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“High tech” and “state of the art” are two expressions that describe very modern technology. First, High tech is just a shorter way of saying “high technology”, and “high technology” describes any invention, system or device that uses the most sophisticated modern research, engineering and materials.What kind of things are high tech? A computer is high tech. So is a communications satellite. A modern manufacturing system is surely high tech. The opposite of high tech is low tech. As you might imagine, low tech describes technology that is traditional, simple and easy to operate. A wooden plow pulled by oxen is low tech, so is a hand pump. High tech becomes a popular expression in the United States during the 1980s. Because of improvements in technology, people could buy many new kinds of products in American stores, such as home computers, microwave ovens for cooking quickly, and modern music systems that used a digital electronic system for recording sounds. The companies that made these products were proud of their goods. They wanted everyone to know that their products were as modern as possible. So in all kinds of advertising, companies described their products as being high tech. Soon everyone knew the expression.On the other hand, the “state of the art” phrase describes the very newest and best products, method, technique, or material. Since it is based on the very latest information, it is always the newest possible item in its category in research, business or industry. A state-of-the-art TV set, for example, uses the most modern electronic design and parts. It is the best that one can buy.State of the art is not a new expression. Engineers used it for years to describe the best and most modern way of doing something. Millions of Americans, however, began to use the expression in the late 1970s during the computer revolution. New inventions like the transistor and the microprocessor made computers smaller and less costly. Bright young computer experts began to design and build their own computers at home. Every computer company claimed that its computers were the state of the art. Computer technology changed so fast, however, that a state-of-the-art computer was out of date almost the next day. Thus the expression of “state of the art” became as common and popular as the constantly changing computer themselves. Now, advertising for all kind of the newest products claims that they are the state of the art.1. According to the passage, which one is NOT high tech?2. Computers become smaller and costly because .3. What does the word “category” (Para. 3) mean?4. From the text, we can infer that .5. What is the main idea of the passage?

Among the most interesting things to observe as one travels around in the world are the ways in which people conduct themselves at parties. In some countries, men and women drift to opposite ends of the room and talk to one another; in others, they sit in large chairs around the edge of the room and talk only to the people on either side of them, or silently eat and observe the scene.It is normal in some countries for people to remain patiently silent until they have been introduced, then to talk only those whom they have “met properly”.As you would imagine, Americans move about a great deal at parties. At small gatherings, they may sit down but as soon as there are more people than chairs in a room—or better yet, a little before this point—you will see first one and then another make some excuse to get to his or her feet (to find something to drink or greet a friend) until soon everyone is standing, moving around, and chatting with one group and then another. Sitting becomes static beyond a certain point. People are expected to move about and be “self-starters”. It is quite normal for Americans to introduce themselves; they will drift around a room stopping to talk wherever they like, introducing themselves and their companions. Guests are expected to reply by giving their names and introducing the person with them; then at least the men generally shake hands. Sometimes the women do so as well, but often they merely nod and smile. A man usually shakes a woman’s hand only if she extends it. Otherwise, he, too, just nods and greets her.After such an informal introduction. American people at a large party talk together for a little while, often with questions like these, “Are you new here?”, “What do you do?”, “Do you live in town?”, “Isn’t this hot orange cider delicious?”. Within a moment or two, they will have struck some common ground, conversation will move along for a while, and then either person or couple can feel free to say something informal like: “Well, it’s been nice to meet you.” or “I hope we can see you again soon.” This is the signal for both persons or couples to say their “adieus” and drift off to another group.The basic rule at big American parties is, “Don’t stay in one place for too long. Pick out people you think look interesting, then go talk to them.” Women do not cluster in a group with each other or hide themselves away in a corner. They, too, move around the room either with their husbands or escort or alone, whichever they prefer, unless they are strategically located (and attractive) so that people keep coming up to them. The point of a party is to meet and talk with people; the fact that everyone is there together under the host’s roof is in itself a form of introduction. As a result, anyone can feel free to talk to anyone else.When Americans first arrive at a large party, the host or hostess may introduce them to people nearby, but if others are still arriving, he or she may then return to greet newcomers, expecting the other guests to go on by themselves, moving from group to group. If she feels too uncomfortable and frightening, it is quite all right to say to someone: “I am a stranger here and know no one. Could you introduce me to some of the people?” Almost anyone will feel flattered that you turned to him and will gladly take you under his wing, introducing you and easing your discomfort.1. What does the word “static” (Para.3) mean?2. What are guests expected to do at parties in America?3. What does the word “escort” (Para. 5) mean?4. What is the purpose of a party?5. What is this passage mainly about?

If someone tells you off, they are ________ you.

we experienced in our childhood how we react to life’s problems.

In coastal areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to ________ the forces of nature every time they go to work.

________ punishing them, parents treat their children with leniency.

It is generally believed that children should remain in close physical ________ with their parents.

We have a number of ________ authors in our class this year, one of whom has written a fascinating biography his grandmother.

If you make the best of something, you ________.

Acknowledging that one is homesick may help avoid the risk of anxiety and ________.

It takes no mental effort, for we do it ________.

The minister has set up a working party to ________ the problem of homelessness.

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