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各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的方法。然而，要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂的。

No issue is as vital to the future of U.S. research universities as a renewal of commitment to the mutual benefits of research and education. One of the great strengths of our research universities is their ability to link the creation of new knowledge with the transfer of that knowledge to students. Unfortunately, numerous signs (some real, some perceived) point toward a growing emphasis on research and a de-emphasis on education.A sensationalistic view of these trends often emerges in the popular press. Recent stories have described a detached professor’s leaving teaching to graduate students, reward systems based on “publish or perish”, faculty “buying out” of teaching responsibilities, and tenure and promotion decisions based entirely on one’s ability to attract federal research dollars. These types of reports have fueled a growing public backlash against higher education. A number of states have to institute minimum requirements for classroom time and office hours for faculty at public research universities.

In Mr. Allen’s high school class, all the students have to “get married”. However, the wedding ceremonies are not real ones but 1. There mock ceremonies sometimes become so 2 that the loud laughter drowns out the voice of the “minister”. Even the two students getting married often begin to giggle.The teacher Mr. Allen, believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business. He wants young people to understand that there are many changes that 3 take place after marriage. He believes that the need for these psychological and financial 4 should be understood before people marry.Mr. Allen doesn’t only introduce his students to major problems 5 in marriage such as illness or unemployment. He also exposes them to nitty-gritty problems they will face every day. He wants to introduce young people to all the trials and 6 that can strain a marriage to the breaking point. He even 7 his students with the problems of divorce and the fact that divorced men must pay child support money for their children and sometimes pay monthly alimony to their wives.It has been upsetting for some of the students to see the problems that a married couple often faces. 8 they took the course, they had not worried much about the problems of marriage. However, both students and parents feel that Mr. Allen’s course is valuable and have 9 course publicly. Their statements and letters supporting the class have 10 the school to offer the course again.

In order to control and defeat the dreadful diseases that ____ humanity, concerted activity is necessary.

We hope this radio will help overcome the ____ felt during your stay in the hospital.

She went into a deep ____ after taking an overdose of sleeping pills.

Western movies have been such favorites that they have ____ the public’s conception of what the western world is.

Researchers have done extensive studies of how well children ____ their teachers’ instructions.

Successful development of inexpensive drugs for AIDS has much ____ for HIV patients.

Senior citizens, especially those above 70, are ____ to some privileges in many countries.

Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for anyone with the Internet ____.

It has been announced that physicists from different countries will gather in New York for a ____ next month.

The world will be advancing with such great speed that our ____ will look upon us and our time with a sense of superiority.

It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speed, assumptions, might think it marvelous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the recovery. Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree not least among MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of shrinking management structures.What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now being exposed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek “can-dos” rather than “might-dos”, and who feel that academia has not been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of industry or of the employers’ possible contribution.It is curious, given the name of the degree, that there should be no league table for UK business schools; no unanimity about what the degree should encompass; and no agreed system of accreditation. Surely there is something wrong. One wonders where all the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushrooming took place.Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders. The Institute of Management’s 1992 survey, which revealed that eighty-one per cent of managers thought they personally would be more effective if they received-more training, suggests that this might be the case. There is, too, the fact that training alone does not make successful managers. They need the inherent qualifications. Of character, a degree of self-subjugation; and, above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more so now, when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflections, if not total conviction.One can easily think of people, some comparatively unlettered, who are now lauded captains of industry. We may, therefore, not need to be too concerned about the fall in applications for business school places, or even the doubt about MBAs. The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. If the Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction of a senior management qualification, is successful, there will be a powerful corrective.We believe now that management is all about change. One hopes there will be some of that in relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. No one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly competitive world. If scientists feel themselves undervalued and under-used, working in industrial ghettos, that is not a promising augury for the future. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science and industry. Above all, we have to make sure that management is not itself smug about its status and that it does not issue mission statements about communication without realizing at the essence of it is a dialogue. More empowerment is required and we should strive to achieve it.16. What is the writer’s view in the reading passage?17. According to the passage, employers .18. According to the passage .19. In the writer’s opinion .20. Which of the information is true according to the passage?

In most people’s mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic, however, is the notion that increased pressure on dwindling natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correct: growth means prosperity and no growth means adversity, or growth means adversity and no growth means...what?What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one arena the argument in favor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth, other than population growth, in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems callous, if not cruel, the pompous postulating of the comfortable and the secure. But is it? Could it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancement, of Third World countries? If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growth?To see how this might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third World countries-the reality, not the abstract stages-of-economic-growth nostrum propounded through rose-colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the conversion of peasant farms into mechanized agri-businesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and arboreal treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means the assumption of a crushing foreign indebtedness, the proceeds of which goes not into the development of the country but into the purchase of luxury cars, the padding of Swiss bank accounts, and the buying of condominiums in Miami?Admittedly, this is an oversimplification, which applies to no country in its entirety and to some countries not at all. But the point, I believe, remains valid; that growth in under developed countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefits and who is harmed, on where growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in the present context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But that is a test not easily undertaken. Modern economies are incredibly complex phenomena, a tribute to man’s ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understanding. Anything that affects their functioning, such as a policy of zero growth, should not be proposed without a wary prudence and a self-doubting humility. But if the prospect of leaping into the economic unknown is fear-inspiring, equally so is the prospect of letting that fear prevent us from acting when the failure to act could mean untold misery for future generations and perhaps environmental catastrophes which threaten our very existence.11. Which of the following statements does the author support?12. It is implied in Paragraphs 2 and 3 that .13. With regard to the economic development in Third World countries the author is actually saying that .14. The author seems to believe that prosperity .15. The answer of the author to the question “Do we need growth for prosperity” is .

The bottom line is that patients who want to make sure their doctor is competent have a lot of work to do. And the work should be done on the front end: experts emphasize that people should find a doctor and establish a relationship while they are in good health, so they don’t have to scramble when they come down with bronchitis or find a suspicious lump.Studies have found that it is hard to get an appointment at short notice when cold-calling, and that patients with a regular source of care get better care, even when they are uninsured. While some internists have additional training in cardiology or rheumatology, she went on, primary care physicians also have a network of trusted specialists for referrals.Many women choose a gynecologist as their regular doctor. Dr. Gallin said, but should probably have a relationship with an internist as well. Next, review the list of doctors in your health plan. Consider their location as well as their hospital affiliations. You may want to cross-check your health plan’s list with a top doctors list for your area; these lists (often published in regional magazines like New York and New Jersey Monthly) are usually generated by surveying physicians.Check with your health plan to see whether it has good information on individual physicians (most don’t, but many are working on it). Good quality measures include National Committee on Quality Assurance accreditation about whether doctors meet criteria for care for specific conditions like back pain or diabetes, and the Healthcare Effectiveness Data Information Set, which focuses on adherence to clinical guidelines, like prescribing a beta blocker after a heart attack. Some health plans also offer networks of high-performing or “honor roll” physicians; ask about the criteria.If you’re uninsured, you may be able to negotiate with a doctor and agree on a reduced fee, but remember that you will also be responsible for the cost of lab tests, blood work, X-rays, procedures and medications. These costs are more likely to be covered or charged on a sliding scale at a community health center or hospital clinic. (To find a location, see www.hrsa.gov under “Find Help”，or the Families USA Web site, www.familiesusa.org, under “Resources for Consumers”.)Other factors to consider are whether the doctor has evening and weekend hours, whether the office leaves time open to schedule same-day appointments for urgent care, whether waiting times are reasonable and whether the doctor is in solo practice or a group practice. (Some experts say that group practices tend to be more efficient and that doctors in groups are more likely to stay up to date on current medical practice.) If the doctor uses electronic records, that’s a plus, some experts say.On the crucial question of whether you are comfortable with the doctor you’ve chosen, you won’t know that until you meet with the doctor. Pediatricians will usually agree to an interview; busy internists often won’t. 6. Which of the following statements best describes the main idea of the passage?7. In addition to a gynecologist, women are supposed to establish a relationship with an internist because .8. For the uninsured, experts suggest .9. Experts indicate that if a doctor uses electronic records, .10. Strategies for getting an appointment with a doctor more easily include all EXCEPT .

Young adults experience news fatigue from being inundated by facts and updates and have trouble accessing in-depth stories, according to a study to be unveiled at a global media conference. The Context-Based Research Group, an ethnographic research firm, found that the news consumption behavior of younger readers differs profoundly from that of previous generations.The research project, commissioned by The Associated Press in 2007, analyzed the news consumption patterns of an ethnically diverse group of 18 men and women between the ages of 18 and 34 in six cities in the United States, Britain and India. It ultimately helped AP design a new model for news delivery to meet the needs of young adults, who are driving the shift from traditional media to digital news, said Jim Kennedy, AP’s director of strategic planning. “The real value was that it gave us a lasting model of how news is being consumed in the digital space by young people that we can use to improve our own newsgathering and project development,” Kennedy said.That includes what the AP calls “1-2-3 filing”, starting with a news alert headline for breaking news, followed by a short present-tense story that is usable on the Web and by broadcasters. The third step is to add details and format stories in ways most appropriate for various news platforms. Editors at the Telegraph in London are following a similar approach and have seen a big jump in traffic at the newspaper’s website. The study said the Telegraph has adopted the mind-set of a broadcast-news operation to quickly build from headlines to short stories to complete multimedia packages online to boost readership. The study’s purpose was to obtain a deeper and more holistic understanding of the news consumption behavior of younger audiences. The results were scheduled to be presented in a 71-page report to media executives and editors from around the globe at the World Editors Forum in Goteborg, southwestern Sweden.A key finding was that participants yearned for quality, and in-depth reporting but had difficulty immediately accessing such content because they were bombarded by facts and updates in headlines and snippets of news. The study also found that participants were unable to give full attention to the news because they were almost always simultaneously engaged other activities, such as reading e-mail.That represents a shift from previous consumption models in which people sat down to watch the evening news or read the morning paper. “Our observations and analysis identified that consumers’ news diets are out of balance due to the over-consumption of facts and headlines,” said Robbie Blinkoff, co-founder and head anthropologist at Baltimore, Maryland-based Context-Based Research Group.To combat that, the authors recommended that news producers develop easier ways for readers to discover in-depth content and to avoid repetitious updates of breaking news. The research was conducted in six major metropolitan areas around the globe: Houston. Silicon Valley, Philadelphia and Kansas City in the United States; Brighton, Britain; and Hyderabad, India.1. Young adults are found different from previous generation in .2. Which of the following statements is true about the research project?3. The “1-2-3 filing” approach .4. The young audiences refuse to read in-depth reporting because .5. The suggestions of the authors are the following EXCEPT .

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Travel Broadens the Mind. You should write about 150-200 words to illustrate your ideas.

Now we have stepped into the information society. The information industry develops very rapidly. However, there are also a lot of problems: the hackers, trick-playing teens and internet-based criminals. Thus, information society becomes an important issue. Information leakage may hurt a lot of departments, such as related authorities, enterprises, organizations or institutes, as well as individuals.

我的英语有多好？对任何学习英语的人来说是最重要的一个问题。知道这个问题的答案不仅有助于树立信心，而且如果你想取得更多的进步，知道这个答案是有用的，因为一旦知道已经达到一个水平，你就会向下一个水平进军。考试在学习过程中发挥另外一个重要的作用——考试证明学习者在一种语言中是否熟练。通过语言考试远不只是激励了自己在语言方面的自尊心。如果你想到英国国家去念大学，或者你想找一份需要英语技能的工作的话，通过语言考试那就至关重要了。

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