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Drunken driving—sometimes called America’s socially accepted form of murder—has become a national epidemic（流行病）. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past ten years.A drunken driver is usually referred to as one with 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beer glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American man image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant（忍受）.Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend（逆转潮流）in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18 to 20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.New laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern（小酒馆）in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously intoxicated（喝醉）” and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy. As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, what President Hoover called the “noble experiment”. They forgot that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.1. Drunken driving has become a popular problem in America because .2. Public opinion regarding drunken driving has changed in that .3. Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that .4. Laws recently introduced in some states have .5. The problem of drunken driving is difficult to solve because .

The United States is said to have a mixed economy because privately owned businesses and government both play important roles. Indeed, some of the most enduring debates of American economic history focus on the relative roles of the public and private sectors.The American free enterprise system emphasizes private ownership. Private businesses produce most goods and services, and almost two thirds of the nation’s total economic output goes to individuals for personal use (the remaining one third is bought by government and business). The consumer role is so great, in fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a “consumer economy.”This emphasis on private ownership arises, in part, from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was created, Americans have feared excessive government power, and they have sought to limit government’s authority over individuals—including its role in the economic realm. In addition, Americans generally believe that an economy characterized by private ownership is likely to operate more efficiently than one with substantial government ownership.When economic forces are unfettered, Americans believe, supply and demand determine the prices of goods and services. Prices, in turn, tell businesses what to produce; if people want more of a particular goods than the economy is producing, the price of the goods rises. That catches the attention of new or other companies that, sensing an opportunity to earn profits, start producing more of that goods. On the other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing different goods.There are limits to free enterprise, however. Americans have always believed that some services are better performed by public rather than private enterprise. For instance, in the United States, government is primarily responsible for the administration of justice, education, the road system, and national defense.In this mixed economy, individuals can help guide the economy not only through the choices they make as consumers but through the votes they cast for officials who shape economic policy. In recent years, consumers have voiced concerns about product safety, environmental threats posed by certain industrial practices, and potential health risks citizens may face; government has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare.1. According to the text, the U.S. is sometimes called a “consumer economy” because .2. From the first sentence of the third paragraph, we learn that .3. The expression “economic forces are unfettered” (para. 4) means .4. The last paragraph tells us that .5. This text is mainly about .

Some people believe that a high salary is the most important feature of a job while others think that job satisfaction is more important. Write an essay of about 200 words on the following topic: What is the Most Appealing Feature of a Job?

Directions: You want to study at a certain foreign university. Write a letter of about 100 words:1. Inquire about the situations there,2. Ask about qualifications,3. Fees and accommodation.

We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency—a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. 1. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst—though not all—of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.2. However, too many of the world’s leaders are still best described in the words of Churchill applied to those who ignored Hitler’s threat: “They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.”3. So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. 4. And tomorrow, we still dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.

在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。吃头两个菜时，赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转赞美为责备，转点头为摇头。原因之一是，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。

The following passage contains ten errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. Proofread the passage and correct it on your answer sheet.It is indisputable in order to fulfill its many functions, water _51_should be clean and biologically valuable. The costsconnected with the provision of biologically valuable waterfor food production with the maintenance of sufficientlyclean water, however, are primarily production costs. _52_Purely “environmental” costs seem to be on this respect _53_only costs connected with the safeguarding of cultural,recreational and sports functions which the water coursesand reservoirs fulfill both in nature and in humane settlement. _54_The pollution problems of the atmosphere resemble thoseof the water only partly. So far, the supply of air has notbeen deficient like was the case with water, and the _55_dimensions of the air-shed are so vast that a number ofpeople still hold the opinion that air needs not be _56_economized. However, scientific forecasts have shown thatthe time may be already approaching that clear and _57_biologically valuable air will become problem No.1.Air be ubiquitous, people are particularly sensitive about _58_any reduction in the quality of the atmosphere, theincreased contents of dust and gaseous exhalations, andparticularly about the presence of odors. The demand on _59_purity of atmosphere, therefore, emanates much more fromthe population itself than the specific sectors of the national _60_economy affected by a polluted or even biologicallyaggressive atmosphere.

Your appraisal of the current situation is quite different from mine.

Many students are signing the petition against building a steelworks near the school.

The newly imported machine doesn’t work in ambient humidity of 50 degrees.

To create a democratic atmosphere in the company, the manager should always be accessible to his staff.

You must be drunk last night. Otherwise how did you manage to drive into a stationary vehicle?

All programs celebrating the Spring Festival in the CCTV have been relayed to many parts of the world through satellites.

Despite the pressure from the president, the provincial government insisted on its autonomous jurisdiction.

Henry David Thoreau used to ramble through the woods before he wrote his most famous book Walden (1854).

My salary has been raised to 100,000 Yuan a year, but there is a proportionate increase in my income tax.

The opinions of his peers are more important to her than her parents’ idea.

____ money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.

Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets _____ in transit.

The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday.

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