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The benefits of a diverse workforce are only seen if the staff is well managed. Bosses need to understand that people with differing backgrounds will come up with ideas in different ways and give them the flexibility to be creative in their custom.That comes together with a couple steps; first, managers need to be sure they are actively pursuing new hires that not only add diversity but also offer a new perspective.The key is not just adding a Hispanic woman to the staff because you don’t have one now. It’s best to seek people whose backgrounds are different from your current staff as they will likely find solutions in different ways.Take the accounting firm Deloitte, an early adopter of diversity. The firm was training minorities to become top managers, but then it often lost them before they reached the executive level—as often happens in that profession. So Deloitte created a new executive training program that urged its accountants to stay on rather than jumping to another firm for advancement. This assured that the minorities the company was grooming for top management wouldn’t leave the company before reaching higher ranks.But it’s not just about putting minorities in a few jobs and having them run things as usual. For instance, immigrants from countries where banks have failed or simply aren’t trusted may need to build a relationship with someone in a branch before depositing their money. A local branch manager who understands that relationship may be more likely to get that business.Having a diverse workforce is only an advantage if you’re able to utilize that diversity. It’s understanding the experience of people and what they can bring to your business.The floating market is a little microcosm of that. Every day, locals and tourists peruse the stands and counters that jut out from the boats. The customers are all shades and backgrounds, and that’s just the way the islanders like it.The same can happen at offices. But it’s up to managers to show they value ideas as creative as the floating market.1. Which of the following statements best summarizes the passage?2. What is most valued about minority groups?3. What does the author intend to say in the fourth paragraph?4. What is the advantage of a minority bank worker according to the passage?5. What is a floating market probably like?

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“Very few people like to talk about how much money they make—especially people who earn a lot of money,” wrote Salmon in his post Why Salaries Shouldn’t Be Secret, in the wake of news that recently—departed New York Times editor Jill Abramson had started asking questions about the pay discrepancy between her and her predecessor. “Since companies tend to be run by people who earn a lot of money, the result is a culture of silence and secrecy when it comes to pay.”There are several surprising reasons. “Secrecy surrounding pay is generally a bad idea for any organizations,” Salmon wrote. “For one thing, secrecy about pay is bad for women, who are worse at asking for raises than men are. If men secretly ask for raises and secretly get then, while women don’t, then that helps to explain, at least in part, why men end up earning more than women,” Salmon wrote. “Secrecy around pay is also a great way to allow managers to—consciously or unconsciously —play favorites with their staff.”“We’ve all worked in companies, I’m sure, where the only way to get a substantial raise is to confront management with a job offer from somewhere else,” he added. “That’s clearly a dreadful way to run a company, since it gives all employees a huge incentive to spend a lot of time looking for work elsewhere, even if they’re happy where they are.”“If you work for a company where everybody knows what everybody else is earning, then it’s going to be very easy to see what’s going on. You’ll see who the stars are, you’ll see what kind of skills and talent the company rewards,” he wrote. “You’ll also see whether men get paid more than women, whether managers are generally overpaid, and whether behavior like threatening to quit is rewarded with big raises. What’s more, because management knows that everybody else will see such things, they’ll be much less likely to do the kind of secret deals which are all too common in most companies today.”1. What do we learn from the first paragraph?2. What is a possible reason why men usually earn more than women according to Salmon?3. The italicized phrase “play favorites with” most likely means to ______.4. Another big problem secrecy about pay might cause is ______.5. What does Salmon suggest might happen if there is no secrecy in pay?

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Art is considered by many people to be no more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sand paintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or get in touch with the supernatural-perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To break away from this, the sick person or one of his relatives will employ a medical man called a “singer” to perform a curing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being. During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the “singer” will produce a sand painting on the floor. On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sand painting and the “singer” will rub the ailing parts of the patient’s body from a specific figure in the sand painting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong. After the ceremony, the sand painting is then destroyed and disposed of so its power won’t harm anyone.The art of sand painting is handed down from old “singers”. The materials used are easily found where the Navaho settle: brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is ground much as corn is ground into flour. The “singer” holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his fingers onto a clean, flat surface on the floor, with a steady hand and great patience. He is thus able to create designs of stylized people, snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system. The traditional Navaho doesn’t allow copying sand paintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this; however, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft.1. A good title for this article might be ______.2. The purpose of healing ceremony is ______.3. The “singer” rub sand on the patient because _______.4. What is used to produce a sand painting?5. It can be inferred that ______.

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