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They seem all confident about the new plan, but I am ____ about it

He always acts on his own ____.

Some of the most important concepts in physics ____ their success to these mathematical systems.

The dog was surprised to see his ____ in the pool of water.

It seems to me that the Americans are a highly ____ people. Most of them like to travel whenever they get the chance.

Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey.To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies became greatly changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers.Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use—that of controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival.The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences, but the aim of the operation, was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against prey that were no longer essential to their survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other, much simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.1. The author believes that sporting activities .2. In a football game, what is equal to the prey in hunting is .3. For over a million years, our forefathers were basically .4. The word “operation” (Para.4) refers to .5. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?

When the first white men arrived in Samoa, they found blind men, who could see well enough to describe things in detail just by holding their hands over objects. In France, Jules Romaine tested hundreds of blind people and found a few who could tell the difference between light and dark. He narrowed their photosensitivity（感觉灵敏度）down to areas on the nose or in the finger tips. In 1960 a medical board examined a girl in Virginia and found that, even with thick bandages over her eyes, she was able to distinguish different colors and read short sections of large print.Rosa Kuleshova, a young woman in the Urals, can see with her fingers. She is not blind, but because she grew up in a family of blind people, she learned to read Braille（盲文）to help them and then went on to teach herself to do other things with her hands. She was examined by the Soviet Academy of Science, and proved to be genuine. A scientist made an intensive study with her and found that, securely blindfolded with only her arms stuck through a screen, she could tell the difference between three primary colors. To test the possibility that the cards reflected heat differently, he heated some and cooled others without affecting her response to them. He also found that she could read newsprint under glass, so texture was giving her no clues. She was able to identify the colors and shape of patches of light projected on to her palm or on to a screen. In rigidly controlled tests, with a blindfold and a screen and a piece of card around her neck so wide that she could not see round it, Rosa read the small print in a newspaper with her elbow. And, in the most convincing demonstration of all, she repeated these things with someone standing behind her pressing hard on her eyeballs. Nobody can cheat under this pressure.1. The first white men to visit Samoa found people who .2. From the first paragraph we can learn that .3. Why did the scientist put the paper under glass?4. Which of the following makes the demonstration most persuasive?5. Which of the following statements is true?

In the future your automobile will run on water instead of gas! You might even drive a flying car! These predictions are some of today’s guesses about what technology might bring tomorrow. However, many past technology predictions show that the future isn’t always easy to guess. Many of the high-tech things our parents thought we’d be using by now simply never appeared.Ok, not all past predictions have been proven wrong. A few of them have been surprisingly accurate. Some great thinkers predicted the arrival of the credit card, the fax machine and even the internet years before they happened. But for each prediction that has come true today, several others have missed by a mile. Many of these predictions didn’t consider how people would want to use the technology or if people really needed it in their lives or not. Let’s look at some predictions from the not-too-distant past.Robot HelpersWhere’s the robot in my kitchen? Nowhere of course. And he’s probably not coming anytime soon. Robots do exist today, but mostly in factories and other manufacturing environments. Back in the 1950s however people said that by now personal robots would be in most people’s homes.So why hasn’t happened? Maybe because robots are still too expensive and clumsy. And probably the idea of robots cooking our dinners and washing our clothes is just too weird. At home we seem to be doing fine without them.Telephones of tomorrow?In 1964 an American company introduced the video telephone. They said by the year 2000 most people would have a video phone in their homes. But of course the idea hasn’t caught on yet. Why? The technology worked fine, but it overlooked something obvious: people desire for privacy. Would you want to have a video phone conversation with someone after you just stepped out of the shower? Probably not—it could be uncomfortable! Just because a technology is available doesn’t always mean people will want to use it.And finally, how about that crazy prediction of the flying car? It remains one of the most fascinating technology ideas to capture our imagination. Keep watching the news or perhaps the sky outside your window to see what the future will bring.1. According to the passage, which of the following is an example of an accurate prediction?2. It can be inferred from the passage that .3. What is said of robot helpers at home?4. Which of the following sentences is closest in meaning to “the idea hasn’t caught on” in paragraph 7?5. The author seems to suggest that the flying car is .

All the teachers who teach reading agree with the following statement: Not everything in print is equally important and depending on your purpose, some material is not worth reading at all. That is, in many situations reading material is important only if it contains information you need to learn or that you are interested in learning. Of course at times you may read for entertainment or enjoyment, in which case you are not concerned with importance. An efficient reader should be able to locate portions of material that fulfill his or her purpose and skip those portions which do not. For example, you may decide to read a newspaper movie review to get a general impression of the film. In that case, it would not be necessary to read detailed descriptions of particular scenes or of actors’ performances. Or, you may read a magazine article to find out a specific piece of information. In that case, most of the article would be unimportant and reading it would be an inefficient use of your time.Some very useful techniques that will allow you to read selectively—reading what is important and skipping what does not suit your immediate purpose will be introduced in this chapter, such as skimming—locating only the most important ideas in any type of material and scanning—the technique of rapidly locating particular types of information.1. According to the author, to save time, a reader should read material that .2. It can be inferred from the passage that if you are interested in the photography of a film, you will .3. When you read an article to find out a specific piece of information, .4. According to the author, what is skimming?5. Based on the content you have read, the passage is probably selected from .

Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp.Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fiber, which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a worldwide trading network would not have been feasible without hemp. Nowadays, ships’ cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibers, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on world’s forests.However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fiber, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis（大麻）, related to the plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial producing—producing hemp plant. Although both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew hemp in large quantities on their own land, any American growing the plant today would soon find himself in prison—despite the fact that marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug).In recent years, two major movements for legalization have been gathering strength. One group of activists believes that ALL cannabis should be legal—both the hemp plant and the marijuana plant—and that the use of the drug marijuana should not be an offense. They argue that marijuana is not dangerous or addictive, and that it is used by large numbers of people who are not criminals but productive members of society. They also point out that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. The other legalization movement is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce producing; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fiber for paper and pulp production. This second group has had a major triumph recently: in 1997, Canada legalized the farming of hemp for fiber. For the first time since 1938, hundreds of farmers are planting this crop, and soon we can expect to see pulp and paper produced from this new source.1. What equipment on a ship was made from hemp?2. What drug can be obtained from a relative of hemp?3. Why was the plant hemp essential to worldwide trade in the past?4. Why do agriculturalists think that hemp would be better for paper production than trees?5. Why was hemp banned?

A proven method of effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson. The first step is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section headings, summary and by studying any graphs tables illustrations or charts. The purpose for this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as “What do I already know about this topic?” and “What do I want to know?” In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3R’s) is to read to find the answer to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before going on to the next section you recite (the second of the 3R’s) the answers to the questions that you formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed steps 2, 3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3R’s) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn. The mental conversation could take the form of asking and answering the questions formed from the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter and trying to fill in the details for each main idea.1. From the passage we can infer that the SQ3R method .A. needs to be proven B. turns out to be practicableC. leaves much to be desired D. cannot be used by every reader2. The SQ3R method consists of steps.A. three B. four C. five D. seven3. According to the passage the first step helps the readers .A. read the first several paragraphs B. scan the whole chapterC. study the graphs D. get the theme of the chapter4. Which of the following is the fourth step?A. To question yourself. B. To read for information.C. To draw a conclusion. D. To utter your answers.5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. When you finish the last step, you will get both the main idea and the details.B. In the last step you should remember all the information.C. The mental conversation involves answering the questions asked by the author.D. While you are holding a mental conversation you select the important information.

In 2008, a survey from the Office for National Statistics found that British families were healthier and twice as well off as they were 20 years ago, but are no happier. What are your comments on this finding? Write an essay of about 200 words on the topic of what makes us really happy.

You want to invite some friends to a party. Write an invitation letter of about 100 words to them individually:1. Invite them to the party,2. Elaborate on the reason why such a party should be held,3. What activities will be arranged for them.

Blended Degree Programs（混成学位课程）What a difference a year makes. Twelve months ago the most adventurous business schools were experimenting with e-readers to replace paper case studies and textbooks, and Facebook to boost student recruitment. Today, e-readers are passé; Facebook ubiquitous.As tablet devices such as the iPad replace e-readers for both degree and non-degree learning, personalized electronic textbooks replace their paper counterparts, and web-based seminars—webinars—replace the classroom experience, technology is moving beyond its role in student support and becoming an intrinsic element of the pedagogy.(1) The lines between traditional face-to-face teaching and traditional distance learning programs are blurring and “blended learning”, combining virtual with face-to-face teaching, is the latest buzz phrase.One of the biggest developments over the past year has been the launch of high quality—and expensive—blended degree programs. Earlier this month Brown University in the US, one of just two Ivy League universities not to have a business school, launched an Executive MBA program with Spain’s IE Business School.(2) Half of the EMBA—an “Executive MBA” for senior working manager—will be taught face-to-face, the other half online, says David Bach, dean of programs at IE. He is an eager supporter of using Internet communications to improve quality of participation on these senior programs.The 15-month Brown program will cost $95,000, more expensive than many full-time programs, but Prof Bach defends the cost. “You don’t economise on faculty. Blended programs are as expensive as on-campus programs and they will become more expensive.”(3) Prof Bach believes people will be prepared to pay for the convenience of blended programs. But other benefits to this technology include the ability of participants to select the way of studying that suits them.Recognition that advanced technology can help students learn more effectively is spreading at the very top schools, those not usually associated with e-learning. And it is being regarded as enriching the on-campus experience.At the Wharton school at the University of Pennsylvania, Karl Ulrich, vice-dean of the school’s innovation initiative, believes that blended learning—or connected learning as Wharton calls it—can respond better to different learning styles.“You can provide different ways to deliver a module. Our current learning technology is one-size-fits-all. I think we can be more respectful of student’s learning styles,” he says.But connected learning can also help the school extend its reach. “What I’d like to do is to have students in internships take courses over the summer. If you can separate time and place, we can get our people out into the world a bit more.”(4) Recognition of different learning styles will be one of the selling% of MBA@UNC, the blended learning program to be launched In July by the Kenan-Flagler school at the University of North Carolina.Like the IE/Brown program, MBA@UNC is targeted at the top end of the market, priced at $89,000 for the two years including books, student fees, and food and accommodation for four weekend immersions.

自从改革开放以来，GDP一直被各级地方政府看作是衡量它们经济发展和政治表现的尺度。然而就寻常百姓而言，GDP只不过和高楼大厦与新建高速公路相关联。众多低收入家庭的老百姓所看到的，是国家在过去几十年间的两位数GDP增长并没有大幅度地提高他们的生活水平，其中有些人的生活水平反而下降了。这些经济和社会问题突出了需要把我们的经济引导到一条新的、科学和可持续发展的道路上去的紧迫性。

Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word, Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. times/time/periodMany of the arguments having used for the study of 2. __/_literature as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. _the_The World Consumer Rights Day on March 15 is anoccasion to celebrate and advocate what we as consumersdeserve and should thus enjoy. And ever since it became a 51. red-character day on the Chinese calendar, stunningrevelations has tested our confidence in the things we 52. consume.This year, they included, but were not limited on, 53. paper napkins made from garbage, animal bloodpreserved with formaldehyde（甲醛）, and pork containingractopamine or clenbuterol（瘦肉精）banning nine years ago. 54. Authorities responsible for monitor the market and 55. consumer products were quick to respond, a practice afterthe melamine scandal, which dealt with a nasty blow to the 56. domestic dairy industry.But people’s worries are not limited on cases exposed 57. on March 15 alone. They fear that what has been exposedwas just the tip of the iceberg. 58. Those caught in the act may be punished. But thelegitimate questions that follow: Are they the only bad 59. guys we are paying for? Will there comes a time when wecan feel assured which our safety is in the hands of a group 60. ____of trustworthy people?

First-aid posts were set up shortly after the earth quake to treat the injured victims.

Horror films or TV plays have lost their appeal for most elder people.

In colonial times, merchants peddled their goods from door to door.

In the past year, the writer kept his whereabouts secret, so that he was able to concentrate on his new book without interference.

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