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Comparatively few fresh-water species of fishes are limited in their distribution to a single river system, yet not many are found on both sides of a high mountain ridge, such as the Rocky Mountains in North America. That is to say, the fishes of the Mississippi Valley are generally different from those of the Pacific slope.While it is a well-known fact that the fish life in no two river systems, even though they empty into the sea on the same side of a divide, is exactly identical, such streams do have many species in common. The principal rivers of the Atlantic slope of the United States, for example, contain several species common to all of them, including the bullhead catfish, the bluegill sunfish, and the largemouth bass. None of these species can endure salt water, so they cannot move from one river system to another. On the other hand, the more northern streams contain species not found in the southern ones, and vice versa. The common pike, for example, is found in the Atlantic streams from Maryland northward, and the brook trout and yellow perch occur only in the streams from North Carolina southward.How the present distribution came about must remain a matter of guess. It is quite probable that some of the streams, including those on opposite sides of a divide, may have been connected at one time. Again, streams may be entirely separate during normal weather, but an exceptionally heavy rainfall or the sudden melting of snow in the uplands sometimes causes floods which may form a temporary connection between them, providing a passageway for fishes. It is also possible that water birds may accidentally carry fish or spawn（卵）from one stream to another, or that man may be instrumental in such a transfer.1. According to the passage, .2. The fishes in the Atlantic slope cannot move from one river system to another because .3. What is NOT the reason for the same fish to be found in different rivers?4. “man may be instrumental in such a transfer” in the last sentence means .5. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

Supposing that someone suggested you take a nuclear battery for fun, you must treat him as a Martian. We all know that the nuclear things are horrible, such as nuclear weapons, nuclear missiles, nuclear submarine and nuclear radiation. We all want to keep away from those nuclear materials, who dares to take a nuclear battery?Don’t be so seared! Some scientists in America have claimed that the portable tiny nuclear battery is on the corner of being prevalent, then this kind of battery would be the most fashionable battery. Taking a tiny nuclear battery is not only the representation of avant-courier, but also really practical. This kind of battery can supply electricity for your cellphone for 5,000 years continuously. Alas, we wouldn’t tell others dejectedly: “please speak quickly, my phone is low power now” for forgetting to charge up our phones.The tiny battery is not special for your phone; it is no problem to fix it in your MP3, iPod, electronic books, digital camera, laptop or other portable equipment. But to tell the truth, someone would still feel worried, does it really have no radiation? If being radiated, one will surely catch cancer. But scientists pledged again and again, this kind of high-energy-battery not only has no radiation to human body, it can also fit in our body, acting as a battery for synthetic pacemaker in the heart.Nuclear battery is called “radioactive isotope battery”. If utilized in a proper way, it can produce electricity. The most advantage of nuclear battery is no need to conduct it, inasmuch those isotopes have a long half-life, such as the radiation element radium has a half-life for 1600 years. And during their half-life, they can produce energy continuously.So far, the nuclear battery has already been used in military affairs and space fields. The nuclear battery in the space shuttle has a resemble exterior with the ordinary battery. The nuclear battery has been invented for a long time, but the battery in space or military has a huge body. So, how to diminish the bulk efficiently is the keystone for the scientists to conquer.Currently, a researching group lead by the Korean professor Quanzaiwan in Missouri University in America has achieved a great breakthrough. The battery they invented is as small as a coin. This kind of battery can fit in portable electronic equipment such as mobile phones, music players. The electricity capacity in the battery is 1,000,000 times than the ordinary one, and it can supply energy for a phone for 5,000 years continuously. With this kind of battery being invented, one battery is enough for several generations.1. Why will the person be treated as a Martian when he mentions the use of a nuclear battery?2. What views do some American scientists have?3. According to the passage, which of the following is not true of the nuclear battery?4. What problem has to be solved after the nuclear battery is used in military and space?5. What is the author’s attitude toward the use of the nuclear battery?

Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about dealing with it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language in a skill, one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of want we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits and English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students’ pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.1. According to the passage, pronouncing foreign languages.2. According to the author, pronunciation is a skill that can NOT be .3. In paragraph one, the underlined “the branch of study” refers to .4. In the author’s opinion, .5. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

A panic is a form of collective behavior in which a group of people, faced with an immediate threat, react in an uncoordinated and irrational way. Their behavior is uncoordinated in the sense that cooperative social relationships break down. It is irrational in the sense that people’s actions are not appropriate for the goals they wish to achieve.The progress of a panic follows a fairly typical course. A sudden crisis occurs; people experience intense fear; normal social expectations are broken; each individual tries desperately to escape from the source danger; mutual cooperation breaks down; and the situation becomes even more threatening as a result. Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual conditions in which everyday-norms have little relevance, such as fires, floods, earthquakes, or military invasions. Some kind of response is necessary in these situations, but there are few social norms that specify an appropriate reaction. Thus, when a passenger aircraft makes a crash landing, people may attempt to flee before fire breaks out and causes an explosion, but they only succeed in stopping themselves and others by creating bottlenecks at the exits. Awareness of the bottlenecks may lead to increased panic, with people fighting and trampling one another in the effort to escape. Despite intensive training of airline personnel in emergency evacuation procedures, a high proportion of passenger deaths are caused by a panic that prevents people from escaping in time.The most dramatic panics are those that occur in situations of extreme emergency, but not all panics are quite so frantic or short-lived. A different form of this collective behavior is the financial panic, which is typically provoked by rumor that the price of stocks will fall or that a bank will be unable to repay its depositors. The classic example, of course, occurred at the outset of the Great Depression in 1929: As in other forms of panic, the individuals involved tried to protect their own interests, and in so doing they worsened the situation for themselves and everyone else. By trying to sell their stocks as quickly as possible, people ensured that the price of stocks did foil; by demanding their money back from banks, they ensured that the banks actually did collapse.1. According to the passage, people in a panic react .2. Which of the following statement about panic is true?3. What happened in the financial panic at the outset of the Great Depression in 1929 was that .4. According to the passage, a financial panic .5. It can be inferred from the passage that without a panic .

Directions: You are to write a composition of about 200 words entitled “Smog in China” based on the outline given below in Chinese. You should write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 近年来中国大陆上雾霾越来越频繁，带来的污染也日趋严重。2. 在我国导致雾霾的原因很多，比如……，但主要还是由于……引起的。3. 我认为减少雾霾有效办法应该是……

Directions: Write a letter of invitation of about 100 words to Mr. Smith, who is a professor of genetic engineering now staying in Beijing as a visiting scholar. In the letter you invite him for a visit to your school and ask him for a lecture on the safety of genetically modified food to be addressed to undergraduates on the campus. Be sure to write your letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

The genetically modified foods controversy is a dispute over the use of foods and other goods derived from genetically modified crops instead of conventional crops, and-other uses of genetic engineering in food production.(1) While there is concern among the public that eating genetically modified food may be harmful, there is broad scientific consensus that food on the market derived from these crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food. (2) The safety assessment of genetically engineered food products by regulatory bodies starts with an evaluation of whether or not the food is substantially equivalent to non-genetically engineered counterparts that are already deemed fit for human consumption. (3) No reports of ill effects have been documented in the human population from genetically modified food. (4) Although labeling of genetically modified organism (GMO) products in the marketplace is required in many countries, it is not required in the United States or Canada and no distinction between marketed GMO and non-GMO foods is recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.genetically modified foods=转基因食品genetically engineered food products=经由遗传工程处理的食物产品genetically modified organism (GMO) products=转基因生物制品

中国青年报和新浪网联合开展的一项调查发现，中国富人的社会声誉不佳。该项民意调查显示，在3990名受访者中，有70%的人认为富人道德低下，不值得尊重。仅有4%的人对富人持正面印象。受访者对富人的发家方式最为质疑。中国传媒大学的一名研究生说：“有些富人是通过受贿等不法手段来积聚财富的。”即便如此，调查发现，遵守法律、有社会责任感及有爱心的富豪还是受人们尊敬的。调查表明，中国富人要得到公众的欢迎，需要做三件事：首先一定要有社会责任感，第二必须自律，第三需要有爱心。

Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. _times/time/period_Many of the arguments having used for the study of 2. _/_literature as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. _the_When we consider the comfortable circumstances of aworking family today, the life of the working man in 1882seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had been even hard. 51. At the beginning of the nineteenth century working hourswere from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and workingconditions being poor and dangerous. 52. The working man had little schooling beyond his craft,and there was little hope that their children would havenothing better. There were no public schools, and besides, 53. the few pennies which the children could earn needed to 54. help support the family. If he was present because of 55. sickness, there was often no job for him when he returned.Since there were always plenty of other workers to make 56. his job, he was likely to be hired if he asked for more pay. 57. Viewed against today’s standards, the attitude of thenineteenth-century factory owners seems incredible. They 58. believed that was good business to hire men, women and 59. children as cheaply as possible, make them work as hardas they could and, when they became inefficient, worn out,or unable to work for any reason, charge them. 60.

I tried to talk my daughter into dining out in a nearby restaurant that evening, but in vain.

The most important aspect of maintaining a healthy diet is whether you can stick to it.

City residents have a hard time trying to avoid contact with hazardous chemicals in daily life.

The city council decided to set up a school devoted exclusively to the needs of problem children.

One way to maintain social stability is to crack down on crime while creating more jobs.

This peer-reviewed journal has a specific emphasis on effective treatment of acute pain.

Humans are beginning to realize that raising food animals contributes substantially to climate change.

Studies have proved that smart people tend to be smart across different kind of realms.

The values and beliefs will dictate the direction of your pursuit as well as your life.

If a country turned inward and insulated itself, the result would be a diminished standard of living.

The ____ for speeding is a fine of 200 Yuan.

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