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If the treatment is not sustained, you’ll find yourself liable to _____ attacks of the disease.

Every society has behaviors that re forbidden for there’re _____ rules that govern the behaviors of a group without people realizing them.

Are consumers more _____ and less likely to be inspired by a cause-related promotion?

By using coupons, you can get a _____ on things like groceries or household items.

What help refugees get is usually financed through government funds and donations from _____ organizations.

Crossing Death Valley, where temperatures reach well above 110 degrees Fahrenheit, was a nearly _____ task for the early pioneers.

An added attraction to many zoos is a(n) _____ where children can interact with young farm animals.

That the rather large President Taft will get stuck in a White House bathtub was a(n) _____ for the installation of an oversized tub.

“Worldly wealth is _____; heavenly wealth lasts forever.” said the priest.

Hospital authorities admitted that a _____ mistake had been made in giving the patient the wrong drug.

He got a _____ in his throat, and could not help coughing during his speech.

He gave a _____ smile when he heard the news that his girlfriend has been admitted to college.

The Romans built a network of over 80,000km of usually straight roads _____ out from Rome.

The company is in trouble and the latest plan for its _____ has few supporters.

_____ helps people learn about the makeup of the earth, especially as revealed by rocks.

Because education is not mentioned in the constitution, each state is _____ in this area.

_____washers and dryers have helped to provide more leisure time for persons.

Directions: Recently credit card in widely used among the college students, try to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the students’ use of credit card.Time allowed: 30 minutesWord Limit: No less than 180 wordsYour composition must be written neatly and clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.

1) Many schools, like Washington State and Arizona State, let individual departments and academic units decide who can take an online course. They say students with legitimate academic needs—a conflict with another class, a course they need to graduate that is full—often get permission, though they still must take some key classes in person. 2) In fact the distinction between online and face-to-face courses is blurring rapidly. Many if not most traditional classes now use online components-message boards, chat rooms, electronic filing of papers. Students can increasingly “attend” lectures by downloading a video or a podcast.3) At Arizona State, 11,000 students take fully online courses and 40,000 use the online course management system, which is used by many “traditional” classes. Administrators say the distinction between online and traditional course is now so meaningless it may not even be reflected in next fall’s course catalogue.4) Arizona State’s director of distance learning, Marc Van Home, says students are increasingly sanding both high-tech delivery of education, and more control over their schedules. The university should do what it can to help them graduate on time, he says.5) Then there’s the question of whether students are well served by taking a course online instead of in-person. Some teachers are wary, saying showing up to class teaches discipline, and that lectures and class discussions are an important part of learning. But online classed aren’t necessarily easier. Two-thirds of schools responding to a recent survey by The Sloan Consortium agreed that it takes more discipline for students to succeed in an online course than in a face-to-face one.

Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles (“feedback”) are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression can influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions.” Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulse. The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchene smile, which is characterized by “crow’s feet” wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression “keep a stiff upper lip” as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a “stiff” lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.1. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to ___.2. The author mentions “Baring the teeth in a hostile way” in order to _.3. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning to ___.4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of New Guinea?5. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?

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