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She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.

As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____ grab a bite at the snack bar.

You should know better than ____ your little sister at home by herself.

Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment ____.

The millions of calculations involved, ____ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.

____ for a long time, the fields are all dried up.

____ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.

The simple act of surrendering a telephone number to a store clerk may not seem harmful—so much so that many consumers do it with no questions asked. Yet that one action can set in motion a cascade of silent events, as that data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored and sold over and over again. Future attacks on your privacy may come from anywhere, from anyone with money to purchase that phone number you surrendered. If you doubt the multiplier effect, consider your e-mail inbox. If it’s loaded with spam, it’s undoubtedly because at some point in time you unknowingly surrendered your e-mail to the wrong Web site.Do you think your telephone number or address is handled differently? A cottage industry of small companies with names you’ve probably never heard of—like Acxiom or Merlin—buy and sell your personal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle fixtures are bartered. You may think your cell phone is unlisted, but if you’ve ever ordered a pizza, it might not be. Merlin is one of many commercial data brokers that advertises sale compiled from various sources—including pizza unintended, unpredictable consequences that flow privacy issues difficult to grasp, and grapple with.In a large sense, privacy also is often cast as a tale of “Big Brother” —the government is watching you or a big corporation is watching you. But privacy issues don’t necessarily involve large faceless institutions: A spouse takes a casual glance at her husband’s Blackberry, a co-worker looks at e-mail over your shoulder or a friend glances at a cell phone text message from the next seat on the bus. While very little of this is news to anyone—people are now well aware there are video cameras and Internet cookies everywhere—there is abundant evidence that people live their lives ignorant of the monitoring, assuming a mythical level of privacy. People write e-mails and type instant messages they never expect anyone to see. Just ask Mark Foley or even Bill Gates, whose e-mails were a cornerstone of the Justice Department’s antitrust case against Microsoft.And polls and studies have repeatedly shown that Americans are indifferent to privacy concerns. The general defense for such indifference is summed up a single phrase: “I have nothing to hide.” If you have nothing to hide, why shouldn’t the government be able to peek at your phone records, your wife see your e-mail or a company send you junk mail? It’s a powerful argument, one that privacy advocates spend considerable time discussing and strategizing over.It is hard to deny, however, that people behave different when they’re being watched. And it is also impossible to deny that Americans are now being watched more than at any time in history.1. In the first paragraph, the telephone number is cited to show .2. What do companies like Acxiom and Merlin do?3. From Paragraph 3, we learn that .4. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that the author thinks .5. Which of the following is the author’s viewpoint?

Computers can beat chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation. Artificial Intelligence computers have large amounts of memory, capable of storing huge translating dictionaries and extensive lists of grammar rules. Yet, today’s best computer language translators have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientists are still unable to program the computer with human-like common sense reasoning power.Computer language translation is called Machine Translation, or MT. While not perfect, MT is surprisingly good. MT was designed to process dry, technical language that people find tedious to translate. Computers can translate basic phrases, such as “Your foot bone’s connected to your ankle bone, your ankle bone’s connected to your leg bone.” They can translate more difficult phrases, such as “Which witch is which?” Computers can also accurately translate “Wild thing, you make my heart sing!” into other languages because they can understand individual words, as long as the words are pre-programmed in their dictionary.But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs. Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pen,” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used.In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the “experienced” of translating. Even with these efforts, programmers admit that a “thinking” computer might not ever be invented in the future.1. Computers today are capable of .2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?3. The major problem with computer translating programs is that computers .4. To improve machine translation, computer programmers are trying to .5. The passage suggests that.

Male sea horse have a fold of skin on their bellies that forms a pocket, called a brood pouch. During the breeding season, the sea horse’s pouch swells to receive eggs. A female sea horse lays up to 200 eggs at a time in the pouch. Then she swims off, leaving her male partner to care for the developing eggs and give birth to young sea horses. The female will return every day to check on her mate and the eggs, but she doesn’t stay long, nor does she take part in the birth.It takes from two to six weeks for the eggs in the male’s pouch to develop. During this time the male avoids open water and hides in sea grass. His big pouch makes it difficult for him to swim, so the male often uses his tail to grasp a piece of sea grass. Firmly, gripping the grass, he will stay perfectly still for hours or even days. The male sea horse will change his color to blend with his surroundings and avoid being seen by predators who will try to eat him or poke holes in his pouch to get the eggs.The eggs hatch inside the male’s pouch. When the babies begin moving around, the male sea horse knows it’s time for them to be born. He grabs a sea grass stem with his tail and begins rocking, bending his body back and forth. This causes the opening to enlarge until it is wide enough for the first baby sea horse to shoot out. The father sea horse continues rocking, bending, and stretching his baby sea horse to shoot out. The father sea horse continues rocking, bending, and stretching his body so that the rest of the babies can be born. Sometimes he has to press his pouch against a rock or some stiff seaweed to force the young out.Sea horse babies are born in groups of five or more. Sometimes it takes two days for the father sea horse to give birth to all his young. He is very tired when it’s over.Soon after giving birth to one brood, the male will approach his mate and show her his empty pouch. This tells her he is ready to receive eggs again.1. What part does the female sea horse play in having babies?2. What can be learned from the passage about giving birth to baby sea horses?3. To protect himself and his eggs, the male sea horse does all the following EXCEPT .4. The author suggests when sea horse babies are ready to be born .5. Which fact does the author want the reader to remember most?

Both civilization and culture are fairly modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists, historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same.Although modern in their usage, the two words derived from ancient Latin. The word civilization is based on the Latin civis, of a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities, in social groupings. From this definition it would seem that certain insects, such as ants or bees, are also civilized. They live and work together in social groups. So do some microorganisms. But there is more to civilization, and that is what culture brings to it. So, civilization is inseparable from culture.The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, till the soil. But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden; one may also cultivate one’s interests, mind, and abilities. In its modern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanity that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic that seems to be unique to human beings.One of the basic and best-known features of civilization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon a result of creativity. It took thousands of years to get from the first wheel to the latest, most advanced model of automobile.It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkey’s cleverness, be modified into a hook or a ladder. Monkeys have never devised a spoken language, written a book, composed a melody, built a house, or painted a portrait. To say that birds build nests and beavers their dens is to miss the point. People once lived in caves, but their cleverness, imagination, and creativity led them to progress beyond caves to buildings.1. What does the author think of the words “civilization”, and “culture”?2. According to the author the word “civilization” originally refers to .3. The Latin verb colere originally means “”.4. The author believes that creativity .5. The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that .

My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the other eleven and a half months of the year.The first sign of my parents’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays!When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take two bites of corn, beets, or liver (foods that appeared quite often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe the littlest ones into following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear while the whole-wheat bread gets hard and stale. The kids love all the sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly active kids.Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is “developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am “impatient.” If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty jealousies.1. As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author .2. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets?3. Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children?4. It can be inferred from the passage that when the author was a child, he .5. “Personality transformation” in the author’s parents means that they .

Directions: In this part you are required to write an essay on the topic: Less pressure, better life. You should write at least 200 words on your ANSWER SHEET.

Directions:Write a letter of recommendation for one of your friends Edward.You should write about 100 words on your ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.

Measurement of these very weak magnetic fields first requires cancellation of the Earth’s field, followed by elimination of background fields generated by, for example, metal objects in the laboratory or passing urban traffic. 1. These sources of magnetic noise can produce fields as large as one hundredth or one thousandth of the Earth’s field, much stronger than the fields to be detected. Detection of the presence of magnetic particles has been under study for several yews. 2. As an example of the sensitivity of the measurement devices, the static magnetic fields produced by particles of metal in the body resulting from eating canned food were readily defected. Even more revealing were measurements reported on the long-term expulsion of contaminants from the lungs. 3. Twelve subjects breathed in a small quantity of magnetite dust (a magnetic form of iron oxide), which settled in the lungs and produced a measurable external magnetic field. The decay of this field was studied for a year, and the field strength at a particular time was used to deduce the fraction of particles remaining in the lungs. It was found that after a year 4. the nine nonsmokers in the group had eliminated about 90% of the particles, whereas the three heavy smokers still had more than 50% present in the lungs.

有的人说做梦很重要，能预言将来的不幸和快乐，又说梦见的妖魔鬼怪都是象征心里最深的焦虑和畏惧。也有人说做个噩梦却不一定意味着不好的事情。比如说，梦见自己死亡，这个梦好像十分可怕，能使人从梦中惊醒，吓出一身冷汗。其实，这个梦并不是意味着死亡，而是生命中的一个转折点，前途无量，能取得圆满成功。

Directions: In this part, there is one passage in which 10 lines are numbered. There is a maximum of ONE error in each numbered line and only ONE word is involved. Please correct it and write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.While more people than ever before are learning foreignlanguages in public and private institutions, there are threestriking sources of inefficiency in modern teaching.First, language provides a means of saying and doing 51. things, teaching is generally being divorced from 52. the use we make of language. We teach for an unapplied 53. system, rather than teach students directly to do 54. things that they need to do through language. Second, 55. language is a social tool used by thinking of social 56. individuals. Hence we teach students to do and say 57. things with language which is fundamentally 58. significant to them as persons, and consequently 59. they say these things formerly and impersonally. 60. A third great source of inefficiency is due to an effort to teach allthe students in a group at the same rate.

Not long ago, it seemed that there would come a day quite soon when science would reveal that every food would be toxic and every practice lethal. Or, at any rate, that is how _1_ appeared to many ordinary people.The supposition was _2_ on half-digested and partially understood scientific reports. As a code of belief it still has its disciples—only the other day I found myself _3_ at dinner between women who, to hear them _4_, seemed to imagine that every _5_ in the supermarket was deadly. But I am pleased to report that, at long last, I detect the first signs that my fellow _6_ are beginning to emerge from the gloomy _7_ in which it has been fashionable to hide for the past 20 years or so.There are now a handful of daring souls who are _8_ once again to eat the odd spoonful of strawberry jam and _9_ the consequences. They have noticed, perhaps, that for all the talk about refined sugar, the strawberry jam _10_ is somewhat lower than they had previously been _11_ to expect.The _12_ of nerve, from which the ordinary person seems to be _13 _, was caused by several factors.First, he was _14_ that it would be a good thing if he knew the _15_ of all the foods he bought. But when he saw the _16_ of ingredients dutifully printed on the sides of packets and bottles, he _17_ and feared for his safety.The second thing which once frightened the timid but which, I do believe, is now frightening them less, was the remarkable scientific advance which, all unremarked by the general public and its legislators, has been _18_ analytical chemistry. What this galloping advance in analytical acuity means is that scientists can now isolate the tiniest amounts of _19_ substances in foods which, hitherto, have always been considered safe, or in some cases_20_.

When a drug is one that should be used only under a doctor’s supervision, the law requires that it be sold only by prescription. Special tests or instructions may be needed. Drugs for serious diseases may require a prescription to insure safe and correct use.A prescription is as personal as your name. It is designed for you alone. It is based on such factors as your age, weight, general health, allergies（过敏症）, and other factors, as well as your illness.Never take a prescription drug meant for another person, even if you think you have the same illness. Prescriptions aren’t supposed to be traded around the family or neighborhood. Each prescription is intended for an individual: It is a violation of federal law to sell a prescription drug without a prescription.Doctors and dentists are licensed by each state to prescribe drugs for human use. Doctors for veterinary（兽医的）medicine are licensed to prescribe drugs for animal use.A licensed medical doctor must pass an examination to practice medicine in a certain state. Before doing this, he or she has probably completed at least two years of a premedical course, a four-year medical course, two years of internship（实习）or residency in a hospital, and perhaps an extra year or more of training in a specialty—altogether at least eight years of medical training, possibly nine.Don’t take prescriptions written for you during a previous illness without first checking with your doctor. Your illness may not be the same as the previous one, even though you think it is. Also the drug may have lost strength. Only a doctor is qualified to advise you about continuing to take a medicine.1. Why does the law require that some drugs be used under a doctor’s prescription?2. If you have got the same illness as someone else, you may ____.3. What should an American with sufficient medical training do in order to become a licensed doctor?4. What kind of training is optional for a licensed doctor?5. Why shouldn’t you continue to take the same medicine for the same illness without your doctor’s permission?

Women’s minds work differently from men’s. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes-the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunk-line of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for word-handling, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at math and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk-line, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shan’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?2. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by factors.3. The words “these differences” in paragraph 5 refer to those in .4. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on .5. What is the main purpose of the passage?

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