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Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people ________.

The factors which would influence the learning will ________ with each other.

The poor quality of sound of the film ruined the ________ perfect.

Tourist industry ________ greatly to the economy of our country during the seven-day holiday of National Day.

Directions: Write T for truth and F for false after each of the statements below the passage. The escalating cost of higher education is causing many to question the value of continuing education beyond high school. Many wonder whether the high cost of tuition, the opportunity cost of choosing college over full-time employment, and the accumulation of thousands of dollars of debt is, in the long run, worth the investment. The risk is especially large for low-income families who have a difficult time making ends meet without the additional burden of college tuition and fees.In order to determine whether higher education is worth the investment, it is useful to examine what is known about the value of higher education and the rates of return on investment to both the individual and to society.There is considerable support for the notion that the rate of return on investment in higher education is high enough to warrant the financial burden associated with pursuing a college degree. Though the earnings differential between college and high school graduates varies over time, college graduates, on average, earn more than high school graduates. According to the Census Bureau, over an adult’s working life, high school graduates earn an average of $1.2 million; associate’s degree holders earn about $1.6 million; and bachelor’s degree holders earn about $2.1 million.These sizeable differences in lifetime earnings put the costs of college study in realistic perspective. Most students today—about 80 percent of all students—enroll either in public 4-year colleges or in public 2-year colleges. According to the U.S. Department of Education report, a full-time student at a public 4-year college pays an average of $8,655 for in-state tuition, room and board. A full-time student in a public 2-year college pays an average of $1,359 per year in tuition.These statistics support the contention that, though the cost of higher education is significant, given the earnings disparity that exists between those who earn a bachelor’s degree and those who do not, the individual rate of return on investment in higher education is sufficiently high to warrant the cost.College graduates also enjoy benefits beyond increased income. A report published by the Institute for Higher Education Policy reviews the individual benefits that college graduates enjoy, including higher levels of saving, increased personal/professional mobility, improved quality of life for their offspring, better consumer decision making, and more hobbies and leisure activities. According to a report published by the Carnegie Foundation, non-monetary individual benefits of higher education include the tendency for postsecondary students to become more open-minded, more cultured, more rational, more consistent and less authoritarian; these benefits are also passed along to succeeding generations. Additionally, college attendance has been shown to decrease prejudice, enhance knowledge of world affairs and enhance social status while increasing economic and job security for those who earn bachelor’s degrees.Research has also consistently shown a positive correlation between completion of higher education and good health, not only for oneself, but also for one’s children. In fact, parental schooling levels are positively correlated with the health status of their children and increased schooling are correlated with lower mortality rates for given age brackets.A number of studies have shown a high correlation between higher education and cultural and family values, and economic growth. There is the tendency for more highly educated women to spend more time with their children; these women tend to use this time to better prepare their children for the future. It is reported that college graduates appear to have a more optimistic view of their past and future personal progress.Public benefits of attending college include increased tax revenues, greater workplace productivity, increased consumption, increased workforce flexibility, and decreased reliance on government financial support.It is estimated that around 600,000 students leave 4-year colleges annually without graduating. These noncompleters earn less than college graduates because they get fewer years of education. More surprising, they tend to earn less than or the same amount as 2-year college students who have as much education. Furthermore, 2-year college students show about the same gains in tested cognitive skills for each year of attendance as 4-year college students. Students at 4-year colleges also pay more in tuition and are more likely to have student loan debts than 2-year students. The authors conclude that high school graduates of modest ability or uncertain motivation—factors that increase their chances of leaving college before graduation—would be well-advised to consider attending 2-year, instead of 4-year, colleges. If they did, they would probably realize the same earnings and cognitive skill gains at lower cost and with less debt. In order to maximize the return on their time and monetary investment, students who do choose to enroll in 4-year colleges should do everything in their power to graduate.While it is clear that investment in a college degree, especially for those students in the lowest income brackets, is a financial burden, the long-term benefits to individuals as well as to society at large, appear to far outweigh the costs.1. The cost of a college education has remained steady for several years. ( )2. Some people have to borrow large amounts of money to pay for college. ( )3. About 80 percent of college students study at public colleges. ( )4. Higher education has both the economic value and social value. ( )5. The average bachelor's degree holder makes over two million dollars. ( )6. College graduates enjoy benefits much more than just increased income. ( )7. There is no correlation between parental schooling levels and the health status of their children. ( )8. Students leaving 4-year colleges without graduating is estimated to have reached about 600,000. ( )9. In order to maximize the return on their time and monetary investment, students of 4-year colleges do everything to make up the loss. ( )10. The differences in lifetime earnings between college and high school graduates are not much considerable. ( )

The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions scientists continue to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interests are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposed—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The most of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.1. According to the writer, science can be simply referred to as ___.2. Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?3. About pure science, the author holds that _.4. Applied science is an approach aimed at _____.5. Which title best expresses the main idea of the passage?

In cooperative learning, students help other students within groups of four to five persons in an effort to reach goals. Adaptations of cooperative learning can be effective at many age levels from the late elementary grades up through adult levels. It can be used in both second-and foreign-language teaching situations.In cooperative learning there is an interdependence established among the students in each group as they strive for the achievement of group or individual objectives. This technique draws from both behaviorism and humanism. On the one hand, it frequently offers group rewards (in the form of points or grades) as its prime motivation; on the other, it urges students to develop more fully their own individual identities while respecting those of others. It must be remembered, however, that the students should be cognitively able to handle its challenges in whatever situations the teacher wishes to incorporate it.The results of studies done on cooperative learning indicate great potential for some aspects of the method to produce academic success, especially in classes of mixed ethnicity. In almost all the studies (89%) in which group rewards were based on individual achievement, there were noted achievement gains. On the other hand, in studies in which only individual grades were given, or a group grade was given based on a group product, achievement was roughly the same as that found in the control classes. Moreover, several studies indicated that medium to low achievers seem to benefit most and that their accomplishments were not made to the detrimental of high achievers.One drawback of cooperative learning, if it is used extensively at beginning to intermediate levels with second or foreign-language students, is the possibility of early fossilization. It is reported that students who are not proficient in the target language do not provide adequate models for each other. This is not to say, however, that all nonnative peer grouping should be avoided. On the contrary, such groups can provide comfortable environments in which the students can practice giving output and negotiating for meaning. The danger, it would seem, comes when nonnative peers are the major source of input during the language acquisition process. Though learners cannot provide each other with the accurate grammatical and sociolinguistic input that native speakers can provide them, learners can offer each other genuine communicative practice, including the negotiations for meaning that may aid second language acquisition.1. Cooperative learning can be effectively adapted, according to the passage, at many age levels except ___.2. Cooperative learning, according to the passage, is theoretically based on .3. Which of the following statements is not true about cooperative learning?4. The results of studies show that _.5. The writer’s understanding of the drawback (in para. 4) is that nonnative peers __.

Directions: Some people think that scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write a composition of about 300 words to give your opinion.

这些读者既“温故”，读文史，了解过去；又“知新”，爱科学、展望未来。他们愿意从各种各样的书籍中探索找寻生活的乐趣、人生的乐趣、思维的乐趣和智慧的乐趣。他们看市井风俗、社会百态，看多彩人生和丰富感情。他们生活在现在，同时也生活在过去和未来，他们最大限度地体会读书带来的追求智慧的乐趣。正如王小波说的：“智慧本身就是好的。有一天我们都会死去，追求智慧的道路还会有人在走着。死掉以后的事我看不到，但在我活着的时候，想到这件事，心里就高兴。”

Early men were also greatly interested in the stars they saw twinkling in the sky at night. What they did not realize was that the stars were also present during the daytime, but their light was not visible because of the brilliance of the sun. How did they discover this?There is one event which does enable us to see the stars in the daytime. It is the total eclipse of the sun (日全食), when the moon passes in front of the sun and hides it from view. When this happens, the sky becomes dark enough for the stars to be seen. Total eclipses of this kind do not occur very often and are not likely to be seen from the same area more than once every fifty-four years. One can imagine what an awe-inspiring sight it must have been for an early man, who would remember the event for the rest of his life.So man watched the movements of the sun, the moon and the stars and wondered about them. It was practicing the oldest branch of science—astronomy.

The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before considering this question, （1）will be useful to introduce some （2）concepts. Conflict, （3） as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is （4） from competition, （5）means opposition among social units （6） seeking to obtain something which is （7）inadequate supply. Competitors may not know about one another, which those who（8）in a conflict do. Conflict and competition are both （9） of opposition. The meaning of opposition has been stated as a process by which social units function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is （10） contrasted to cooperation, a （11）by which social units function in the service of one another. These （12） are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited （13）, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very （14） to occur and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have based their arguments that war cannot be avoided on the idea （15） in the struggle for existence among groups of animals, only those which are best adapted remain （16）. In general, however, this struggle （17） is competition, not conflict. Those who fail in this competition （18） starve to death or are killed by other types of animals. This struggle for existence is not （19） human war, but is（20） the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The most important quality of this struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are not enough to satisfy all.

The English language contains a(n) ______ of words which are comparative seldom used in ordinary conversation.

I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be ______ to it.

We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always ______ enough.

Doctors must inform ______ parents about the low odds of success in fertility treatments.

Tom doesn’t think that the ______ situation here is as good as his hometown’s.

Customers may also be permitted to ______ their current accounts for a short period in anticipation of a credit item coming in.

In Britain people ______ more than four million tons of potatoes every year.

In a sudden ______ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.

Last year, the crime rate in Chicago sharply ______.

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