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在科学研究中，我们必须能够发现问题、分析问题和解决问题。

教育技术发展得越快，受益的人就越多。

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As many of us have started spending hours on Zoom, we’ve learned new ways to present ourselves, adjusting speaking styles, lighting, and camera angles. In the late nineteenth century, English and media studies scholar Stefan Sch8berlein writes, the telephone encouraged similar changes, in distinctly gendered ways. In the 1870s, before most people had ever talked on a telephone, the technology was already seen as feminine. In many romantic stories of that time, men struggled with phones while women used them with ease. As Schoberlein comments on Mark Twain’s 1878 science-fiction romance "The Loves of Alonzo Fitz Clarence and Rosannah Ethelton,"“The woman defines the calls and has the power to terminate communication—leaving men to respond only with a sort of ‘telephonic madness’: Rosannah’s future husband goes temporarily mad and begins perching on telegraph poles." Another story tells about a man’s pursuit of a phone operator he met by chance while making a call. Sch6berlein writes that the women in this kind of story displayed little personality, though they did inevitably have one remarkable trait: a good voice. A good voice also became an increasingly crucial quality for women in real life. A 1911 Life Magazine article advised: “If one desires to select the right kind of wife, one should never see the lady, but should talk with the applicants over the phone first. Selfishness, sympathy, shallowness, strength, control, and the capacity to love—all these things and many more are revealed in a woman’s voice." For both men and women in the telephone era, a good voice came to be connected with the use of Standard English. In previous times, Americans enjoyed regional dialects. But, given the poor sound quality of early phones, many listeners found it hard to understand regional speech patterns. Men, in particular, were apparently hard to understand. As a tum-of-the-century encyclopedia （百科全书） explained, “If you listen to an average woman speaking and compare her voice with that of an average man of her own class, you will notice, among other things, that her enunciation of words is better, also that there is less tendency to cut the ends of words or to drop the voice and mumble the ends of words. They pronounce words clearly." Actually, Schoberlein points out, there was nothing particularly natural about this difference. Given the growing importance of the voice, in the late nineteenth century educational institutions began offering voice instruction to female students. They learned to speak more clearly and precisely. All this meant that men who spoke clearly over the phone might come across as feminized. In one 1895 romantic story, when a man speaks through a telephone, his voice “became very soft and very distinct," even “cooing （绵绵低语）." Today we may have similar worries about self-presentation on Zoom, but at least if we want to find instructions on how to do better, we can probably find them on YouTube.1.According to Schoberlein, which is true about the telephone in the late 19th century?2.Why was the telephone considered to be feminine in the 1870s（）3.What did a good voice on the phone represent as explained in the Life Magazine?4.What does the underlined word “enunciation" in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?5.What can be learned about speaking styles in the late 19th century?

Opening a book for the very first time still fills me with the same excitement and expectation that it did when I was a child. Not only do books enable children to discover new worlds, meet new people and learn about the past, but they also have the power to change lives. By sparking imaginations, stimulating critical thinking and helping develop empathy （共鸣）, reading gives children the very literacy （会读会写） skills they need to succeed at school, at work and in life. Helping children discover a love of reading is crucial, but it is worrying today that children’s enjoyment of reading is falling behind their reading skills.Why does this matter? While reading skills are essential, reading for pleasure is crucial for academic success, mental health and even later economic success. The emphasis here is on reading for pleasure: being able to read does not give the same benefits as enjoying it.Getting the right book into the right child’s hands at the right time is the key. Yet1 in 8 disadvantaged children in the UK don’t own a single book and primary school libraries have closed across the nation. If your parents can’t afford to buy books and your primary school hasn’t got a library, how on earth are you supposed to become a reader for pleasure? The problem is bigger for boys than it is for girls. Many parents tell me that my books have been effective in turning their boys into readers. I have to say that although it is always a pleasure to be told that my books have been effective, it has never been my intention to target boys specifically. I don’t want to write either a boys’ book or a girls’ book, or draw conclusions about boy or girl behavior.I haven’t found the gender of the characters in my books to be an issue. I’ve lost count of the number of nine-year-old boys who say that Camicazi, the girl hero in How to Train Your Dragon, is their favorite character. That is why I prefer boys and girls reading the same books. Girls need to see girls like themselves being strong, dynamic heroes, and boys do too.1.What is the author trying to tell the reader?2.What aspect related to reading is mentioned in Paragraph 3?3.What type of readers does the author most likely have in mind for his books?4.What do we know about Camicazi from the passage?5.What might be the author’s attitude towards reading and gender?

Many of the things we have fought hard for（） not to have been worth the fight.

Understanding the past gives you a better idea（） what the future might be.

A recent study shows that people wearing a watch reduce their time（） using smartphones.

Although I （）that Russian sound for almost an hour, I still can’t pronounce it well.

（）monkeys don’t talk like humans isn’t purely due to the physical limitations of their vocal cords.

She had the（） over other girls of having had a very good preschool education.

If you had asked them that question when they were younger, they（） it easily.

In a few countries, dogs have taken over the place of children, and some couples prefer to have pets（）children.

It was a long time（） I could prevent him from making major changes to the house.

The government has（） many rules to keep cotton production and the cotton market stable.

The problem（）at the next meeting will be difficult to solve.

Only after years of hard work（） that money alone does not lead to happiness and success.

The war（）the people in the area of their peaceful life.

She had problems deciding（） she should set up her own business.

John was considered to be（） of the two boys.

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