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That was really a despicable act of terrorism and cowardly attacks on innocent civilians by holding children hostage.

This nation has become the fastest-growing grain import market, which is driven both by rapid population growth and by rising affluence.

In individualistic cultures, people put emphasis on self-interests, and tend to have emotional detachment from their ingroup.

Facebook’s top executives are eligible for twice-a-year bonuses of up to 45 percent of their base salaries.

There is compelling evidence that pollution is responsible for many deadly diseases, such as cancer.

Film-makers work very closely with scientists whose work studying the complexity of animal lives is vital for wildlife conservation.

The spokesman talked about the cause of the accident, but the media didn’t seem to buy it.

Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting and photography.

The elevation of the assistant coach to the head coaching position within only 9 months was a surprise.

Our advertisement says English competence is a key requirement of this position. Then how do you think you are qualified for this?

According to the new report, 13% of Americans are over 65; this number is projected to reach 22% by the year 2030.

There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents’ wished.

Trans World Airlines (TWA) was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims’ families.

The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.

Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced as slowly for two thousand years—and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation—these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts—a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.25. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is?26. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is .27. The underlined word “ascertain” in the third paragraph probably means .28. The difference between “fact” and “theory”.29. According to the author, mathematics is .30. The statement “Theories are facts” may be called .

The modern world only recently reached the Yanomano, a native people of the Amazon basin. Sheltered by thick rainforest, the Yanomano lived a self-contained existence until gold was discovered in their jungle homeland. Miners flocked into the forests, cutting down trees and bringing disease and shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way. In just seven years from the early 1980s, the population fell by 20 per cent.Hands Around the World, a native American cultural association, says the Yanomano are believed to be the most culturally intact people in the world. They wear loin cloths, use fire sticks and decorate their bodies with dye from a red berry. They don’t use the wheel and the only metal they use is what has been traded to them by outsiders. When a Yanomano dies, the body is burned and the remaining bones crushed into a powder and turned into a drink that is later consumed by mourners in memory of the dead.A Hands Around the World report says that in South America not only are the cultures and traditions in danger of disappearing, but some tribes are in danger of extinction. “The Yanomano are a well-known tribe that is rapidly losing its members through the destruction of Western disease,” the report says. Before illegal gold miners entered their rainforest, the Yanomano were isolated from modem society.They occupy dense jungle north of the Amazon River between Venezuela and Brazil and are catalogued by anthropologists as neo-Indians with cultural characteristics that date back more than 8000 years. Each community lives in a circular communal house, some of which sleep up to 400, built around a central square.Though many Yanomano men are monogamous, it is not unusual for them to have two or more wives. Anthropologists from the University of Wisconsin say polygamy is a way to increase one’s wealth because having a large family increases help with hunting and cultivating the land. These marriages result in a shortage of women for other men to marry, which has led to inter-tribal wars.Each Yanomano man is responsible for clearing his land for gardening, using slash-and-hum farming methods. They grew plantains, a type of banana eaten cooked, and hunt game animals, fish and anaconda (南美热带蟒蛇) using bows and arrows.19. Miners flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomano who .20. The organization called Hands Around the World believes that culturally, the Yanomano is the world’s .21. Which of the following is NOT true according to an American cultural association report?22. The underlined word “monogamous” in the fifth paragraph probably means .23. caused the Yanomano to have inter-tribal wars.24. We can infer from the passage that it is imperative for us to protect the Yanomano because __.

Even though you may be excited about relocating, you may still mourn the loss of a familiar home, way of life, family and friends left behind. “Underestimating the emotional impact of moving is the biggest mistake people make,” says Patricia Nida, Psychologist and relocation consultant. “People think there is something wrong with them if they can’t cope with the emotional upheaval of moving. They don’t realize it’s normal.” When Sheila moved from Oregon to California, it took her nearly a year to feel rooted in her new community. Then two years later, the family moved back to Oregon. When we came back, I couldn’t get used to them. Each time we moved, I felt like I lost a part of myself.”“Although everyone who moves feels this loss of identity to some extent, it’s usually most disastrous for a non-working wife”, says Dr. Seidenberg, clinical professor of psychiatry. “Her identity,” says he, “stems from her activities and the ties to the community. Relocating wipes it all out. Every time she moves, she has to re-establish her credentials.” “You cope by reaching out and finding activities and people that interest you,” adds Eileen Kirsh, a veteran of four spouse-job-related moves. “If you are lucky, you meet someone compatible.”Don’t avoid saying goodbye. It may seem easier at the time, but in the long run, it can create a greater sense of loss. Resist the temptation to sever ties with your old neighborhood. Maintain relationships. Allow yourself to go through the emotions associated with moving, without criticism. When you acquire your new living quarters, introduce yourself to your new neighbors. Write ahead to your new house of worship and community organizations for information on activities and services. When you finally move in, you will feel more a part of the new community. Establish family traditions that move with you. Doing things together as a family makes you feel at home, no matter where you live.Moving is a difficult experience, but it also has many advantages. Psychologists say it stimulates growth, makes us adaptable, broadens our scope and gives us the opportunity to make new friends and enjoy new experiences. As a nation and as individuals, we are strengthened by our pioneer spirit. And if we can save on wear and tear-all the better.13. When people move, they .14. The word “upheaval” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to .15. Researchers have found that many people .16. Housewives are the worst sufferers from relocating because they .17. The author advises the reader to take things easy by .18. In conclusion, the author proposes that people should .

Everyone knows about straight-A student. They get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull and diligent students, their noses always stuck in a book. How, then, do we account for Paul Melendres? Melendres, now a freshman at the University of New Mexico, was student-body president at Valley High School in Albuquerque. He joined the soccer and basketball team of his school, exhibited at the science fair, was chosen for the National Honor Society and he achieved straight A’s in all his classes.How do super-achievers like Melendres do it? Brains aren’t the only answer. “Top grades don’t always go to the brightest students,” declares Herbert Walberg, a professor of education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who has conducted major studies on super-achieving students. “Knowing how to make the most of your innate abilities counts for more. Infinitely more.”Hard work isn’t the whole story, either. “It’s not how long you sit there with the books open,” said one of the many-A students we interviewed. “It’s what you do while you’re sitting.” Indeed, some of these students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their lower-scoring classmates. The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn.Set priorities. Top students brook no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is booted up, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business; business comes before recreation.Study anywhere - or everywhere. A cross-country runner who worked out every day used the time to memorize biology terms. Another student posted a vocabulary list by the medicine cabinet and learned a new word every day while brushing his teeth.Get organized. In high school, McCray ran track, played rugby and was in the band and orchestra. “I was so busy, I couldn’t waste time looking for a pencil or missing paper. I kept everything right where I could put my hands on it,” he says.Among the students we interviewed, study times were strictly a matter of personal preference. Some worked late at night when the house was quiet. Others awoke early. Still others studied as soon as they came home from school when the work was fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency.7. Which of the following statements might Herbert Walberg agree with?8. In paragraph three, the author stresses the importance of .9. “Top students brook no intrusions on study time.” (Para. 5) means that they .10. What tips might McCray offer to other students?11. What can we learn about study times from the last paragraph?12. What is the topic of the passage?

Many countries have made it illegal to talk into a hand-held mobile phone while driving. But the latest research provides further confirmation that the danger lies less in what a motorist’s hands do when he takes a call then in what the conversation does to his brain. Even using a “hands-free” device can impair a driver’s attention to an alarming extent.Melina Kunar of the University of Warwick and Todd Horowitz of the Harvard Medical School ran a series of experiments in which two groups of volunteers had to pay attention and respond to a series of moving tasks on a computer screen that were reckoned equivalent in difficulty to driving. One group was left undistracted while the other had to engage in a conversation about their hobbies using a speakerphone. As Dr. Kunar and Dr. Horowitz report in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, those who were making the equivalent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not. That, they calculate, would add 5.7 meters to the braking distance of a car traveling at 100 kph. They found that the group using the hands-free kit made 83 percent more errors in their tasks than those who were not talking.They also explored the effect of simply listening to something—such as a radio program. For this they played a recording of the first chapter of Bram Stoker’s “Dracula”. Even though the test subjects were told to pay attention because they would be asked questions about the story afterwards, it had little effect on their reaction time. Dr. Kunar reckons that having to think about responses during a phone conversation competes for the brain’s resources in a way that listening to a monologue does not. The research led by Frank Drews of the University of Utah suggests the same thing is true of the idle chatter of a passenger.Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult enough, even though they can be seen from outside the car. Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossible—especially because more and more vehicles are now being fitted with the necessary equipment as standard. Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer. Who knows, they might even come to enjoy not having to take calls. And they’ll be more likely to arrive in one piece.1. Which body part is most affected by talking into a cell phone when driving?2. In Kunar and Horowitz’s experiment, the subjects who perform tasks while talking .3. According to Frank Drews, listening to a passenger talking .4. The law forbidding the use of hand-held phones when driving .5. The best hope of stopping people using hands-free phones lies with .6. The purpose of the passage is to .

Air pollution has become a major problem in China, with haze occurring in many parts of the country more and more frequently, which has a hazardous effect on people’s health. In this part, you are going to write a short essay on the problem in 200-250 words, stating your own points of view.

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