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The brave fireman had fought for days before they managed to（）the forest fire.

The another of the book has shown his remarkable keen（）into human nature.

We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be（）and go another day.

Mr. Smith asked his secretary to（） a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.

"This light is too（）for me to read by. Don't we have a bright bulb somewhere?" said the elderly man.

世界人口突破70亿，地球资源日益减少，人们忧心忡忡。中国宣称从1979年计划生育政策实施以来，中国已有效控制了出生率。如果没有计划生育，中国这个人口最多的国家就会多出几千万的人口。事实上，没有一个国家像中国这样大力度地、大规模地执行这项政策。据第六次人口普查报告，中国现在有13.7亿人口。不过，西方社会学家和经济学家一直警告说，再过三十年，中国将成为世界上唯一的在没有进入发达社会之前就面临老龄社会的发展中国家。和欧洲相比，中国面临老龄化危机的进程更快。五年后，中国60岁以上的人口将从现在1.78亿增长到2.21亿。到2050年，中国四分之一的人口将超过65岁。60岁以上的人口有半数是独居老人，这一点是以前不曾想象的，要知道，以前中国人可是四代同堂。现在一个孩子要负担父母两人和祖辈四人，这个倒金字塔对每个人来说都是挑战。越来越多的人移居到城市工作，大城市面临更大的压力，而中小型城市不能给人们提供足够的就业机会。出生于1962年到1972年这十年间的中国人退休后，这种压力会更大。这十年间平均每年有3000万婴儿出生，现在每年却只有600万到700万婴儿出生。国家人口和计划生育委员会没有放开长期的计划生育政策，因为人口过多仍然是中国社会和经济发展面临的主要挑战之一。

The deterioration of the environment, both physically and aesthetically, is most apparent in our cities. The dehumanizing effects of life in the slums and ghettoes particularly, where there is little hope for improving conditions, have often been cited as contributing causes of urban rioting and disturbances. Crime rates usually reach their peak in these neighborhoods. Such symptoms of general psychological maladjustment suggest that modern cities provide a less than ideal environment for human beings.There seems to be abundant evidence that traditional cultural patterns break down in cities, and also that the high numbers of contacts with individuals, not part of one’s circle of regular social acquaintances may lead to mental disturbance defined here merely as behavior generally considered “disturbed” by the majority of the society. It is important to note that antisocial behavior and “mental illness” are found in all cultures, and that indeed the same disorders recognized by Western psychiatrists are found even in primitive peoples. Therefore, we can be reasonably certain that lack of an evolutionarily “natural” environment is not the sole cause of such behavior. Nevertheless, that lack may well serve to aggravate the problems of people living in our most crowded, smoggy, and impersonal metropolises.Stanford psychologist PG Zimbardo has concluded that urban pressures are transforming Americans into potential assassins. He based his conclusions on experimental studies of the connection between anonymity and aggression, and on field studies of vandalism. He noted an estimated 230 violent urban outbreaks in the period 1964-1969, and reported that in 1967 vandals in New York City alone wrecked 360, 000 pay telephones, broke 202, 719 school windows, and did damage to parks and transit systems costing some $ 850, 000. Cars were abandoned on streets of a large city (New York) and a small one (Palo Alto, California) , and secretly watched to see if there was a difference in vandalism between the two localities. The New York car was virtually demolished within three days by 23 separate attacks by looters and vandals, nearly all in view of passersby and during the daytime. The Palo Alto car was not molested for more than a week. How much (if any) of such behavior might be reduced if density were lowered is unknown, but at least the anecdotal evidence seems to indicate that high density is a factor in such problems. Crime rates are some five times as high in urban as in rural areas. Though some of this difference may be due to disparities in reporting, not all of it can be explained on this basis. Rates for violent crimes have been shown to be positively correlated with actual population densities in American cities. This general correlation held for statistics taken in three different years, 1940, 1950, and 1960, in the same cities. The rises in assault and robbery with higher density were particularly striking, although murder and rape both also reflected the trend. Robbery is the only one of the four that does not most commonly occur between acquaintances. Interestingly, crime rates in the suburbs have been rising in the past few years, especially among teenagers from relatively affluent areas, although their crimes are more often acts against property than crimes of violence.1.According to the passage, most often crimes are committed in（）.2.Which of the following statements is TRUE about antisocial behavior and “mental illness”?3.According to PG Zimbardo’s research,（）.4.The writer holds that（）.5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a form of breakdown in urban areas?

Mathematical ability and musical ability may not seem on the surface to be connected, but people who have researched the subject — and studied the brain — say that they are. Research for my book Late-Talking Children drove home the point to me. Three quarters of the bright but speech-delayed children in the group I studied had a close relative who was an engineer, mathematician or scientist and four fifths had a close relative who played a musical instrument. The children themselves usually took readily to math and other analytical subjects — and to music.Black, white and Asian children in this group show the same patterns. However, looking at the large world around us, it is clear that blacks have been greatly over-represented in the development of American popular music and greatly underrepresented in such fields as mathematics, science and engineering.If the abilities required in analytical fields and in music are so closely related, how can there be this great disparity? One reason is that the development of mathematical and other such abilities requires years of formal schooling, while certain musical talents can be developed with little or no formal training, as has happened with a number of well-known black musicians.It is precisely in those kinds of music where one can acquire great skill without formal training that blacks have excelled-popular music rather than classical music, piano rather than violin, blues rather than opera. This is readily understandable, given that most blacks, for most of American history, have not had either the money or the leisure for long years of formal study in music.Blacks have not merely held their own in American popular music. They have played a disproportionately large role in the development of jazz, both traditional and modern. Along string of names comes to mind — Duke Ellington, Scou Joplin, W. C. Handy, Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker...and on and on.None of this presupposes any special innate ability of blacks in music. On the contrary, it is perfectly consistent with blacks, having no more such inborn ability than anyone else, but being limited to being able to express such ability in narrower channels than others who have had the money, the tieand the formal education to spread out over a wider range of music, as well as into mathematics, science and engineering.There is no way of knowing whether Duke Ellington would have become a mathematician or scientist under other circumstances. What is clearer is that most blacks have not had such alternatives available until very recently, as history is measured. Moreover, now that cultural traditions have been established, even those blacks who have such alternatives available today, and who have the inborn abilities to pursue them, may nevertheless continue for some time to follow well-worn paths.1.The author’s research for his book Late-Talking Children showed him that（）.2.It can be concluded from the passage that（）.3.It is known from the passage that Duke Ellington（）.4.The author holds that（）.5.In this passage, the author tries to say that（）.

Got milk? Be very afraid. Or, preferably, a bit skeptical. Some folks are about to try to convince you that milk is toxic. But the real question is, what’s more dangerous to your health: milk, or celebrities and activists embarked on the latest trendy crusade （改革）？ This month marks the publicity- pumped debut of the Anti Dairy Coalition, a band of physicians, self-described “Holly-wood personalities” and others who decry what they call “the health and nutritional risks of consuming dairy products”.The coalition, including its spokes-Jeremiah, writer George Plimpton, would have you believe that milk causes heart disease, cancer infections, asthma, allergies and tuberculosis. Robert Cohen, founder of the ADC （and author of Milk: The Deadly Poison, writes: “The Fountain of Youth and cure to illness can be obtained by giving up milk.”）Hyperbole aside, the ADC is spotlighting a question hotly debated by everyone from nutritionists to parents. Many patients ask doctors whether they should give up milk, like that supermodel they saw interviewed on TV. And to be sure, the ADC’s overwrought claims do have some scientific basis.Take heart disease. Foods like butter, cheese, ice cream and whole milk are packed with saturated fat （饱和脂肪）, which blocks arteries （动脉）and can lead to heart attacks. That’s why most nutritionists advise switching to low-fat or skim milk and eating more yogurt and cottage cheese than Haagen-Dazs and Brie. Even skim milk, though, can trigger allergies in some people, including infants, who in any case will get more iron and other key nutrients from breast milk or formula.So must you flee from milk entirely? Yes, says Cohen, who holds that skim milk is the devil’s brew. It’s full of — are you sitting down? — Protein. And here’s where the ADC starts twisting the facts to reach wild conclusions. Allergies are frequently triggered by proteins （ true; asthma is an allergic condition （true; it’s been increasing dramatically （true; doctors don’t know the cause （true; therefore, the protein in milk must be the culprit （罪魁祸首）？A similar leap of illogic assumes that because women in the Netherlands. Denmark, Norway and Sweden consume lots of milk and also suffer high rates of breast cancer; the former must cause the latter. Another clunker is Cohen’s claim that widespread lactose intolerance （乳糖不耐受）— the inability to digest dairy products — means milk is of little use as a source of calcium. In fact, many cases of lactose intolerance are mild and interfere only slightly with calcium uptake. Many people intolerant of milk can easily digest yogurt. And lactase tablets （乳糖分解酵素片）can make dairy products digestible even in severe cases.If milk isn’t the perfect food, it’s still got some big things going for it. It’s an inexpensive source of calcium, protein, potassium and other vitamins and minerals. And unlike other sources of calcium, such as, say, steamed kale, milk is a food kids will eat. The ADC feels that milk is the root of most human maladies （疾病）, but I can point to other single-issue obsessive who insist the villain is meat or wheat or sugar or some other substance that our species has long and happily consumed. I often learn something by examining their claims. But I keep coining back to the mainstream nutritionists, who emphasize a balanced diet and advise moderation in all things.1.The ADC holds that giving up milk will cause the following diseases EXCEPT（）2.The writer thinks that milk（）.3.It is clear from the passage that（）.4.According to the passage, if you suffer from lactose intolerance（）.5.We can conclude from the passage that the writer is（）.

Television 一 that most pervasive (遍布的)and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth — is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.The word “television”, derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photo conductive plate within a camera) into electronics impulses, which can be sent through a wire or a cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronics system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reached the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provided for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors (传播者)of the news, information and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have not only shaped television but our perception (感觉)as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.1.With which topic is the passage primarily concerned?2.The word “put” （2nd sentence of 2nd Para. ） could best be replaced by which of the following?3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a function of electronics in television transmissions?4.What field of television is intended for specific groups?5.Which of the following statements about the relationship between television and its viewers can best be inferred from the passage?

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first （1 ）, they were like newborn children, unable to use this （2 ）tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future （3 ） and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is （4 ） for our ability to produce and use language. They（5 ） that our highly evolved brain provides us with a(n) （6 ） language ability not found in lower organisms. Supporters of this innateness theory say that our （7 ） for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, as a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical （8 ） times for language development.Current （9 ）of innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence（10 ） the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. Indeed, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in （11 ） grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being （12 ） to them, while adults have a much （13 ） time learning another language once the rules of their first language have become firmly fixed.（14 ） some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been（15 ） from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that （16 ） with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language（17 ） than any innate capacities.These theorists view language （18 ） imitative, learned behavior. （19 ）, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’s language skills by（20 ） reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

I don’t think Johnson will succeed in his new job, for he is not（）to do that type of work.

At the last committee meeting, the motion that the club（）open until midnight was defeated.

Only in recent years（）begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.

The chairman made a (n) （） statement before beginning the main business of the meeting.

The purpose of the official inquiry is to（）the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea.

Only the Chinese have successfully（）pandas and raised their babies in captivity.

They did considerable work to（） the masses of the United States with the elementary problems of Latin America.

Topics of conversation should be（）to the experiences and interests of the students.

One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been（） with the theoretical aspects of the subject.

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