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I hear many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one another’s hands for courage.They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up just by listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in this way is that the crowd is doing it.It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisement what a teenager should have and be. And many of today’s parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a greater barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don’t care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come — with the people who respect you for whom you are. That’s the only kind of popularity that really counts.1.The main purpose of this passage is to tell().2.According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to be themselves, but, in fact, most of them( ).3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?4.The author thinks of advertisements as().5.During the teenage years, one should learn to( ).

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Everyone experiences fear during major crisis — such as fires, automobile accidents, etc. Some people even feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Some of them enjoy talking about their fears while others resent being asked to discuss their personal feelings. Many are aware that they feel anxious but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control one’s own fears — to master anxiety.A number of factors can be mentioned as important in explaining why some people have a fear of flying: early childhood experiences, general sense of security, fear of heights, trust in others, percentage of alcohol in blood, etc. The memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears. But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control.Usually we are able to suppress our feelings so that they do not affect our behavior. But sometimes the tension produced by our fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such time we need to discharge the tension by laughing or crying. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave.Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of mastering our fears.1.To make someone the butt of jokes means( ).2.What is the positive purpose of people’s telling jokes?3.To master anxiety means( )4.According to the author, which of the following is the most important factor triggering the feeling fear?5.According to the concluding paragraph, what is essential to go through the process of mastering one’s fears?  

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Today, cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About 43 percent of the adult men and 31 percent of the adult women in the US smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. 75 percent of the male population and 46 percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives, but 26 percent of these men and 11 percent of the women have stopped smoking. The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group 24-44.Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenaged smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who do not plan to continue their education after high school. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.1.What do we know from the first paragraph?2.What determines a person’s smoking habits?3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?4.What is the smoking situation for women?5.What can we say about teenage smokers?

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It might be supposed that greater efficiency could be achieved if several people worked together to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it.Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there are conflicts arising among members of a group. Problem solving needs the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction, but also permits the orderly, constructive expression of different opinions; much of the leader’s effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group.Although groups may reach a greater number of correct solutions, or may require less time to discover  an answer, their efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone. In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some better solutions will appear. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than a competent individual does. Group members may contribute different resources to a solution that no individual can achieve alone. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single issue, as in making national economic or military policies under the governments. When only one among several solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher probability of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.1.In a group, problem solving needs( ).2.According to the author, it is easier for groups to reach( ) .3.The author thinks that unrestricted suggestions can bring about( ).4.It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in( ).5.According to the author, which of the following statement is TRUE?

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Do you forget to turn off the lights and heaters when you go out of a room? In 2040 it (1 ) not matter. They will turn themselves off and on again when you(2 ). You will choose the temperatures for each room, the lighting and the humidity. A sensor (3 ) the presence of a human (and, with luck, ignore the dog!) and turn the systems on, and when the humans (4) it will turn them off again.The sensors will work through the central home computer and they will do (5 ) more than just turn the fires and lights on and (6 ) for you. They will detect(7 ) electrical appliances, plugs or switches, isolate them (8 ) they cannot harm anyone, and then (9 ) you that they need repair.They will detect fire and if you are out of the (10) , the computer will call the fire brigade. It will also (11) the police (12) the sensors detect(13) intruder. This will not be too difficult (14 )the locks on the outside doors will be electronic. You will open them using your personal card — the one you use for shopping — maybe using a(15) known only to you. It will be (16) to lose the keys, and a housebreaker will have to (17) with the lock or with a window. It is not very difficult to make such tampering and (18) a signal to the computer.The computer will be more than a fireman-policeman-servant. It will be an (19) , and most of your entertainment will come right into your home. It does now, of course, but by 2040“entertainment” will mean much more. For one thing, you will be able to take part (20), rather thanjust watching.

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