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When seen in this light, the language these reporters use is more complex than it _____.

My car crawled along a main road where a line of traffic was ______ so tightly together that it was almost stationary.

When the storm broke, the flock of sheep were ______ in all directions.

The mother separated the quarrelling children, and gave each of them a sharp ______.

They ______ on a cure for tuberculous while they were doing research on something else.

In today’s medical, little agreement exists on the ______ for defining mental illness.

It is well known that knowledge is the ______ condition for expansion of mind.

The leader went his own way in ______ of the public opinion, which aroused great anger among the people.

Such a change would not ______ to the wishes of the great majority of the people.

Is there any possible ______ explanation for his bad health since he seems to have no obvious disease?

______ the bad weather has delayed the flight, so it would be several hours before they could arrive.

Section ADirections: You are advised to write an essay more than 100 words. “Nowadays people spend too much of their spare time indoors”. How far do you agree with this statement? (10%)

Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet. (10%)Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years than in the entire previous history of science. While no single discovery has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that nuclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance—making the consequences of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.

Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet. (10%)充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。放宽国内民间资本的市场准入领域，在投融资、税收、土地使用和对外贸易等方面采取措施，实现公平竞争。依法加强监督和管理，促进非公有制经济健康发展，完善保护私人财产的法律制度。

There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accomplished by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopter, insulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, sillicons, and plexiglass were developed through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams.Despite these findings, we are urged to support monopolistic power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm, cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the prodigious assets of the giant corporation or conglomerate can afford the kind of expenditure that can produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditure for research, we find that of the more than $35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, do much to protect our diminishing resources.Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter our longstanding conception of the process actuated by competition. The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the process is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation, investment in innovation—a risky and expensive budget item—might meet resistance from management and stockholders who might be more concerned with cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budget, it would be an egregious error to assume that the monopolistic producer should be equated with bountiful expenditures for research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change. Furthermore, the firm with a small share of the market will aggressively pursue new techniques and different products, since with little vested interest in capital equipment or plant it is not deterred from investment in innovation. In some cases, where inter-industry competition is reduced or even entirely eliminated, the industrial giants may seek to avoid capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress.The conglomerates are not, however, completely exempt from strong competitive pressures; there are instances in which they, too, must compete, as against another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovation.41. According to the passage, important inventions of twentieth century .42. It is the author’s belief, as expressed or implied in the passage, that .43. Management and stockholders might be deeply concerned with cost-cutting rather than innovation if .44. It can be inferred from the passage that the author .45. The amount of money spent by the federal government for non-military research and product development is .46. Which of the following statements is neither expressed nor implied in the passage?47. The author’s purpose in this passage is to .48. Which of the following best supports the thesis that industrial giants do not best serve to provide the innovation we need to improve our standard of living and protect our diminishing resources?49. The industrial giants may seek to avoid capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress. The sentence means .50. According to the author, the conglomerates may spend large amount on innovation because .

For reasons yet to be fully understood, one out of ten human beings in the world is left-handed, and from one generation to the next, this ratio is roughly preserved. As we know, left-handedness cuts across socioeconomic, ethnic, and gender lines. Yet throughout history prominent figures in science—to say nothing of religion—have identified in left-handedness signs of viciousness or worse. In 1903, Italian physician Cesare Lombroso identified left-handedness as one of the degeneracy signs of the born criminals. Three years later, Dr. Wilhelm Fliess suggested that left-handedness was a reliable identification of homosexuality. And in 1937 British psychologist Cyril Burt declared left-handedness to be a mark of an ill-organized nervous system.As demonstrated by all the “therapeutic” coercion that left-handed children were subjected to during the first half of the 20th century, these biases had more than just a theoretical impact. Yet even when this gauche predilection was being discouraged, handism was certainly never taken as seriously as racism or sexism now is. Perhaps it’s the arbitrary nature of the trait that has militated against meaningful discrimination. After all, even when both parents are right-handed, there is still a 10 percent chance that they will bring a left-handed baby into the world. Moreover, a white baby born in Scaresdale is just as likely to be left-handed as a black baby in Hardem. Hence when the left-handed George Bush became President of the United States, it was hardly interpreted as a blow against prejudice. Nor was much attention paid to the fact that Ronald Reagan and Gerald Ford were also southpaws.36. Left-handedness is .37. According to the passage, left-handedness .38. The word “handism” in Paragraph 2 most probably means .39. The word “southpaws” at the end of the passage means .40. Judging from the context, Scaresdale is a place inhabited by __.

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existence of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straightforward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates—or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) —make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease-causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders.Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites. Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of “foreign” cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column) , there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals.The ability to distinguish between “self” and “non-self”, while present in all animals, is roost efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.31. What does the passage mainly discuss?32. The word “intricate” in line 1 is closest in meaning to .33. According to the passage, some organisms produce antibiotics in order to .34. According to the passage, a transplant of tissue between genetically incompatible organisms will result in the transplanted tissue .35. According to the passage, the ability to distinguish between “self” and “non-self” enables vertebrates to .

There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to the rulers by ancient writers, who relate how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that one without the other is not durable.A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this percept would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wishes to show colorable excuse for the unfulfilment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and also how many times peace has been broken, and how man promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves be to deceived.26. The writer does not believe that .27. “Prince” in the passage designates .28. The lion represents those who are .29. The fox, in the passage, is .30. The writer suggests that a successful leader must __.

It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speed, assumptions, might think it marvelous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the recovery. Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree not least among MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of shrinking management structures.What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now being exposed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek “can-dos” rather than “might-dos”, and who feel that academia has not been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of industry or of the employers’ possible contribution.It is curious, given the name of the degree, that there should be no league table for UK business schools; no unanimity about what the degree should encompass; and no agreed system of accreditation. Surely there is something wrong. One wonders where all the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushrooming took place.Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders. The Institute of Management’s 1992 survey, which revealed that eighty-one percent of managers thought they personally would be more effective if they received more training, suggests that this might be the case. There is, too, the fact that training alone does not make successful managers. They need the inherent qualifications of character; a degree of self-subjugation; and, above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more so now, when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflexions, if not total conviction.One can easily think of people, some comparatively unlettered, who are now lauded captains of industry. We may, therefore, not need to be too concerned about the fall in applications for business school places, or even the doubt about MBAs. The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. If the Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction of a senior management qualification, is successful, there will be a powerful corrective.We believe now that management is all about change. One hopes there will be some of that in relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. No-one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly competitive world. If scientists feel themselves undervalued and under-used, working in industrial ghettos, that is not a promising augury for the future. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science and industry. Above all, we have to make sure that management is not itself smug about its status and that it does not issue mission statements about communication without realizing that the essence of it is a dialogue. More empowerment is required and we should strive to achieve it.21. What is the writer’s view in the reading passage?22. According to the passage, employers .23. According to the passage .24. In the writer’s opinion __.25. Which of the information is true according to the passage?

Directions: In this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the following topic: My View on Environmental Conservation. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below. (20%)Outline:1. 随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越关注环境问题。2. 然而，我们的环境问题日趋恶化，具体表现在……3. 我认为应该在如下方面保护我们赖以生存的环境。

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