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Most shoplifters（商店扒手）agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief. With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy, it does not require any extraordinary talent to help you to take one or two little things and escape unnoticed. It is known, in the business, as “hoisting”.But the hoisting game is not what it used to be. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court.Selfridges was the first big London store to install closed-circuit videotape equipment to watch its sales floors. In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using a evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses. It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.When the balls, called sputniks, first make an appearance in shops, it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters. Their somewhat ridiculous appearances, the curious holes and red lights going on and off, certainly make the theory believable.It did not take long, however, for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect. Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges, store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume into her bag.“As she turned to go,” Chadwick recalled, “she suddenly looked up at the ‘sputnik’ and stopped. She could not possibly have seen that the camera was trained on her because it is completely hidden, but she must have had a feeling that I was looking at her.”For a moment she paused, but then she returned to counter and started putting everything back. When she had finished, she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty and hurried out of the store.1. January is a good month for shoplifters because ___.2. The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended _.3. The case last October was important because _.4. The woman stealing perfume _.5. The woman’s action before leaving the store shows that she ___.

Since the dawn the human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics-the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge.“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined. They have built robot that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.1. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ___.2. The word “gizmos” (Line 1, Para.2) most probably means _.3. According to the passage, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot that _.4. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also _.5. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ___.

One of the greatest mysteries of the world, for which scientists have so far been unable to find any satisfactory explanation, is the Bermuda Triangle, sometimes called “The Graveyard of the Atlantic.” This is an area of the Western Atlantic between Bermuda and Florida, roughly triangular in shape, where since 1945 at least a hundred ships and planes and over a thousand people have disappeared. No wreckage has been found, no bodies, life belts or any other evidence of disaster. It is as if these planes, ships and people had never existed. In some cases a routine radio message has been received from aircraft reporting everything in order a few minutes before all contact was lost, in others a weak S.O.S. Message has been picked up and, in perfect weather, inexplicable references to fog and loss of bearings. In the extraordinary case of five U.S. Navy planes disappearing on a routine mission from Florida, the rescue plane sent to locate them vanished also. There have been references to the curious white light which is a feature of the sea in part of this area, and it is interesting to note that not only was this light observed by the astronauts on their way to space, but was also noted by Columbus, five centuries ago. Whether this light has any connection with the mysterious disappearances is unknown—it is just another curious circumstance as yet unexplained.Many theories, some bordering on the fantastic, have been advanced to account for the disturbing incidents that occur in the area of the Bermuda Triangle. It has been asked whether these disappearances are caused by extraterrestrial activity, by some undiscovered source of energy, or some dimension of time or space unguessed at by Man. There is no answer and speculation continues as anxiety increases.1. What is the most puzzling feature of the incidents that have occurred in the Bermuda Triangle area?2. Before contact with missing aircraft has been lost ___.3. The five United States Navy planes that disappeared were _.4. The curious white light observed on the surface of the sea in the Bermuda Triangle area _.5. The cause of the disappearances of ships and planes in the area is ___.

Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization is able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-actualization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy whereby the lower-order needs to a large degree must be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play.One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social, esteem and self-actualization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as associations with others, self-respect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.1. Which of the following statements best summaries the opening sentence?2. Simon argues that people work because _.3. Maslow argues that people’s needs _.4. According to Maslow, what are “arranged in a hierarchy”?5. What is one of the reasons given by Morse and Weiss for the fact that people continue working for organizations?

Of all things in the world, I most dislike（1）up forms; in fact, I have a（2）horror of it. Applying for a driving license,（3）for an evening course, booking a holiday abroad–everything nowadays seems to involve（4）information about one’s personal life and habits that has little or nothing to do with the matter（5）hand.（6）applying for a job, it may be（7）some obscure interest to a（8）employer to learn that I collect stamps or（9）measles as a child, but why（10）he conceivably know that my father was a tobacconist who died in 1988?The authorities who（11）one to fill up forms, frequently demand（12）to questions that one would hesitate to put（13）one’s intimate friends. The worst of it is that, when（14）with such questions, my mind goes（15）. Have I ever suffered from a serious illness? My mother always（16）me I was “delicate”. Do I suffer from any personal（17）? Well, I wear（18）lenses and my upper teeth are not my own, but perhaps the word “defects”（19）to my character. Am I supposed to（20）that I like gambling, and find it difficult to get up in the morning?（21）of them are true.Of all, I think job applications are the（22）. “Education”-previous experience-post held-give（23）. Terrified（24）the awful warning about giving false（25）which appears at the bottom of the form, I struggled to remember what exams I（26）and how long I worked for what firms.（27）hard I try, there always seems to be a year or two（28）which I cannot satisfactorily account and which, I am certain, if left（29）, will give the impression that I was in prison or（30）in some occupation too dubious to mention.

Put on dark glasses or the sun will _____ you and you won’t be able to see.

For many patients, institutional care is the most _____ and beneficial form of care.

Bruce Stephen gripped the _____ wheel hard as the car bounced up and down.

When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were _____ by its complicated traffic system.

The _____ cycle of life and death is a subject of interest to scientists and philosophers alike.

The fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally _____ to improvements in diet.

Although the colonists _____ to some extent with the native Americans, the Indians’ influence on American culture and language was not extensive.

The girl eyed a little enviously the model gown of ladies far more _____ than she could ever hope to be.

Lee was very careful to stand _____ his dignity when he became the president of the motor company.

I realize that you are anxious for promotion, but are you prepared _____ the extra responsibility?

The World Health Organization fights against _____ diseases all over the world.

We must look beyond _____ and assumption and try to discover what is missing.

All young men are required to do two years of _____ military service.

The boy ran out of the classroom without the teacher’s _____.

Since the two countries couldn’t _____ their differences, they decided to stop their negotiations.

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