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Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and Quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in “underground” papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and anti-drug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock-music videos on cable television’s MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even though the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention: prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomier’s (1978, p. 150) contention that “if the Pepsi generation can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving” is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a driver's license.1.According to the passage, up to now, anti-drug education（）2.The film ‘Reefer Madness’ mentioned in the passage（）3.The message ‘all drugs are terrible for you’ is not influential because（）4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?5.The best title for the passage would be （）

It might be supposed that greater efficiency should be achieved if several people collaborate to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it. The assumption is by no means invariably true.Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there is a counter-balancing need to contend with conflicts arising among members of a group and to give it coherent directions. Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction but permits the orderly, constructive expression of a variety of opinions; much of the leader’s effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem-solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group. Solutions simply may reflect the presence of an outstanding individual who might perform even better by himself.Although groups may reach a greater number of correct solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their net man-hour efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone.A process called brainstorming has been offered as a method of facilitating the production of new solutions to problems. In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some superior solutions will emerge. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than does a reasonably competent individual. Group members may contribute different (and essential) resources to a solution that no individual can readily achieve alone; such pooling of information and skills can make group achievements superior in dealing with selected problems. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single alternative, as in formulating national economic or military policies under democratic governments. When only one among several alternative solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher probability of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.1.In this passage, the author argues that thinking in groups（）2.The phrase ‘contend with’ in Paragraph Two most probably means （）3.According to the author, compared with an individual, a group （）4.The word ‘brainstorming’ in Paragraph Four roughly means（）5.It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in（）

The ancient Chinese thought comets were celestial brooms wielded by the gods to sweep the heavens free of evil. In the West they were believed to presage the fall of Jerusalem, the death of monarchs and such anomalies as two-headed calves. The Norman Conquest of England was attributed to the 1006 flyby of Halley’s, history’s most famous comet, which has been linked to everything from Julius Caesar’s assassination to the defeat of Attila the Hun. Told that Earth would pass through Halley’s tail during its 1910 visit, many Americans panicked and bought gas masks and “comet pills.”Alan Hale calls these waves of fear and mysticism “comet madness,” and as codiscoverer of Comet Hale-Bopp, he’s seen more than his share. Ever since his find was announced, he has been inundated with inquiries, pronouncements and accusations from the cometary fringe.Hale has found that the arrival of a major comet—especially so near the end of a millennium—is still widely regarded as an omen of upheaval and disaster Several Christian Fundamentalists, he writes in the current issue of Skeptical Inquirer, have proclaimed Hale-Bopp to be one of the “signs of the end times” foretold in the New Testament. They also suggest that the comet might be the object described in Revelation 8:10 as a great star named Wormwood that “fell from heaven, blazing like a torch.” Wormwood, according to the Bible, destroys a third of almost everything: people, land, rivers and seas. Others claim that the comet is some kind of alien mother ship “under intelligent control.”Speculation reached a fever pitch last November when Chuck Shramek, an amateur astronomer based in Houston, Texas, announced on a U.S. radio talk show that he had photographed a “Satum-like object” that seemed to be following in Hale-Bopp's wake. Shramek’s breathless claim elevated Hale-Bopp fantasies from supermarket tabloids to the mainstream press and generated thousands of posts to message boards and astronomy home pages on the Internet. One fast-spreading rumor had it that the object was an alien spacecraft four times the size of Earth.Hale was barraged with reporters’ queries, and in an effort to calm the reporters, he investigated Shramek’s photograph and determined that the “object” in it was an ordinary eighth-magnitude star. After posting his conclusions on the Net, Hale became the target of a flood of hate E-mail, much of it accusing him of being part of a conspiracy to suppress the true nature of Hale-Bopp.Hale acknowledges that it was only natural for our ancestors to be apprehensive about the fiery apparitions in the night sky. But he is impatient with his modem counterparts, who should know better. “I ask readers to treat all these irresponsible reports with the disdain they deserve,” he says, “and instead enjoy the beauty of the comet for its own sake,”1.The best title for this passage would be（）2.Alan Hale’s attitude towards his contemporary astronomers’s reports about newly discovered comets is （）3.Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?4.Judging by the context, the word “inundated” in Paragraph Two most probably means（）5.We can conclude from the passage that（）

Peter and David have not been on speaking terms recently. They（）about something.

Believe it or not, last year Matt earned（）his brother, who has a better position in a big company.

“On no account（）to feed the animals,” the warning can be seen on the signboard in front of every cage.

My friend Paul was badly taken in when he paid $1000 for that second-hand car, it was not worth（）

His duty fulfilled, Henry felt a great weight（）off his mind.

The waves（）violently against the shore, the people there couldn’t hear them crying for help.

Respect for the law is the foundation of civilized living.（）breaks it will be punished.

I prefer his plan to yours,（）it is more practical and easier to be carried out.

That scientist is not too happy with the project, and（）are her supervisors.

While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest（）by the local bandits.

As the old man lay dying he kept（） the experiences of his boyhood in Africa.

The business organization has（）about 5 million dollars for cancer research in the past two years.

Tom warned his friend that he would（）the law if he stole.

Mary（）the document carefully to make sure that there were no errors in it.

When Mr. Li writes an article, he always keep several dictionaries（）.

In that war-torn country, homeless orphan children’s plight is quite（）.

We finally（）the musician to entertain instead of the absent speaker.

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