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Directions: Translate the following part into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

The University of California study has linked behavior in young children（56）the type of job their mother has. Mothers with complex occupations that are self-directed and require working with other people（57）to have offspring with relatively low levels of behavior problems. The opposite held（58）when the jobs were routine, closely supervised, and dealt with things, rather than people.“A job that challenges and interests a mother and gives her an opportunity to exercise judgment and solve problems clearly has（59）consequences for her children’s behavior,” indicates（60）professor of sociology Elizabeth Tunner. Occupations with more positive conditions include management, sales, and teaching positions. Jobs that may be related to increased child behavior. problems include book keeping, food service, and（61）line positions.Women who are supervised closely at work and made to（62）strict orders may be more likely to use this same style in（63）their kids. They may emphasize obedience to parental authority and the potential for（64）punishment. “We believe that the choice of such a parenting style may increase the（65）of behavior problems in children.” On the（66）hand, mothers whose jobs are less controlled by supervisors and（67）must work closely with other people probably rely less on physical punishment,（68）encouraging children to think about consequences of their actions and（69）responsibility for their behavior.（70）an approach encourages youngsters to follow parental demands（71）they aren’t being supervised because they have accepted parental values as their own. Moreover, mothers whose jobs don’t（72）constant supervision “（73）problem-solving skills that they can bring to other parts of their life”.The research also found that those who have（74）challenging and interesting jobs provide better home environments for their children. The mothers give their offspring more intellectual stimulation and emotional support, and this,（75）turn, is linked to fewer behavior problem.

There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.1. This selection can best be titled （）.2. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that （）.3. According to the passage, the average I.Q. is （）.4. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that （）.5. This passage suggests that an individual’s I.Q. （）.

Every day 25 million U.S. children ride school buses. The safety record for these buses is much better than for passenger cars; but nevertheless, about 10 children are killed each year riding on large school buses, and nearly four times that number are killed outside buses in the loading zones. By and large, however, the nation’s school children are transported to and from school safe.Even though the number of school bus accidents is not large, the safety of children is always of intense public concern. While everyone wants to see children transported safely, people are divided about what needs to be done -- particularly whether seat belts should be compulsory.People in favour of seat belts on school buses -- many of them parents and medical organizations -- argue that seat belts are necessary not only to reduce fatality and injury, but also to teach children lessons about the importance of using them routinely in any moving vehicle. A side benefit, they point out, is that seat belts help keep children in their seats, away from the bus driver.People who object to seat belt installation suggest that children are already well protected by the school buses that follow the Nation Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) safety requirements set in 1977. They also believe that many children won’t wear seat belts anyway, and that may damage the belts or use them as weapons to hurt other children.A new Research council report on school bus safety suggest that there are alternate safety devices and procedures that may be more effective and less expensive. For example, the study committee suggested that raising seat backs four inches may have the same safety effectiveness as seat belts. The report sponsored by the Department of transportation at the request of Congress, reviews seat belts extensively while taking a broader look at safety in and around school buses.1. Each year, children killed outside buses in the loading zones are about （）.2. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the words “are divided” in Paragraph 2?3. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control of the school buses’ “safety”?4. It may be inferred from this passage that （）.5. The best title which expresses the idea of the passage is （）.

Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to make the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, centres of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought, but, in fact, it could offer a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosure of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, in the end, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?3. It can be inferred from the passage that （）.4. What does the word “daunting” in the third paragraph mean?5. Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?

The chairperson of a woman’s club being addressed by Adlai Stevenson during his campaign indulged in a lengthy introduction full of （） remarks.

Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was almost required to pay taxes in both countries until her accountant （） with a satisfactory solution for both countries.

Every （） of a motion picture is the responsibility of the director.

After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground （） with papers, bottles and cans.

Many politicians and the green-energy lobbyists claim we should （） ahead green energy because it will create new employment.

It is believed that the way to （） Europe’s R&D innovation lies in a collaborative approach, featuring both public and private parties.

The amount of tabloid ink spilled over her 24-year difference in age with her new boyfriend does （） her.

The snow （） my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.

It may have been because of the weather, or （） it may have been the result of indigestion.

-- “Doesn’t your wife restrain you from smoking?” -- “I（）from smoking ever since our marriage.”

Directions: It is not strange in recent years to hear that some students may kill themselves at University. What is your opinion on those students who commit suicide or kill themselves? Write on the ANSWER SHEET a composition of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Marks will be mainly awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to meet the required number of words may also result in the loss of marks.My View on Campus Suicide at UniversityYou are to write in three parts:In the first part of your article, you should clearly present your view.In the second part, you should support your opinion with appropriate details.In the last part, you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary.

Directions: Mr. Liu, 45 years old, is one of your friends and has passed the PhD entrance examination recently, and you’ve just got this news. Write to him a letter of congratulation.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Start your letter with “Dear Mr. Liu”. Do NOT sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Chen Ling” instead. You do not need to write the address.

Directions: Translate the following part into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

Directions: Translate the following part into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

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