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It’s time you（）some reading or the other students will leave you behind.

The（）difference in Chinese dialect has become a problem in mutual communication among people.

The old man（）defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion which enabled him to win the respect of all people.

Being able to speak two languages fluently is not enough for a person to become a（）interpreter. Learning how to speak and listen is also essential.

A: Lee, have you seen that new vampire movie everyone’s talking about?B: No, I haven’t, I（）horror films.

After newspaper reports claimed the company was dumping toxic waste illegally. It came under（）from the authorities.

Investigators believe the fire was caused by（）electrical wiring. They said the building’s wiring had not been done by a professional electrician.

The athlete has been accused of（）his performance with illegal drugs, but he firmly denies the charges.

Signs warned that the trail was（）even in good weather conditions, so only experienced and well-equipped hikers should attempt it.

American and Chinese cultures are（1）in some ways. An American hostess,（2）for her culinary (烹调) skill, is likely to say, “Oh, I’m so glad you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” Not so a Chinese hostess, who will instead（3）for giving you nothing even slightly（4）and for not showing you enough honor（5）providing proper dishes.The same rules hold true（6）children. American parents speak proudly of their children’s achievements, telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor roll. Not so Chinese parents, whose children, even if at the top of their school, are always so “naughty”, never studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth.The Chinese take pride in “modesty”; Americans（7）“straightforwardness”. This modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness（8）three refusals before one accepts an offer, and American hosts take a “no” to mean “non”, whether it’s the first, second, or third time.Recently, a member of a delegation sent to China by a large American corporation, complained to me about how the Chinese had asked them three times if they would be willing to change some proposal, and each time the Americans had said “no” clearly and（9）. My friend was angry that the Chinese had not taken his word the first time. I recognized the problem immediately and（10）why the Americans had not studied up on cultural difference before coming to China. It would have saved everyone a lot of perplexity and needless frustration in their negotiations.

Do you agree or disagree with the flowing statement? Sometimes it is better not to tell the truth. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

在西方，启蒙思想的支撑源于人们对于客观规律的认知，如哥白尼的“日心说”、牛顿的“万有引力”、伽利略的“宇宙论”等，认为整个宇宙中的一切物体都遵守同一定律，进而冲破千年的宗教束缚，将这一一理性思考引入了人类社会，从而开创了一个不断进取的新时代。在中国，几千年的封建农业社会，使得科技落后、法治传统缺乏，只是受到近代西方启蒙思想(包括马克思主义)的影响，才引入了科学、民主、法治的概念，开始与世界文明接轨。

I don’t recall French civilization feeling so important in my lifetime. There will be ugly arguments over the coming weeks, once the first shock passes, over who was responsible, how this disaster happened, what negligence was involved. But in those silent, reverent, hymn-singing crowds on the streets of Paris, I also saw the possibility of a French coming-together in the determination to rebuild not only the Notre-Dame cathedral, but also a nation shaken by the violence of the Yellow Vest movement and the social divisions it reflects. The story of Notre-Dame is a story of endurance and rebirth.

There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from sending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment,（1）there are opportunities for overseas service for qualified technicians in developing countries. Some people, （2）those who retire early, offer their technical and business skills in countries（3）there is a special need.So in considering voluntary or paid community service, there are more opportunities than there（4）were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time staff, and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different. In some ways they may seem more（5）and less efficient, but one should not judge them by commercial（6）.The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different objectives, both personal and organizational. One should not join them（7）to arm them with professional expertise; they must be joined with commitment to the cause, not business（8）Because salaries are small or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community service for（9）， simply because they enjoy the work.Many community activities possible in retirement were also possible during one's working life but they are to be undertaken no less seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider（10）community service.

According to the new school of scientists technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement an invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The core of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system often sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs genius dispute. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.1. What leads to the expansion of science in terms of the new school of scientists?2.What is the nature of scientific revolution according to a leader of the new school?3.Why does modern school of scientists pay attention to the invention and improvement of tools and technology?4.What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?

Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes may not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye which is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner”.The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye contact: If they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1. The author is convinced that the eyes are（）.2.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person（）.3.According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to（）.4.To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants（）.

Gregory Currie, a professor of philosophy eat the University of Nottingham, recently argued in The New York Times that we ought not to claim that literature improves us as people, because there is no “compelling evidence that suggests that people are morally or socially better for reading Tolstoy” or other great books.Actually, there is such evidence. Raymond Mar, a psychologist at York University in Canada, and Keith Oatley, a professor of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto, reported in studies published in 2006 and 2009 that individuals who often read fiction appear to be better able to understand other people, empathize (起共鸣)with them and view the world from their perspective. This link persisted even after the researchers factored in the possibility that more empathetic individuals might choose to read more novels.Recent research in cognitive science, psychology and neuroscience has demonstrated that deep reading of books is a distinctive experience, very different from the information-driven reading we do on the Web. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely conducive to the deep reading experience. A book's lack of hyperlinks allows the reader to remain fully immersed in the narrative, without having to make such decisions as whether to click on a link or not.That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity, by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even increasing our real-life capacity for empathy.This is not reading as many young people are coming to know it. Their reading, mostly done onscreen, is pragmatic and instrumental. If we allow our children to believe reading onscreen is all there is, we will have deprived them of an enjoyable and enlightening experience that will enlarge them as people. Instead molding our education around young people’s attachment to digital devices and onscreen habits, we need to show them some place they’ve never been to, a place only deep reading can take them to.1. Prof, Gregory Currie argues that（）.2.The studies of Raymond Mar and Keith Oatley show that（）.3.Deep reading of paper books compared with reading on the web（）.4.It can be learned from the passage that the author（）.

There are Americans who visit France and come back saying “the French are so rude. ”I feel differently. I think Americans perceive French behavior “rude” because it doesn't follow American rules. You can't assume that everyone in France should speak English. You can't approach a French stranger with a big American hello and “how are you” and expect them to respond in kind. However, if you look them in the eye, give a slight nod with a gentle hello, they will respond favorably. Most French people I meet are subtle and dignified. They are not loud, and they are reserved in their expressions. We like to say words like “great”, “magnificent”, or “marvelous ”The French will say “pas mal” (not bad) even if they win the lottery! And you will be wrong if you think Europeans don't have their own negative idea of Americans. Most young Europeans I've met view Americans as “fake” and loud, since we do tend to have big hellos and smiles for strangers and ask “how are you” and walk away before a response. We should make a conscious effort to show the French that we can adjust to our surroundings, and that we don't expect to enter a foreign country and have everything be just as we wish it to be.I wasn’t able to completely forget my American roots during my stay. I was still the one getting strange looks wearing my sandals in the cold (with socks of course). I was still the one with the loudest laugh. And I could never quite get my voice to that level which is “loud enough for the waiter to hear but not nearby diners” I will always feel a bit like an awkward teenager as I stumble my way around Europe. I was very lucky in that my French friends insisted my American idiosyncrasies (习性) were charming and deserving of acceptance.So look at the French in a new light. They have a rich culture, a rich past. I can attest to the fact that if you are kind and polite, you will gain friends, and perhaps even improve foreign relations!1. According to the passage, what makes Americans think that the French are rude?2.Compared with Americans, the French tend to（）when they give compliments.3.Which of the flowing does the author probably agree?4.The main purpose of the passage can be best put as to（）.

In a recent study, neuroscientists found that playing fast-paced video games could help improve dyslexic children’s reading speed, and the improvements did not fade with time.Researchers tested the reading ability of two groups of 10-year-old dyslexic children after one group had played action video games and the other played non-action video games. Each group was composed of 10 children who played 80 minutes of video games a day for nine days, equaling 12 hours of play per child. Their reading skills were measured on a number of factors, including how fast they read words and how accurately they read them. Results showed that improvements in reading speed achieved from playing fast-paced video games could even exceed improvements gained from a year’s intense, traditional therapies.Scientists aimed to prove that there’s a correlation between a dyslexic child’s visual attention span and their ability to read. Action video games are distinguished from non-action video games by such characteristics as game speed, a high sensory-motor load, and presentation of multiple, peripheral stimuli. Action video game players constantly receive both external and internal feedback on their performance, producing learning.It turned out that the assumptions of researchers were correct. Action video game players defeated their non-action peers in improvements. Only action game kids showed general reading improvements, up to 40 percent, while non-action readers showed no improvement. The action gamers also improved their basic text reading by as much as 60 percent, while non-action gamers showed a more modest 5 percent-10 percent gain.Though more research is needed to nail down the specific role that action games play in the improvements, the researchers claimed their data is the start. They believe their findings show that attention can be studied and efficiently trained during infancy. This can pave the way for low-resource-demanding early prevention programs that could drastically reduce the incident of reading disorders.1. What does the recent study discussed in the passage show?2.Researchers of the study conducted their test by（）.3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a difference between action video games and non-action ones?4.Results of the study confirmed scientists assumption that（）.

We are sorry to inform you that the shipment is not（）the standard in the contract.

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