese sage takes a walk from one tree to another, the carriage runs over the child, the nude descends the staircase. And this of course has been analyzed and commented upon. Yet the ensuing image is still static whilst referring to the dynamic world beyond its edges, and this poses the problem of what is the meaning of that strange contrast between static and dynamic. Strange because it is both so flagrant and so taken for granted.Painters themselves practise a partial answer, even if it remains unformulated in words. When is a painting finished? Not when it finally corresponds to something already existing—like the second shoe of a pair—but when the foreseen ideal moment of it being looked at is filled as the painter feels or calculates it should be filled. The long or short process of painting a picture is the process of constructing the future moments when it will be looked at. In reality, despite the painter’s ideal, these moments cannot be entirely determined. They can never be entirely filled by the painting. Nevertheless the painting is entirely addressed to these moments.Whether the painter is a hack or a master makes no difference to the “address” of the painting. The difference is in what a painting delivers; in how closely the moment of its being looked at, as foreseen by the painter, corresponds to the interests of the actual moments of its being looked at later by other people, when the circumstances surrounding its production (patronage, fashion, ideology) have changed.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?2. What does the pronoun it in the last line of the 4th paragraph refer to?3. When is a painting finished according to the author?4. It can be inferred from the text that _.5. The best title for this text might be _.

Hurricanes form over the tropical oceanic regions where the Sun heats huge masses of moist air. An ascending spiral motion results, in the same manner as described in tornado formation. When the moisture of the rising air condenses, the latent heat provides additional energy and more air rises up the column. This latent heat is a chief source of the hurricane’s energy and is readily available from the condensation of the moist air of its source region.Unlike the tornado, a hurricane gains energy from its source region. [1] As more and more air rises, the hurricane grows, accompanied by clouds and increasing winds that blow in a large spiral around a relatively calm, low-pressure center the eye of the hurricane. The eye may be 20 to 30 miles wide, and ships sailing into this area have found that it is usually calm and clear with no indication of the surrounding storm. The air pressure is reduced 6-8% (to about 28 in of Hg) near the eye. Hurricanes move rather slowly at a few miles per hour.[2] Covering broad areas, hurricanes can be particularly destructive. There we winds of at least 74 mi/h; but these can be much greater, up to 120-130 mi/h, which are very dangerous. Mobile homes are particularly vulnerable to hurricane winds. The greatest threat from a hurricane’s winds comes from their cargo of debris—a deadly barrage of flying missiles such as lawn furniture, signs, roofing, and metal siding.Hurricane winds do much damage, but drowning is the greatest cause of hurricane deaths. [3] As the eye of the hurricane comes ashore or “makes landfall”, a great dome of water called a storm surge, often over 50 mi wide, comes sweeping across the coastline. It brings huge waves and storm tides that may reach 25ft or more above normal. The rise may come rapidly, flooding coastal lowlands. Nine out of ten hurricane casualties are caused by the storm surge. The torrential rains that accompany the hurricane produce sudden flooding as the storm moves inland. As its winds diminish, rainfall floods constitute the hurricane’s greatest threat.Once cut off from the warm ocean, the storm begins to die, starved for water and heat energy, and cragged apart by friction as it moves over the land. Even though a hurricane weakens rapidly as it moves inland, the remnants of the storm can bring 6-12 in. of rain or more to the areas they cross. [4] For example, Hurricane Diane of 1955 caused little damage as it moved into the Gulf coastal area; but long after its winds subsided, it brought floods to Pennsylvania, New York, and New England that killed 200 persons and cost an estimated $700 million in damage. In 1972, Hurricane Agnes fused with another storm system, flooding creek and river basins in the Northeast with more than a foot of rain in less than 12 hours, killing 117 people, and causing almost $3 billion damage.1. The subject in this passage is ___.2. In Paragraph 1, the word “latent” means _.3. If the author were delivering this passage orally, his or her tone of voice would probably be ___.4. What does the sentence in Paragraph 4 “Nine out of ten...” do in relation to the sentence “Hurricane winds do...”?5. Which of these statements would the author support?

Do governments really assign and enforce property rights? Despite the fact that Registries of Deeds now record land ownership of every square inch of North American territory, it is obvious: hat these rights have not always existed. [1] In 1785, the U.S. Congress was busily assigning unclaimed land to the construction of public schools in the Northwest Territory; later to the construction of railroads in the West. Today, most land is claimed, but national governments and international agencies alike are busily creating new rights in other types of scarce resources such as the electromagnetic spectrum or the geostationary arc.[2] The electromagnetic spectrum, popularly called the airwaves, is an immense range of frequencies (radio waves, microwaves, visible light, X-rays, gamma rays, and more) that are converted by many for voice communication, navigation, data transmission, and the like. Almost all currently available frequencies are being used by someone, and the unchecked arrival of new users would lead to serious overcrowding and bad reception for all. But new arrivals keep coming and thus create an airwaves gridlock. These would-be users include the obvious: AM and FM radio stations as well as VHF and UHF television companies. They include people engaged in airplane, boat, car, and railroad communications, and others building cellular phone companies and satellite navigation systems. [3] They also include energy companies wanting to relay safety information from remote pipeline monitors, makers of high-definition television, and scientists with radio telescopes waiting for messages from extraterrestrials. Most of all, they include the users of millions of gadgets, such as baby monitors, cordless phones, garage door openers, pagers, TV remote controls, and ultrasonic denture cleaners. The jammed airwaves problem came to a head in 1990 when UPS, the largest private package carrier in the United States, decided to outfit its 55,000 trucks with radio receivers and transmitters so customers could be given up-to-the-second information about deliveries. The Federal Communications Commission allocated a frequency to UPS that had been used by ham radio operators, which caused many problems. The 170,000 member American Radio Relay League picketed federal buildings in major cities across the land. It deluged the FCC, the Congress, and the White House with angry letters, and it challenged the FCC action in court. Two congressmen quickly introduced the Emerging Telecommunications Technology Act. It would take 200 megahertz of spectrum from the military (in light of the end of the Cold War) and distribute this “peace dividend” to civilian users. President Bush, in turn, chided the FCC for practically giving away scarce frequencies and included in the 1991 budget $3 billion of revenue from selling a portion of the airwaves to would-be owners. [4] While the FCC had been charging favored recipients nominal annual license fees, the average sales price of AM and FM radio stations in the 1980s came to $1.24 million, that of VHF and UHF television stations was $21.52 million. Sixty percent of these prices were attributable solely to the FCC license.1. The subject of this passage may be said to be ___.2. In Paragraph 1, the word “spectrum” means “_”.3. If the author were delivering this passage orally, his or her tone of voice would probably be _.4. Which of these statements would the author support?5. The last sentence in Paragraph 1 (“Today, most...”) suggests that the author’s purpose is to ___.

The longitudinal study demonstrates that students who receive ESL (English as a second language) instruction are far better than those taught primarily in their native language. A comparison of the three-year exit rates for students in ESL and bilingual programs shows that those who receive ESL instruction test out faster and in higher percentages than those who receive instruction in their native language, regardless of the grade in which they entered school. For example, 79.3 percent of the children who entered ESL programs in kindergarten tested out, while only 51.5 percent of those who received their education in their native languages did. Likewise, 72.9 percent of the LEP (limited English proficiency) students who entered programs in the first grade tested out, while only 38.5 of those in bilingual programs did. For students who entered LEP programs in the ninth grade, 91.6 percent of those in native-language instruction classes still hadn’t tested out after three years, as compared with 78.1 percent of those in ESL classes.Furthermore, children who had been in ESL classes tested 4 higher in English and math once they exited LEP programs than those who had received native-language instruction. Of the LEP students who entered in kindergarten or the first grade, 49 percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually read at grade level, while only 32 percent of those who had been in bilingual classes performed that well. In math, the statistics are even more impressive. Of the children who entered in kindergarten or the first grade, more than 69 percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually performed at grade level or above, as opposed to 54 percent of those who had been in bilingual classes.Naturally, the study provoked a barrage of criticism from the highly political and vocal bilingual lobby, which prompted the New York City Board of Education to issue a paper in November 1994 mitigating the findings of the study and ignoring the distinction between students in ESL and bilingual education programs. Rather than exit rates, this paper focuses on the achievement of LEP students during the period in which they are in bilingual or ESL classes. The authors show that although the scores of LEP students were below average on the English-language test, their scores in all areas showed improvement; they point out that in math, there were insufficient data on the progress of LEP students to draw valid conclusions.However, a report on citywide mathematics test results in New York in the spring of 1995 deals more fully with the math scores of the 26, 248 students who were examined the previous school year in Chinese, Spanish, or Haitian Creole. According to this document, only 16.6 percent of these children were performing at or above grade level in mathematics. Although this figure represents an improvement of 1.1 percent over the scores of the previous year, it discredits the argument that native-language instruction keeps performing at grade level in subject are areas. Although LEP students are improving faster than the national norm, they continue to perform far below the norm.1. This text is mainly ___.2. From Paragraph 1 we learn that _.3. The author believes (Paragraph 2) that _.4. It can be inferred that the paper mentioned in Paragraph 4 _.5. According to the NY 1995 report, it is unbelievable that ___.

Directions: “Go West, Young Man” was a popular saying of the 19 century in the United States, referring to opportunities on the frontier. Today in China, there is also a great need for patriotic and energetic young people to go west and make contributions to the western region development. Write on the Answer Sheet an essay of about 150 words to discuss the significance of the development of West China. The suggested title is Go West, Revitalize Our Nation.

Translate the following sentences into English.1. 成都是一座来了就不想走的城市。2. 莫贪意外之财，莫饮过量之酒。3. 老弱病残孕专座。4. 作为求职者，过于随性的穿着会严重影响你被录用的几率。5. 调查表明，很少有人能够完全献身于自己的事业。

Translate the following passage into Chinese.To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief.It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry trifling things at the weekend.

You probably know that it’s better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one that7 s been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local supermarket (or farmer’s market).The explosion in（1）produce and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely（2）development in the food industry. However,（3）still exists about exactly what the organic（4）means.Do you know the difference between a cereal that’s “organic, 100% organic”, and “made with organic（5）? The USDA has clearly defined standards that（6）which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them www.usda.gov.Organic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out（7）another new development in the food world: genetically（8）organisms (GMOs). No one knows for certain the short and（9）effects of these products of gene engineering,（10）there’s a chance they could lead to the（11）creation of “superweeds” or（12）with natural plant stocks, for more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting www.saynotogmos.org.（13）you’re shopping, don’t forget to consider the companies behind the9（14）names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion,（15）the other manufactures its corn flakes via（16）environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use（17）such as www.responsibleshopper.com. They present both the good and bad sides of every company they（18）, and they grade hundreds of companies on social, ethical and environmental issues.Remember: （19）conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change. You can make a difference every time you fill your（20）cart.

He said it would not be all that difficult to reach a peaceful conclusion to the _____.

There was snow everywhere, so that the shape of things was difficult to _____.

The ideological make-up of the unions is now _____ different from what it had been.

His eighth book came out earlier this year and was a(n) _____ bestseller.

On his wanderings he’s _____ Spanish, Italian, French and a smattering of Russian.

_____ touching in O’Henry’s stories is the gallantry with which ordinary people struggle to maintain their dignity.

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