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Her career has ______ a number of activities-composing, playing and acting.

Edward VII relinquished his throne to marry Mrs. Simpson.

The term “paper” is a little misleading when you consider the strength and endurance of the construction material ______.

There is no conceivable reason why there should be any difficulty during the project. The underlined part can be replaced by all the following EXCEPT ______.

The retiring professor was exalted by his colleagues.

The patient clenched the arms of the dentist’s chair.

The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now, twitter, instant messages, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication—but none can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.Over the past year, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view: When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to people’s hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear, accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the H1N1 pandemic（流行病）was announced, the idea of “swine flu”（猪流感）scared many people. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna’s speech about Michael Jackson, after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.It’s not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you’re taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument. In sports, athletes know the importance of a pep talk（鼓舞士气的讲话）before a match to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we’re born with: Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.1. The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because .2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking?3. Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPT .4. According to the passage, which of the following best explains the author’s view on “great speaking ability”?5. What is the main idea of the passage?

Massive rubbish dumps and sprawling landfills constitute one of the more uncomfortable impacts that humans have on wildlife. They have led: some birds to give up on migration. Instead of flying thousands of miles in search of food, they make the waste sites their winterfeeding grounds.Researchers in Germany used miniature GPS tags to track the migrations of 70 white storks（鹳）from different sites across Europe and Asia during the first five months of their lives. While many birds travelled along well-known routes to warmer climates, others stopped short and spent the winter on landfills, feeding on food waste, and the multitudes of insects that thrive on the dumps.In the short-term, the birds seem to benefit from overwintering（过冬）on rubbish dumps. Andrea Flack of the Max Planck Institute found that birds following traditional migration routes were more likely to die than German storks that flew only as far as northern Morocco, and spent the winter there on rubbish dumps. For the birds it’s a very convenient way to get food. “There are huge clusters of organic waste they can feed on,” said Flack. The meals are not particularly appetizing, or even safe. Much of the waste is discarded rotten meat, mixed in; with other human debris such as plastic bags and old toys.“It’s very risky. The birds can easily eat pieces of plastic or rubber bands and they can die,” said Flack. “And we don’t know about the long-term consequences. They might eat something toxic and damage their health. We cannot estimate that yet.”The scientists tracked white storks from different colonies in Europe and Africa. The Russian, Greek and Polish storks flew as far as South Africa, while those from Spain, Tunisia and Germany flew only as far as the Sahel.Landfill sites on the Iberian Peninsula have long attracted local white storks, but all of the Spanish birds tagged in the study flew across the Sahara desert to the western Sahel. Writing in the journal, the scientists describe bow the storks from Germany were clearly affected by the presence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that survived for at least five months overwintering on accelerating rate rubbish dumps in northern Morocco, instead of migrating to the Sahel.Flack said it was too early to know whether the benefits of plentiful food outweighed the risks of feeding on landfills. But that’s not the only uncertainty. Migrating birds affect ecosystems both at home and at their winter destinations, and disrupting the traditional routes could have unexpected side effects. White storks feed on locusts（蝗虫）and other insects that can become pests if their numbers get out of hand. “They provide a useful service,” said Flack.1. What is the impact of rubbish dumps on wildlife?2. What do we learn about birds following the traditional migration routes?3. What does Andrea Flack say about the birds overwintering on rubbish dumps?4. What can be inferred about the Spanish birds tagged in the study?5. What is scientists’ other concern about white storks feeding on landfills?

Levittown was the name given to three suburban developments constructed in the post-World War II decades by Levitt and Sons, the most important private builder of this period. Using new mass production techniques they had learned while building housing for military personnel during the Second World War I, they turned home building from a cottage industry into a major manufacturing process.During World War II, they received government contracts to build homes for war workers. Under deadline pressure, they developed mass production methods to build houses quickly. These techniques were carried over to their postwar suburban developments. On May 7, 1947, William Levitt announced his plans to build 2,000 houses in a former potato field in the state of New York. Then, by the time this Levittown was completed in 1951, it had contained 17,450 homes for 75,000 people in New York. Levitt eventually built two more Levittown, in the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Each contained the same curving streets, community pools, and neighborhood parks, playgrounds as the first development did.Some observers criticized the monotonous uniformity of the Levittown, charging that they are just the symbol of materialism, but Levittowns were overwhelmingly welcomed by the public. They were cheap, comfortable, efficient, and ideal for young people just starting out in life. Thousands of middle class people, especially some young couples, crowded in city apartments or still living with their parents, rushed to purchase them. Fourteen hundred contracts were signed in one day in 1949.Levittown symbolized the most significant social trend of the postwar era in the United States the flight to the suburbs. The resulting massive shift in population from the central city to the suburbs was accompanied by a baby “boom” that started after soldiers returned home from World War II and got married. By 1960, one-third of the nation’s population lived in the suburbs. The nation underwent its greatest increase in population since 1910.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. What was the original reason for Levitt to use the method of mass production to build houses?3. One of the reasons Levittown were criticized by some observers was that ______.

Space exploration has always been the province of dreamers: The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity（创造力）struggle to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade’s end, those words, too, had a dream like quality. They resonated（共鸣）with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up at odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic（讲求实用的）and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space, is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just, come to an end, with no successor. The perpetual argument is that funds are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury—as if saving one-thousandth of a single year’s budget would solve our problems.But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are potting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie, within reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.The space dreamers end up benefitting all of us—not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-of technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can transcend what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.1. The author mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show that ______.2. How did the general public view Kennedy’s space exploration plan?3. What does the author say about American’s aim to explore space?4. What is the author’s attitude toward space programs?

Collective bargaining is a good strategy when looking to get the best price on a given product or service. Solar power is no exception, and dozens of neighborhood-wide installations in the U.S. and Canada have created a new model whereby going solar can actually start to pencil out for individual home owners.One of the first neighborhood-wide solar installations in the world was at the master-planned community of Drake Landing in the town of Okotoks in Alberta, Canada. The entire community, now with more than 4 homes built and occupied, is heated by an neighborhood-wide “borehole（钻孔）thermal energy” system designed to store abundant solar energy underground during the summer and distribute it to each home as needed for space heating throughout the winter. The system, which launched in June 2007, now fulfills some 90 percent of each home’s space heating needs, with any slack（煤屑）taken up by fossil fuels.While some planned communities like Drake Landing incorporated neighborhood solar power from the get-go, others decided it made sense after they were first built. One example is the deal that homeowners in Martin County, California can get in on, thanks to the hard work of the nonprofit GoSolarMarin. The group negotiated discounted group rates with several photovoltaic（光电的）solar panel providers, and eventually signed on with SolarCity, a Silicon Valley based solar provider that operates some 30 different “community solar programs” across California, Arizona and Oregon.GoSolarMartin was able to negotiate a rate some 25 percent lower than what a typical solar installation would cost for Marin County residents willing to participate. And best of all, homeowners can lease from SolarCity instead of having to pay tens of thousands of dollars out of pocket to buy equipment that may become obsolete in a few years. SolarCity monitors all clients’ installations online to ensure that they are running at peak performance, and also makes house calls for maintenance as needed.While California is no doubt a leader in residential solar power, the concept is spreading. Neighborhood Solar, for instance, is a Colorado-based nonprofit formed to accelerate the adoption of residential solar power in the Denver Metro area. The group organizes homeowners’ into collective solar purchasing groups, and negotiates significant discounts accordingly. “We act as an independent buyer’s agent,” the group reports on its website, “with the goal of providing the best value to residential solar purchasers while helping installers put up more solar at reduced overhead costs.”1. What can we learn about the solar installation in Okotoks?2. We can learn from the third paragraph that ______.3. What is the most important reason for the residents to choose SolarCity?4. What can we learn about the implement of solar power?

Attachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not “spoil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums（发脾气）, ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don’t give their children everything that they want; they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment parents is not “afraid of tears” parentịng. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And our children understand this too. They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But, they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be “rewarded” for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don’t avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting, I do not cling to my children. In fact, I’m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and bop on their merry way to explore the world. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The attachment comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment parenting is not selfish parenting. It is also selfless parenting. We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves.Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover, l follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don’t slap curious hands away. I show how to do things safely. I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and final with trust. I don’t insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative things that I hear about “attachment parents” are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children need structure rules, and boundaries. Attachment Parents simply believe that the child and the parent are allele not adversaries. And that children are taught, not trained.1. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is that they ______.2. What does “free-range” mean according to the passage?3. Which of the following is NOT attachment parenting?4. What does the passage mainly discuss?

Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays _1_ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and _2_ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the _3_ of every modern city. In the home, many _4_ devices are powered by electricity, _5_ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are _6_ asleep, electricity is working for us _7_ our refrigerator, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses, and subways take us to and from work. We rarely _8_ to consider why or how they run—_9_ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something _10_ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity, For a great many hours, life came almost to a _11_ Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark _12_ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that _13_ you were lucky enough not to be _14_ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down _15_ of stairs. Famous streets, like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) _16_ became as gloomy and uninviting _17_ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, _18_ although the police had been ordered to _19_ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and _20_ as anybody else.

Directions: For this part, you are required to write on the Answer Sheet a composition of about 200 words on the topic Should Children Use Internet as Early as Possible, in which you should follow the outline below:1) Describe this phenomenon.2) Provide different opinions towards this phenomenon.3) State what your opinion is.

不论生活如何复杂，总要保持自己的那一份优雅。每天醒来都要比前一天更强大，直视自己的畏惧，擦干自己的泪水。人生就像赛跑，不在乎你是否第一个到达尽头，而在乎你有没有跑完全程。痛苦对每个人而言，只是一个过客，一种磨练，一番考验。保持微笑吧，虽然生活并不总让人微笑，但你的微笑却可以让他人开心啊。把坏日子当作好日子的首付吧，坚持就是胜利。

Mary hopes to be ______ from hospital next week.

She answered with an ______ “No” to the request that she attend the public meeting.

The lady rumpled her skirt by sitting on the seat while flying.

The story was so funny that we were all in ______.

A visitor to a museum today would notice ______ changes in the way museums are operated.

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