试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

题库

首页 > 题库 > 辽宁工程技术大学

When does history begin? It is tempting to reply “in the beginning”, but like many obvious answers, this soon turns out to be unhelpful. As a great Swiss historian once pointed out in another connection, history is the one subject where you cannot begin at the beginning. If we want to, we can trace the chain of human descent back to the appearance of vertebrates, or even to the photosynthetic cells which lie at the start of life itself. We can go back further still, to almost unimaginable upheavals which formed this planet and even to the origins of the universe. Yet this is not “history”.Commonsense helps here: history is the story of mankind, of what it has done, suffered or enjoyed. We all know that dogs and cats do not have histories, while human beings do. Even when historians write about a natural process beyond human control, such as the ups and downs of climate, or the spread of disease, they do so only because it helps us to understand why men and women have lived (and died) in some ways rather than others.This suggests that all we have to do is to identify the moment at which the first human beings step out from the shadows of the remote past. It is not quite as simple as that, though. We have to know what we are looking for first and most attempts to define humanity on the basis of observable characteristics prove in the end arbitrary and cramping, as long arguments about ‘ape men’ and ‘missing links’ have shown. Physiological tests help us to classify data but do not identify what is or is not human. That is a matter of a definition about which disagreement is possible. Some people have suggested that human uniqueness lies in language, yet other primates possess vocal equipment similar to our own; when noises are made with it which are signals, at what point do they become speech? Another famous definition is that man is a tool-maker, but observation has cast doubt on our uniqueness in this respect, too, long after Dr. Johnson scoffed at Boswell for quoting it to him.What is surely and identifiably unique about the human species is not its possession of certain faculties or physical characteristics, but what it has done with them—its achievement, or history, in fact. Humanity’s unique achievement is its remarkably intense level of activity and creativity, its cumulative capacity to create change. All animals have ways of living, some complex enough to be called cultures. Human culture alone is progressive: it has been increasingly built by conscious choice and selection within it as well as by accident and natural pressure, by the accumulation of a capital of experience and knowledge which man has exploited. Human history began when the inheritance of genetics and behavior which had until them provided the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by conscious choice. Of course, human beings have always only been able to make their history within limits. These limits are now very wide indeed, but they were once so narrow that it is impossible to identify the first step which took human evolution away from the determination of nature. We have for a long time only a blurred story, obscure both because the evidence is poor and because we cannot be sure exactly what we are looking for.1. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is CORRECT?2. It can be inferred from the passage that ___.3. What tone does the author use when he wrote this passage?4. In order to understand what history is the predeterminate thing is to make clear the uniqueness of the, human species which lies in _.5. According to the author history is ___.

Polarity, or action and reaction, we meet in every part of nature: in darkness and light; in heat and cold; in the ebb and flow of waters; in male and female; in the inspiration and expiration of plants and animals; in the systole and diastole of the heart; in the undulations of fluids, and of sound; in the centrifugal and centripetal gravity; in electricity, galvanism, and chemical affinity. Superinduce magnetism at one end of a needle; the opposite magnetism takes place at the other end. If the south attracts, the north repels. To empty here, you must condense these. As inevitable dualism bisects nature, so that each thing is a half, and suggests another thing to make it whole: as spirit, matter; man, woman; subjective, objective; in, out; upper, under, motion, rest; yea, nay.Whilst the world is thus dual, so is every one of its parts. The entire system of things gets represented in every particle. There is somewhat that resembles the ebb and flow of the sea, day and night, man and woman, in a single needle of the pine, in a kernel of com, in each individual of every animal tribe. The reaction so grand in the elements is repeated within these small boundaries. For example, in the animal kingdom, the physiologist has observed that no creatures are favorites, but a certain compensation balances every gift and every defect. A surplus age given to one part is paid out of a reduction from another part of the same creature. If the head and neck are enlarged, the trunk and extremities are cut short.The theory of the mechanic forces is another example. What we gain in power is lost in time; and the converse. The periodic or compensating errors of the planets are another instance. The influences of climate and soil in political history are another. The cold climate invigorates. The barren soil does not breed fever, crocodiles, tigers, or scorpions.The same dualism underlies the nature and condition of man. Every excess causes a defect; every defect an excess. Every sweet hath its sour; every evil its good. Every faculty which is a receiver of pleasure has an equal penalty put on its abuse. It is to answer for its moderation with its life. For every grain of wit there is a grain of folly. For everything you have missed, you have gained something else; and for everything you gain, you lose something. If riches increase, they are increased that use them. If the gatherer gathers too much, nature takes out of the man what she puts into his chest; swells the estate, but kills the owner. Nature hates monopolies and exceptions.Things refuse to be mismanaged long. Though no checks to a new evil appear, the checks exist and will appear. If the government is cruel, the governor’s life is not safe. If you tax too high, the revenue will yield nothing. If you make the criminal code sanguinary juries will not convict. Nothing arbitrary, nothing artificial can endure.1. The word polarity has the closest meaning to ___.2. Which of the following do not indicate polarity?3. In the example of the animal kingdom, the author wants to tell us that _.4. It can be inferred from the passage that the author probably hold a (an) _ attitude towards the government.5. The purpose of this passage is to ___.

Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-William Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns his living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.1. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ___.2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _.3. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that _.4. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because _.5. From the text we can conclude that the author ___.

Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual theorists” were in reality connected to a movement-utopian socialism-which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls. New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianisra and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism. European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.1. It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe early feminists in the United States as “solitary” to be ___.2. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Seneca Falls conference on women’s rights?3. The author’s attitude toward most European historians who have studied the. Saint-Simonians is primarily one of _.4. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary for historians of American feminism because such study ___.5. According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?

My Dear child, I am very well pleased with your last letter. The writing was very good, and the promise you make exceedingly fine. You must keep it, for an honest man never breaks his word. You engage to retain the instructions which I give you. That is sufficient, for though you do not properly comprehend them at present, age and reflection will, in time, make you understand them.With respect to the contents of your letter, I believe you have had proper assistance; indeed, I do not as yet expect that you can write a letter without help. You ought, however, to try, for nothing is more requisite than to write a good letter. Nothing in fact is easier. Most persons, who write will, do so because they aim at writing better than they can, by which means they acquire a formal and unnatural style. Whereas, to write well, we must write easily and naturally. For instance, if you want to write a letter to me, you should only consider what you would say if you were with me, and then write it in plain terms, just as if you were conversing. I will suppose, then, that you sit down to write to me unassisted, and I imagine your letter would probably be much in these words:My dear Papa: I have been at Mr. Maittaire’s this morning, where I have translated English into Latin and Latin into English, and, so well that at the end of ray exercise he has written optimal. I have likewise repeated a Greek verb, and pretty well. After this I ran home, like a little wild boy, and played till dinner-time. This became a serious task, for I ate like a wolf, and by that you judge that I am in very good health. Adieu.Well, sir, the above is a good letter, and yet very easily written, because it is exceedingly natural. Endeavour then sometimes to write to me of yourself, without minding either the beauty of the writing or the straightness of the lines. Take as little trouble as possible. By that means you will by degrees use yourself to write perfectly well, and with ease. Adieu. Come to me tomorrow at 12, or Friday morning at 8 o’clock.1. How the author think about the instructions he gave to his child?2. In order to write well, one should do the following except _.3. What does the word optimal (Paragraph 3) mean?4. According to the passage, which of the following is CORRECT?5. The general tone of this letter is _.

No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to（1）conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the（2）of one who with due study and（3）, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely,（4）chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required.On the contrary, it is as much or even more（5）to enable average human beings to（6）the mental stature which they are capable（7）. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of（8）slavery.（9）there never has been, nor ever will be, in（10）atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a（11）convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can（12）humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so（13）. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to（14）enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundation and the（15）given which（16）even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows（17）of that. Her reasons maybe good, and no one may have been able to（18）them. But if she’s equally unable to confute the reasons of the（19）side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no（20）for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and（21）she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should hear the arguments of（22）from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied（23）what they offer as refutations.（24）is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them from persons who（25）believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she（26）feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and（27）that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue（28）for their opinions. Their conclusion maybe true, but it might be false for（29）they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them and considered what such persons may（30）; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.

_____ me most was that the young girl who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with her feet.

Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy five miles an hour _____ originate over tropical ocean waters.

Internet enables us to see things happen almost at the exact moment _____.

_____ in the past, but now it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.

We feel it is high time that the Government _____ something to check the inflation.

People under stress have performed _____ feats of strength, like lifting an automobile off an accident victim.

When he was asked about the missing purse, the man _____ ever seeing it.

After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly _____ the little rain that fell last night.

I don’t know you want to keep the paper. I’ve _____ it up.

The old man _____ and fell from the top of the stairs to the bottom.

Individual lines of the poem were very beautiful, but I didn’t get how the lines fit together. To me, the poem wasn’t _____.

To the especially sensitive children, a simple scolding can be a _____ experience.

If the scheme is _____ carried out without waste of time or energy the manager shall be completely satisfied.

She broke her leg, but the _____ healed quickly.

暂未登录

学员用户尊享特权

老师批改作业做题助教答疑学员专用题库高频考点梳理

上一页 1 2 3 4 5 6 下一页