试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

题库

首页 > 题库 > 湖南农业大学

Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’s side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after world War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic(语言上的) and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friend, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives — usually the richer who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation’s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.1. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probable（） .2. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their（）.3. In countries other than their own most Americans（）.4. According to the author, American’s cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will（）. 5. The author’s intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that（）.

We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week, a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.The latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hour of wakefulness and low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.1. Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” not a mere academic question?2. The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in .3. The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be .4. It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because .5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between Man and the atom bomb.1. This passage implies that war is now.2. In the sentence “To do this, we need to persuade mankind.” (Para. 1), “this” refers to. 3. From paragraph 2 we learn that the writer of the passage.4. According to the writer, .5. The last paragraph suggests that__.

For many years the Japanese have（） the car market.

These continual（） in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.

After several nuclear disasters, a（）has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.

The victim（）to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.

In spite of the（）economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.

The old couple now still（）for their beloved son, 30 years after his death.

（）in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.

Before we move, we should（）some of the old furniture, so that we can have more room in the new house.

The director gave me his（）that he would double my pay if I did my job well.

By the time he arrives in Beijing,（） here for two days.

If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of species that are alive today will have become（）.

By contrast, American mothers were more likely（） their children’s success（）natural talent.

It（）at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy both.

（）my losses in trade this year, yours are nothing.

The government（） a heavy tax on tobacco, which aroused opposition from the tobacco industry.

Not only（）me too much, but didn’t do a good repair job.

We must look beyond and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.

暂未登录

学员用户尊享特权

老师批改作业做题助教答疑学员专用题库高频考点梳理

上一页 4 5 6 7 8 9 下一页