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Passage 2  Most Indians don't believe much in professional psychiatrists. You don't pay good money to someone just so he can listen to you talk about your problems for an hour. Business analysts never cease to remind us that India is a price-conscious market. You put anything in a five-rupee (seven cents) packet- ketchup (番茄酱),digestive cookies or shampoo -and it will sell. For the average Indian, the friendly neighborhood barber also doubles as the psychiatrist. We pour our hearts out to the barber, never mind the lack of privacy. It's a classic two-for-one deal.  The barbershop also acts as a community centre for unemployed youth. During the course of an average day, young men are constantly in and out of the shop- -not to get a shave, but just to comb their hair. It's free of cost and the barber doesn't mind. They also drop in to watch cricket matches. On one such day, when a World Cup semi-fimal was on, I found an old man perched on a chair outside the barbershop, his ear glued to a transistor (半导体收音机). He didn't care much for television. He said he came to the barbershop every day in the aftermnoon and sat there till about 5 pm, reading newspapers, listening to the radio and watching the world go by. There you are -the barbershop as an old people's home.  But barbershops have changed slightly over the years. Bollywood magazines like Filmnfare and Stardist are sill there. Earlier, the hairstyles were copied from these magazines, but now saloons have posters of young men sporting alien European or American styles. In the 1980s, millions of Indians imitated Anil Kapoor, who played the quiz master in the Oscar-winning flm Stumdog Millionaire. He's carried the same haircut into the American TV series 24, but the man on the street now imitates cricket stars more than film stars. The blue tube of V-John shaving cream, endorsed (代言) by Bollywood star Shahrukh Khan, is very much on the shelves. Popular brand Axe has replaced the respected Old Spice aftershave.  The transistor which was always tuned to Vividh Bharati, the state-owned station, playing popular Hindi film songs, has made way for the LED TV, slotted into a corner near the ceiling.  Barbers across northerm India watch only two shows: Crime Patrol and Savdhaan (Alert) India, both of which dramatize real life stories of unfaithfulness, murder and crimes of passion. Often, while shaving, what will happen is that the barber will twist your face into an odd position, left ear squeezed into left shoulder, so he can reach the dificult corners.  At that very moment, the episode of Crime Patrol will take an unexpected turn. You are abandoned in that strange position, while the story plays out, or there's a commercial break. A11 work comes to a standstil until then. You are meant to stay in that position until the barber has finished watching the segment.1. Why are most Indians unwillig to consult psychiatrists according to the passage?2. What other role is an Indian barber likely play?3. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3?4. Why does the barber sometimes keep his customer's face in an odd position longer while giving a shave?5. What is the author's tone in the passage?

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Passage 1  Self-control- the ability to regulate our attention, emotions and behaviors- emerges in childhood and grows throughout life, but the skill varies widely among people. Past studies have reported that self-control is partially inherited and partially learned and that those with Jless self-control are more likely to be unemployed, engage in unhealthy behaviors such as overeating, and live a shorter life. A recent study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, which ties childhood self-control to health and well-being in adulthood, suggests that everyone, not just those most lacking the skill, would benefit from an improvement of self-control.  Psychologist Terrie E. Mffitt of Duke University and her team focused on the self-control of a group of 1,037 children bom in 1972 and 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand. The researchers observed the children and took reports from parents and teachers every two years from the ages of three to eleven. They evaluated the kids' attention, persistence and impulsiveness (冲动) in a variety of settings to determine each child's level of self-control. Finally, when these New Zealanders reached the age of 32, the researchers evaluated their health, financial stability and court records.  The study found that children with lower self control were more likely as adults to have poor health, be single parents, depend on drugs or alcohol, have difficulties with money and possess a criminal record.  In addition to surveying and ruling out itelligence and socioeconomic status as possible explanations, the team explored whether differences in upbringing could play a role. To test this idea, the Duke researchers turned to 509 pairs of British twins born in 1994 and 1995. The team examined the twins' self-control at age five. The sibling who had less self-control was more likely to begin smoking, behave badly and struggle in school at age 12.  Moffitt notes that within the Dunedin group, the more self control a child had, the better off he or she was as an adult. "Even children who are above average on self-control could have improved life outcomes if they increase their self- control skills," Mfftt says. Programs that teach self-control- -in school settings, for example-- -are effective. Thus, the Duke team believes, increasing self-control skill during childhood could give all kids a better future.1. What does the study by Mofftt and her team indicate?2. How long did Moffitt and her team observe the Dunedin children?3. What did the Duke researchers' study of the British twins find?4. What does the underlined word“sibling" in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?5. What is the main idea of this passage?

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