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This touches on a fundamental challenge facing Europe: how to avoid having the economic crisis degenerate into a security crisis.

That was really a despicable act of terrorism and cowardly attacks on innocent civilians by holding children hostage.

This nation has become the fastest-growing grain import market, which is driven both by rapid population growth and by rising affluence.

In individualistic cultures, people put emphasis on self-interests, and tend to have emotional detachment from their in-group.

Facebook’s top executive are eligible for twice-a-year bonuses of up to 45 percent of their base salaries.

Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholder. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses’ pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses share options so that they have the same long-term interests as their shareholders.These reforms have been widely adopted by America’s larger companies, and surveys suggest that many more companies are thinking of following their, lead. But have they done any good? Three papers presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management in Boston this week suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intended.Start with those independent boards. On the face of it, dismissing the boss’s friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way to make senior managers more accountable. But that is not the conclusion of a study by Professor James Westphal. Instead, he found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsiders spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.All too often, these seductions succeed. Mr. Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, “independent” boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders. Such companies diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weaken the link between pay and performances. To assess the impact of performance-related pay, Mr. Westphal asked the bosses of 103 companies with sales of over1 billion dollars what measurements were used to determine their pay. The measurements varied widely, ranging from sales to earnings per share. But the researcher’s big discovery was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a company’s overall success.In Short, bosses are quick to turn every imaginable system of corporate government to their advantage— which is probably why they are the people who are put in charge of things. Here is a paradox for the management theorists: any boss who cannot beat a system designed to keep him under control is probably not worth having.25. The phrase “feathering their own nests” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to .26. What is the purpose of the large companies in recruiting outsiders and putting them on the board of directors?27. What does Professor James Westphal’s study suggests?28. The word “seduction” (Para.4) probably means .29. Which of the following statements is true?30. How does the author feel about the efforts to control senior executives?

About four years ago, Kerry Sturgill found herself at a career crossroads: Should she stay in an industry populated by extroverts (外向型的人) or jump ship to a more reflective place where introverts like her were in the majorityCareer counselors had told her to get out of the highly extroverted public relations fields “so you can be happy and do what you are.” Among the less fast-paced areas they pointes to: art, scientific research, data analysis.Such a move is definitely the right road for many introverts struggling to fit into an extroverted workplace. So, just what is an introvert anyway? It’s someone who is energized by thought and reflection, while extroverts are energized by socializing. Introverts naturally need to think before they speak. Extroverts use the speaking process to figure out what it is to say.And, needless to say, there are pluses and minuses to both personality types.Still, in the modern world where as many as two-thirds of the population may be extroverted, those who are the opposite can be misunderstood. They can be seen as antisocial, secretive, even territorial, because they can sometimes try to protect their “space” and quiet.Workplaces can actually benefit from having both types, says Deborah Barrett, program director of the Rice University MBA communications program.An introvert herself, she says she has the best of both worlds―working in an environment of professors, who tend towards introversion, yet getting to teach, which calls on her more “out there” skills.Here’s her advice for those looking to follow the same path:Make good use of e-mail. If you don’t get to make a point at a loud meeting, send a follow-up email sharing your thoughts.If you don’t have an office and are easily distracted by ongoing small talk, consider listening to music through headphones. But take care not to make your more sociable neighbors feel rejected.Sure, she says, if she had moved to a less stimulating environment, that might have “short- circuited a lot of my pain, but I also believe it would have short-circuited learning what’s made me a much more well-rounded person.” Her main lesson? “I don’t have to be an extrovert. I just have to play at being one for an hour.”19. According to the career counselors, .20. Which of the following statements is true?21. According to the author, introverts are sometimes misunderstood because they are .22. Deborah Barrett believes that teaching is a practice of .23. By “short-circuited a lot of my pain” (in the last paragraph), Deborah Barrette means “”.24. We can learn from Deborah Barrett’s case that introverted people __.

Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn’t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we ruin our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat-race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The old—if they are prepared to admit it—could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure, to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprise that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it?13. Which of the following features in the young is NOT mentioned?14. What do the young reject most?15. The phrase “shrug off” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .16. Why do the young stress on the present?17. What can the old learn from the young generation?18. The passage is focused on .

The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now, twitter, instant messaging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication―but none can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.Over the past year, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to people’s hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear, accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the H1N1 pandemic was announced, the idea of “swine flu” scared many people. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna’s speech about Michael Jackson, after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.It’s not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you’re taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument. In sports, athletes know the importance of a pep talk before a match to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we’re born with. Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.7. The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because .8. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking?9. Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPT .10. The phrase “pays tribute to” in Para. 7 is closest in meaning to .11. According to the passage, which of the following best explains the author’s view on “great speaking ability”?12. What is the main idea of the passage?

Is it possible to be both fat and fit—not just fit enough to exercise, but fit enough to live as long as someone a lot lighter? Not according to a 2004 study from the Harvard School of Public Health which looked at 115,000 nurses aged between 30 and 55, compared with women who were both thin and active, obese (overweight) but active women had a mortality rate that was 91% higher. Though far better than the inactive obese (142% higher), they were still worse off than the inactive lean (5% higher). A similar picture emerged in 2008 after researchers examined 39,000 women with an average age of 54. Compared with active women of normal weight, the active but overweight were 54% more likely to develop heart disease.That’s settled, then. Or is it? Steven Blair, a professor of exercise science at the University of South Carolina, describes the official focus on obesity as an “obsession ... and it’s not grounded in solid data”.Blair’s most fascinating study, in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2007, took 2,600 people aged 60 and above, of various degrees of fatness, and tested their fitness on the exercise device, rather than asking them to quantify it themselves. This is an unusually rigorous approach, he claims, since many rival surveys ask participants to assess their own fitness, or ignore it as a factor altogether.“There is an ‘association’ between obesity and fitness,” he agrees, “but it is not perfect. As you progress towards overweight, the percentage of individuals who are fit does go down. But here’s a shock: among class Ⅱ obese individuals (with a body mass index between 35 and 39.9), about 40% or 45% are still fit. You simply cannot tell by looking whether someone is fit or not. When we look at these mortality rates in fat people who are fit, we see that the harmful effect of fat just disappears: their death rate during the next decade is half that of the normal weight people who are unfit.”One day—probably about a hundred years from now—this fat-but-fit question will be answered without the shadow of a doubt. In the meantime, is there anything that all the experts agree on? Oh yes: however much your body weighs, you’ll live longer if you move about a bit.1. It can be learned that the 2008 research .2. Steven Blair probably considers the previous studies as .3. The major difference between Blair’s study and the previous research is that .4. Blair’s study proves that .5. It can be seen from the description of these studies that the author .6. The purpose of writing this passage is to .

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 200 words under the topic of “The Impact of the Internet on Inter-personal Communication”. Your composition should be based in the following tips: Tips: As the Internet becomes widely used, more and more people choose to communicate via QQ, WeChat, Facebook, etc. What do you think is the advantage and disadvantage of the Internet communication? State at least two reasons with specific details to support your point of view.

一个国家的经济实力带动其商业实力。20世纪20年代，英国公司拥有全世界直接海外投资40%的股份份额。而到了1967年，美国以50%的份额成为全球领头羊。这些数据的背后体现出的是文化的变革。英国人将电报和铁路传播到拉丁美洲，而美国公司则通过电影和广告将美好生活的理念兜售到世界各地。凯洛格（Kellogg）改变富人们的早餐习惯，柯达（Kodak）则帮助人们留住了假日的美好回忆。正如我们在本周的特别报告中所述，下一次企业的革命正发生在亚洲，它将改变整个世界的生活方式。

Happiness is a byproduct of something else. The most obvious sources are those pursuits that give our lives purpose—anything from studying insects to playing baseball. The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience. Finally, the belief that something permanent transcends us and that our existence has some larger meaning can help us be happier. We need a spiritual faith, or a philosophy of life. Whatever your philosophy, it should include this truism: if you choose to find the awful, you will be cursed. As with happiness itself, this is largely your decision to make.

According to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children 51 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: “Over 50% of children who die in crashes are 52 by safety devices. 53, 4 out of 5 children are improperly restrained.”The NHTSA offers a number of safety tips and 54 for those who are accompanied by children while driving. Although laws 55 from country to country and even from state to state, these guidelines may 56 food for thought to many parents and guardians of children. Please check your local laws and do 57 you can to keep your precious baby safe.The safest place for all children is in the back seat. Infants should be 58 in a rear-facing safety seat in the backseat of the car. A child at least a year old and 59 at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the child can use a “booster seat”, which is secured by one of the car’s lap and shoulder 60. At approximately 80 pounds and a height of about four feet nine inches, the child may begin using an adult safety belt.

Low interest rates created easy credit conditions, fueling a housing construction boom and encouraging consumption.

The number of people with Alzheimer’s disease in the United States is projected to more than double by 2050.

Fresh water is finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment.

The pathetic sight brought bit tears to my eyes again and made my chest ache with the weight of such sadness.

The bitter components in the vegetables will be released in cooking and eventually this bitterness will dissipate.

This touches on a fundamental challenge facing Europe: how to avoid having the economic crisis degenerate into a security crisis.

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