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What can the West’s overly indebted and sluggish nations learn from a flourishing Asia?First and foremost, the West should relearn the virtue of pragmatism. Just a few decades ago, Asia’s two giants were stagnating under their own politico-economic ideologies—Marxism in China, Nehruvian socialism in India respectively. However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, neither China nor India threw the proverbial baby out with the bath water—instead, they balanced capitalism with judicious government direction.Contrast this levelheaded middle path with America and Europe, which have each one ideologically overboard in their own ways—and whose utter lack of pragmatism helped precipitate the global financial crisis. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly infatuated with the ideology of unfettered free markets and dismissive of the role of government—following Ronald Reagan’s dictum that “government” is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem.”Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey to a different ideological trap; the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow.Just as Americans need to learn how to intelligently raise taxes, the Europeans need to learn how to intelligently cut expenditures—a challenge that Asian economies were taught to surmount by their own past crises.

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The sea lay like an unbroken mirror all around the pine-girl, lonely shores of Orr’s Island. Tall, kingly spruces wore their regal crowns of cones high in air, sparkling with diamonds of clear exuded gum; vast old hemlocks of primeval growth stood darkling in their forest shadows, their branches hung with long hoary moss; while feathery larches, turned to brilliant gold by autumn frosts, lighted up the darker shadows of the evergreens. It was one of those hazy, calm, dissolving days of Indian summer, when everything is so quiet that the faintest kiss of the Wave on the beach can be heard, and white clouds seem to faint into the blue of the sky, and soft swathing bands of violet vapor make all earth look dreamy, and give to the sharp, clear-cut outlines of the northern landscape all those mysteries of light and shade which impart such tenderness to Italian scenery.The funeral was over, the tread of many feet, bearing the heavy burden of two broken lives, had been to the lonely graveyard, and had come back again, each footstep lighter and more unconstrained as each one went his way from the great old tragedy of Death to the common cheerful walks of life.The solemn black clock stood swaying with its eternal “tick-tock, tick-tock” in the kitchen of the brown house on Orr’s Island. There was there that sense of a stillness that can be felt, such as settlers down on a dwelling when any of its inmates have passed through its door for the last time, to go whence they shall not return. The best room was shut up and darkened, with only so much light as could fall through a little heart-shaped hole in the widow-shutter, for except on solemn visits, or prayer-meetings, or weddings, or funerals, that room formed no part of the daily family scenery.The kitchen was clean and ample, with a great open fireplace and wide stone hearth, and oven on one side, and rows of old-fashioned splint-bottomed chairs against the wall. A table scoured to snowy whiteness, and a little work-stand whereon lay the Bible, the Missionary Herald, and the Weekly Christian Mirror, before named, formed the principal furniture. One feature, however, must not be forgotten, a great sea-chest, which had been the companion of Zephaniah through all the countries of the earth. Old, and battered, and unsightly it yet report said that there was good store within of that which men for the most part respect more than anything else; and indeed, it proved often when a deed of grace was to be done, when a woman was suddenly made a widow in a coast gale, or a fishing-smack was run down in the frogs off the banks, leaving in some neighboring cottage a family of orphans, in all such cases, the opening this sea-chest was an event of good omen to the bereaved; for Zephaniah had a large heart and a large hand, and was apt to take it out full of silver dollars when once it went in. So the Ark of the Covenant could not have been looked on with more reverence than the neighbors usually showed to Captain Pennell’s sea-chest.1. The writer describes Orr’s Island in a( )manner.2. According to the passage, the “best room”( )3. From the description of the kitchen we can infer that the house belongs to people who( ).4. The passage implies that( ).5. From the description of Zephaniah we can tell that he( )

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Taking a low-dose aspirin every day will reduce your chances of dying from cancer, scientists say today, confirming the over-the-counter pills as the most extraordinary drug yet discovered.Daily aspirin has already been shown to cut the chances of heart attacks and stroke in people who are at risk. The study public today in the Lancet medical journal reveals that it also has a powerful preventive action against a range of cancers and possibly more of them than there is currently enough evidence to prove.While the doctors who carried out the study say it is not for them to make recommendations, the lead author, 46-year-old Prof Peter Rothwell from Oxford University, says he has been taking aspirin for the last two years. The beneficial dose is 75mg - a quarter of a standard tablet, which is 300mg. Some pharmacies sell low-dose tablets, but at a higher price.Rothwell and his colleagues have already shown that daily aspirin cuts death rates from colorectal cancer by more than a third. For the study published today, they examined all the data they could find from well-conducted trials that had assessed the use of aspirin against a control drug and had recorded deaths from cancer.In eight trials involving more than 25,000 patients, they found there were 21% fewer deaths after five years among those who took a daily aspirin tablet, compared with those who did not. The effect was most noticeable in gastrointestinal cancers, where deaths dropped by 54%.Patients in aspirin trials 20 years ago were still 20% less likely to die of a solid tumor and 35% less likely to die of gastrointestinal cancer.They found that the effects of the aspirin seemed to kick in for pancreatic, brain, esophageal and lung cancer (generally not the sort triggered by smoking) after patients had been taking it for five years or more. For stomach and colorectal cancer, the effects were seen after 10 years and for prostate cancer after 15 years. After 20 years, the risk of death from prostate cancer was reduced by 10%, for lung cancer by 30%, for colorectal cancer by 40% and for esophageal cancer by 60%.The scientists believe benefits may be even greater than they could establish.The impact on pancreas, stomach and brain cancers was difficult to quantify exactly because of smaller numbers of deaths, they say. There could be an effect in breast and ovarian cancers, but there is not enough trial data to prove it.Those in the trials took aspirin for only four to eight years. Rothwell believes that if people took aspirin for 20-30 years, from the age of around 45 or 50, they might substantially reduce the risk of cancer, which steadily increases as people age.Rothwell and colleagues believe their findings should tip the balance of risk/benefit in favour of daily aspirin dosing. While millions of people started taking the tablets after evidence that it cut their chances of heart attacks and stroke, there has been something of a medical back-pedaling, because aspirin can cause stomach bleeding.1. Over-the-counter pills refer to drugs that can be obtained( ).2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. The effect of a daily aspirin tablet was most noticeable in( ).4. How many years did those patients take aspirins in the eight trials?5. For colorectal cancer, the effects of the aspirin were seen after( )years.

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After three weeks of fruitless haggling with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, the Obama administration has given up its efforts to persuade the Israeli government to freeze construction of Jewish settlements for 90 days, a senior administration official said Tuesday.The decision leaves Middle East peace talks in flux, with the Palestinians refusing to resume direct negotiations absent a moratorium the United States struggling to find another formula to bring them back to the table. It is another setback in what has proved to be a star-crossed campaign by President Obama.The administration decided to pull the plug, officials said, because it concluded that even if Mr. Netanyahu persuaded his cabinet to accept a freeze — which he had not yet been able to do — the 90-day negotiating period would not have produced the progress on core issues that the United States originally had sought.Administration officials did not offer a Plan B to revive the talks, and analysts said it was not clear that the administration had one, beyond a general commitment to keep talking to the Israelis and Palestinians about the major issues that divide them: borders, security and the status of Jerusalem, among others.A preview of the administration’s next move could come in an address on Middle East policy that Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton is scheduled to deliver on Friday at the Brookings Institution. But the administration’s strategy appeared to be unsettled.“Wisely, in my view, the administration is bending to reality,” said Robert Malley, a peace negotiator in the Clinton administration, “The most likely scenario is that this moratorium was going to buy them a short reprieve, and was then going to plunge them into the same crisis they were in before”.Neither the Israelis nor the Palestinians issued a response to the news. But administration officials said the United States made the decision after consultations between Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Netanyahu. The two had hammered out the agreement on a 90-day freeze, which Mr. Netanyahu later said he could not sell to his cabinet without written security assurances from the Americans.Those assurances, which included 20 F-35 stealth airplanes and an American pledge to veto anti-Israel resolutions at the United Nations, were never delivered to the Israelis. While that package is now off the table, an official said, he reiterated that the United States would continue to protect Israel’s security and fight efforts to challenge its legitimacy in international organizations.In the short run, analysts said the failure raised questions about Mr. Netanyahu’s capacity to negotiate a final deal.But the Palestinians also shifted their position, insisting that a settlement freeze must include East Jerusalem as well as the West Bank. Israel’s initial 10-month moratorium included only the West Bank. The United States never asked Mr. Netanyahu to expand it to Jerusalem, and analysts said Mr. Netanyahu would never have been able to persuade his right-wing cabinet to go along with it.There were also deeply divergent views about what the two sides would discuss during the 90 days, officials said. The Palestinians wanted the talks to focus tightly on the borders of a future Palestinian state. Mr. Netanyahu resisted that, saying the two sides must discuss the full gamut of issues rather than just borders.Mr. Obama began direct negotiations with great hoopla in early September, but the talks ground to a halt within weeks over the issue of settlements. After meeting three times in that month, Mr. Netanyahu and the Palestinian Authority president, Mahmoud Abbas, have not sat down since then.1. A star-crossed campaign refers to a(n)( )one.2. The administration’s next move is about to( ).3. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?4. A short reprieve refers to a short( ).5. Which of the following serves to be the best title of this passage?

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Ten years of living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or A.L.S, progressive, paralyzing disease, have stilled nearly every muscle; Dr. Jules Lodish types with twitches of his cheek, detected by a sensor clipped to this glasses. But when people ask him how he feels about his life, Dr. Lodish, his eyes expressing the intensity denied to his body, responds: “I still look forward today.”A.L.S. or Lou Gehrig’s disease, is often described as a kind of living death in, which the body goes flaccid while mind remains intact and acutely aware. The prospect of being trapped in an inert body and being totally dependent on others drives many sufferers to suicide.When Attorney General John Ashcroft attacked an Oregon law allowing doctor-assisted suicide in 2001—a case that is still working its ways through the legal system—patients with the disease were among those who supported the law in court.But while the legal case and much of the national attention have focused on the issue of the right to die, less is known about those patients who want to live, and like Dr. Lodish, will go to extraordinary lengths to do so.With adequate medical care, patients often can live for years relatively free of physical pain from the disease itself. “It’s more a sort of existential, psychic sort of pain,” said Dr. Leo McCluskey, a neurologist in Philadelphia who treats many people with the disease.As a result, patients and their families are forced, on a daily basis, to take stock of the meaning and quality of their lives and to make repeated decisions about how much is too much.“With A.L.S., you have a choice about when to stop treatment, letting nature take its course.” said Dr. Linda Ganzini, a professor of psychiatry at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland, who has studied patients making end-of-life decisions.What keeps many patients alive, experts say, is a sense of having unfinished business—perhaps a milestone “like getting the last kid off to college” said Dr. Mellar P. Davis, a professor hematology and medical oncology at the Cleveland Clinic.Those patients who do best are those who have insurance that covers nursing and medical care, allowing them to avoid some of the major health risks associated with the disease, and family members who can cover the hours when expert help is unavailable.Many patients, Dr. Ganzini said, have deep religious beliefs that help sustain them, and they are able, “to find hope in the future, find meaning and tolerate the daily ongoing losses that they are experiencing.”Dr. Lodish’s body sits limp in a wheelchair and his tongue lolls; a machine breathes for him through a tracheostomy tube in his throat. He lost the ability to talk more than three years ago, he says, then jokes, “But not the ability to be annoying.”There are no half measures for Dr. Lodish, a hematologist who devised his own intricately detailed treatment regimen. He wrote a 30-page guide for his nurses that sets standards for a sterile environment that go beyond hospital practices, rules that have helped him avoid the infections that kill many patients. When he could no longer eat, he did the research to come up with a recipe for the nutrient blend that flows down his feeding tube—even determining that the ingredients were kosher—and he typed the two-page guide to its preparation, twitch by twitch, with a special program on the laptop that helps him to choose whole words or phrases from scrolling lists.This wire to the world keeps him connected to his family and friends, and allows him to remain an important part of their lives. He continues to provide medical consultation, and now advises patients with A.L.S. and their families on how to organize their own care and use the communication devices he has mastered.“One irony is with many people I communicate more now than when I was well,” Dr. Lodish said.By holding on, he said, he has been able to see many of life’s milestones, including the marriages of two of his three children.When his older daughter, Elizabeth Lester, became pregnant with the first grandchild, she asked her father to make the official family announcement.“He still plays the same role for me” she said, “I still consult him on financial matters and other kinds of things.”Dr. Lodish said that his own determination to live comes, in part, from his long experience in treating cancer patients, who often feel that a diagnosis is a death sentence.1. A.L.S. is a disease that( ).2. Jules Lodish( ).3. All the following are possible reasons why the patients with A.L.S. can live a better life EXCEPT( ).4. Dr. Lodish manages to live with A.L.S. mainly because he( ).5. Which of the following tasks is NOT undertaken by Dr. Jules Lodish?

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