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Different Types of Parents It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ views of life vary, they love their children in different ways. Generally speaking, in terms of how they treat their children, parents fall into three basic types: autocratic, democratic, and permissive. The autocratic parent’s word is the law. He always sets rules, expecting complete obedience from his children. He assumes that he knows what is best for his children and that they will learn discipline and respect for authority from his orders. He does not realize that he may not know best and that rules without mercy may breed contempt for authority. If the child came home late from a party because a major accident on the highway tied up traffic for miles, this parent would not allow the child to explain his reasons for being late. The child would be immediately punished. This kind of parent probably has good intentions, wanting his child to grow up “right,” but his approach to the task may lead to conflicts. The democratic parent is not so strict. He is willing to discuss rules with his children and listen to their side of an argument. If his child came home an hour late from a party, he would listen to the explanation instead of punishing the child immediately. In general, the democratic parent lays down fewer rules than his autocratic counterpart because he realizes children must learn certain things in life on their own. He prefers to play the role of an advisor and is always available when his children need help.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Too few people with children are democratic parents, which is the best of the three types. Too much or too little authority often breeds disrespect and resentment. A good parent should offer guidance and advice: he should not try to rule his children or disregard his children completely.

In some society sports and entertainment stars have higher value than professional workers like doctors, nurses and teachers. Do you think it is a good or bad social phenomenon? Write a short argumentative essay about 300 words to discuss this social phenomenon. In your writing, give a title, underline your thesis and number your paragraphs.

Last year alone, more than one million children in the United States chose home-schooling over traditional education. This stunning figure was released according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Home-schooling is a recent development in education. Not long ago, it was considered too radical by many education experts. Nowadays, it is legalized in every state and more than one million children have undergone home-schooling and many more parents are seriously considering home-schooling. The interesting thing was: What prompted such a change? There have been many recent surveys to suggest that parents are getting impatient and fed up with our public schooling system. It is seen as being superficial with no real-life skills being applied and taught. Parents are also concerned about the negative publicity often portrayed in news. Examples are school students taking drugs in schools, abusing fellow students physically and even students bringing guns and knives to schools. Parents are concerned about the negative peer influences that these students have on their children. Home-schooling offers an opportunity to end all that and allows parents to bring up their children in a natural and loving environment. It is especially important in the early years of a child’s development (between three to twelve years old ) as this is the period where they are prone to negative influences and peer pressure and cannot differentiate what is right and what is wrong. Home-schooling helps to protect them from such negative influences. Another benefit of home-schooling is that it is an inevitable bond between the child and the parents. The parents and the child spend more time together forming a unique bond. The bond gets stronger as time passes and later you will find that you can connect with your child better than you never thought before. Parents can also have better control over the kind of moral and religious beliefs that a child should have. Parents can impart their moral values and beliefs to their children easily since they spend more time together. So what is stopping parents from adopting home-schooling? For one thing, home-schooling requires a lot of time and money. For most families, both parents need to be working full-time to support the family. Many home-schooling families are dependent on one parent for the income. The other parent has to devote full-time to home-schooling the child. Therefore in some cases, it is not possible to adopt home-schooling unless you are financially stable. The other interesting phenomenon is that more and more home-schooling support groups are appearing in the neighborhood. They help to guide and support each other. Some home-schooling support groups have even gone online. If you do decide to go home-schooling, find a home-schooling support group in your area.

In recent 10 years, with the advent of IT era, the role of a library has changed a lot. It is no longer restricted to the traditional function of lending books, but becomes a synthesis of educational functions. Some people think that a library should keep in pace with modern technology while others insist that a library should maintain its original function and resist hi-tech materials. Admittedly, books are the main resources of a library, and helping people to read is the main function of a library. But the 21st century has changed the traditional definition of “book”. It is not only related to the printed materials, but also expands to a wider range, covering visual and audio publications, e-books, essay data bases, and website resources. In such an occasion, a library has to reform. its old functions and introduce new functions. Once a library becomes modern, it would have the ability to display all educational resources to the public. Otherwise, it might fade out from our horizon and even become a museum. Moreover, it is the public’s demand that dominates the reformation of a library. Nowadays, people ask more. They are no longer satisfied with a simple function in a library, and furthermore, they would like to enjoy a cup of coffee as well. Therefore, a library has to add café, internet bar and video room to its original design. Overall, the money spent on the relatively expensive hi-tech media would arm a library and make it more educational, as well as attractive. What it invests would definitely result in a huge return.

Nowadays, many old buildings are being replaced by new constructions. Some people think that they should be knocked down to make way for the new ones. Others think that they should be preserved, for they are part of our history. What is your opinion? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your views.

Africas When many people hear the word “Africa”, inevitably they picture steaming jungles and gorillas and other wild animals. Hollywood films have shrunk the public image of this immense, varied continent into a small segment of its actual diversity. To have a more accurate picture of the whole continent, however, one should remember that the continent can be roughly divided into three Africas: the northern desert areas, the southeastern grasslands, and the tropical jungles to the southwest, each with its distinct climate and terrain and with a style. of life suited to the environment. The northern regions have the environment and living patterns of the desert. Egypt, Libya, Algeria, and Morocco have hot, dry climates with very little land suited to farming. Green fields cannot be easily seen. , the population tends to be clustered into cities along rivers or the seacoast or into smaller settlements near oases. For thousands of years, people have lived in this vast region, relying partly on what the land could offer such as crops and animals they could raise and partly on trade with Europe. The southeastern grasslands provide a better environment for animal life and for some kinds of crops. Many wild animals inhabit the plains in this region—elephants, giraffes, rhinoceros, antelopes, zebras, and lions. The people in this area have long been expert cattle raisers and experienced hunters. Tea, coffee, cotton, cashew nuts, and tobacco arc some of the main products grown in this region. Fishing also provides some food and income for people along the coast. The population here is less concentrated in cities and towns than in the north, but tends to be denser in areas where adequate rainfall and fertile soil make farming possible. West Africa is the region closest to the Hollywood image of mysterious jungles. As in the other two regions, the way people make a living depends upon their environment. This does not mean that most of the people live in grass huts in the jungle. In fact, such nations as Nigeria have become highly modernized by income from oil, timber, and minerals. Most of the western countries have some fanning that provides food and income; sugar cane, coffee, and tobacco arc the important cash crops, while bananas, rice, and corn are raised for food. Fishing in the rivers and along the coast also accounts for food and income, and precious stones, especially diamonds, enhance the economy of countries like Angola and the Ivory Coast. Even a superficial look at the major regions of Africa shows that it is a continent with varied environments. Although most of the continent is tropical in its range of temperature, the climate ranges from deserts to rain forests. Similarly, human lifestyles vary from the simplest rural villages to industrial cities, both new and ancient. Contrary to the myth, however, jungle life makes up only a very small portion of the whole of Africa.

Why People Should Exercise In the past, I had never been inclined to participate in sports. Honestly,I Didn’t like it, but many persons whom I lived with kept telling me every day how good it was. Since the peer pressure was growing, I decided to go to the gym. It wasn’t until then that I could really understand people when they said exercise helped a person get organized and keep healthy, physically and mentally. For starters, if you are a lazy person, it is difficult to take the first step. But it is all a matter of committing yourself to something that will provide you with much positive feedback. Once you start exercising and observing positive results, you will actually enjoy it, It takes much effort and a strong will, but it’s worth it.The principal thing to do is to take up a sport you like. If you do, you will start organizing your day in a way that enables you to do whatever you have to, including exercising. You will no longer be a person stressed-out without time to carry on with all your activities.

In China, old people are usually taken care of by their family members, but now some people send their aging parents to nursing homes. What is your opinion on this? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your views.

Smell Smell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important. Odor communicates not only when we are face to face with another person, but also when the other person is not present. People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors. Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or clothes that emit unpleasant smells such as sweat. They work hard to cover up their body odor and view those with body odor as dirty and unsanitary. However, people usually are not comfortable in discussing the topic, and generally will not tell another that his or her body odor is offensive. They will simply avoid being close to the person and will end the conversation as quickly as possible. Other cultures have quite different concepts of natural odors; they consider them as normal and believe that it is an act of friendship to “breathe the breath” of the person with whom they converse and to feel their presence by smelling. For example, Arabs don’t seem to feel comfortable unless they can smell each other. When Arabs talk, they virtually envelop each other in their breath. Smelling the natural body odors of one’s friend is desirable; denying him or her this privilege is to act ashamedly. In other cultures smell also plays an important role. In Japan, young girls will often play a game involving the placing of five fragrances in tiny boxes. The girl who identifies the most aromas wins the game. In Bali, Indonesia, when lovers greet one another, they often breathe deeply in a kind of friendly sniffing. It is not uncommon for young lovers in the Philippines to trade small pieces of clothing on parting so that the smell of the other person will evoke their affection for each other. Not knowing cultural variations in attitude toward smell can create uncertainty and even ill feeling. For example, a medical doctor from Saudi Arabia once worked in a hospital in the southern United States. Problems arose when patients refused to have the Saudi doctor examine them. Interviews with patients revealed two problems: He “smelled bad” and he breathed on the patients. The doctor’s training had apparently failed to include the difference between Arabic and American attitudes and practices relating to smell. Clearly, encounters between people with such widely differing attitudes could lead to serious miscommunication. To maintain harmonious intercultural business relationships, one should remember these diverse attitudes toward smell.

Attaining Success in College Succeeding in college is not only important to getting and education, but also crucial in this day and age to success in the work place. To me, the three most important things for attaining a successful college experience are having smart classroom conduct, taking advantage of campus resources, and making college the first priority. Making good use of campus resources is also of great importance to college success. The school library has many resources for the growth of the students’ mind. With computers and copy-machines for individual use, computer labs and writing labs are there not just for learning purposes but also for actual help with writing papers. The “office hours” will help the students build a close relationship with their professors and give them access to the professors’ mind. From the professors the students can acquire possible extra information that may put them ahead of their study. All these resources are free, since they are funded by student tuitions. So taking good advantage of the resources can only make the students’ education more attainable. Finally, any students who want to assure success must establish school as the top priority. Personally I have watched some students slowly loosen up; I have seen a pattern of partying and a lack of motivation. Many of the freshmen have no idea why they are in college, and their “eyes” often tell it all. This world is so rich in distractions that it is hard to keep a strong focus, especially if one is just starting his or her academic career. It is said that the first semester is often the most “unsuccessful” one. This certainly rings true for me. I made mistakes in this regard and eventually learned that, to achieve success, school must always be placed above other things. In my college experience, I have observed and learned how to achieve success. I wish someone had told me earlier the importance of having that smart classroom conduct, of fully utilizing the school resources, and of making college my top priority. Then, my college beginnings would not have been so rocky and tough.

More and more college students are now renting apartments outside campus instead of living in students’dorms. Write a 300-word expository essay about your preference and reasons. __

Send in the Clones “Scientists have made a breakthrough to clone a human being”, as one TV newsman put it. While his description was off the mark, the real news was almost as fantastic: researchers at George Washington University split single human embryos into identical copies, a technology that has sparked a storm of controversy around the world. Claiming they began the experiments to spur a debate, the researchers got more than they bargained for.The Vatican condemned the technology as evil; one German magazine called the research “immoral”, and sociologists in the U.S. disagreed hotly over whether the technology should be offered to infertile couples,couples incapable of having children. The news left people wondering what the technology is all about. Actually what the researchers did was to extend a technique that has been used in livestock for more than a decade. The physicians used tube fertilization technology to create 17 human embryos in a laboratory. When the embryos had grown enough to contain 2-8 cells, the researchers separated them into 48 cells. Two of the separated cells survived for a few days in the lab, developing into new human embryos smaller than the head of a pin. Though no great technical feat, the procedure opens a range of unsettling possibilities. For example,parents could have one embryo implanted in the mother’s womb and store its identical siblings indefinitely.The spare embryos could be implanted later, allowing parents to create a family of identical children of different ages. Spare embryos could also be sold to other families, who could see from an already born child how their embryo would turn out. Even more bizarre, a woman conceived from a split embryo could give birth to her own twin. Such scenarios raise painful issues about the rights of parents and meaning of individuality. Some sociologists maintain that parents have the right to do with embryos what they will, including having twins born years apart. But others fear that the procedure unacceptably alters what it means to be human being, especially when the younger twins are forced to see older versions of themselves. Amid the controversy, one thing seems certain: the experiments will continue. While cloning is forbidden in Germany, fertility research is proceeding in the U.S. without federal regulations. But researchers must obtain approval from their hospital board. Without federal oversight, the highly competitive fertility business may soon use the new technology to attract clients. As a doctor told the scientific journal Science, “It was just a matter of time.” __

Mall People Having fun at entertainment centers can exhaust one’s pocket money or bank account. By the time a person has ridden the Ferris Wheel, the Crazy Mouse, Roller Coaster, and played video games, he may have little money left to buy movie tickets or eat a substantial dinner. As a result, he may turn from winning,dining and moviegoing to the nearby free-parking, free-admission shopping malls. Indeed, shopping malls are not just a paradise for youngsters; it can offer much to all. Teenagers, lovers on dates, and the nuclear family can all be observed having a good time at this alternative recreation spot. First of all, teenagers are the largest group of mallgoers. The boys saunter by in sneakers, T-shirts, and blue jeans, complete with a package of cigarettes sticking out of their pockets. The girls stumble along in high-heeled shoes and fancy hairstyles, with hairbrushes tucked in the rear pockets of their tight-fitting designer jeans. Traveling in a gang that resembles a wolf pack, the teenagers make the shopping mall their hunting ground. Their raised voices, loud laughter and occasional shouted obscenities can be heard from as for as half a mile away. They basically just come to “hang out”. Apart from teenagers and lovers, nuclear family members can also be identified as the largest group of mallgoers. Mom, Dad and little Jenny of Fred, visit the mall on Friday and Saturday evenings. Mom walks around looking at various things until she discovers that Jenny is seeing some of the special mall exhibits geared toward little children, or in the case of Fred, he is heading for the place that young boys find appealing. Indeed, the mall provides something special for every member of the nuclear family. In a word, the teenagers, lovers on dates, and the nuclear family make up the majority of mallgoers. There are also gray-hairs, whose attention may suddenly be caught by some modern gadgets. These people may end up spending little money, but they need not purchase anything to find pleasure at the mall. They are shopping for inexpensive recreation, and the mall provides it.

The command of one or more foreign languages is now a valuable asset for young people. While some find it easy to learn a foreign language, others feel that it really gives them headaches. Write a 300-word expository essay illustrating different kinds of language learners.

Color Me Pink We are all sensitive to color. There are some colors we like a lot and some we don’t like at all. Some colors soothe or excite us and some make us happy or sad. People are affected because color is tied to all aspects of our lives. Experts in colorgenics believe that the colors we wear say a lot about us, and that we subconsciously choose to wear certain colors in order to communicate our desires, emotions and needs. Colorgenics experts claim that our clothes send messages to others about our mood, personality and desires. For them, pink expresses peace and contentment of the wearer. People who often wear pink are supposed to be warm and understanding. The message is that you would like to share your peace and happiness with others. Red garments indicate a high level of physical energy. People who wear red like to take life at a fast pace. Brown is the color of wealth and shows a need for independence and material security. Wearers of green have love of nature and enjoy peaceful moments. Color is used symbolically in all cultures and it plays an important role in ceremonies and festivities. Yellow is a symbol of luck in Peru and it can be seen just about everywhere. Yellow is also an important color to the Vietnamese who use it at weddings and on their flag, where it represents courage, victory and sacrifice. In many cultures, white symbolizes purity, and black, on the other hand, symbolizes death. Some experts believe that colors have a strong effect on us and that colors can be used to heal. They say that by concentrating our thoughts on certain colors, we can cause energy to go to the parts of the body that need treatment. White light is said to be cleansing, and it can balance the body’s entire system. Yellow stimulates the mind and creates a positive attitude, so it can help against depression. Green, which has a calming and restful effect, is supposed to be good for heart conditions. Some psychologists also use color to treat patients with emotional and psychological problems. By giving them what is called the Luscher color test, in which people select the colors they like and dislike, doctors can learn many things about a patient’s personality. In conclusion, the study of color can help us understand ourselves and improve our lives. It offers an alternative way to heal the body and spirit, and it can help us understand what others are trying to communicate. We can then respond to their needs and achieve a new level of understanding.

Too Many Moves My first semester of college was the worst I’ve been through. Everything started out smoothly enough. I had made plans during the summer to share an apartment with two of my close friends from high school. We had found a nice enough apartment about two miles from campus, but before we even moved in, problems started developing that kept me on the move the entire semester. One of the two girls I was to share an apartment with was going to work instead of going to college. However, a week before we were to move in , she found out that she didn’t get the job she had been counting on. She was forced to live at home and look for work, and two of us were stuck with higher monthly rent payments. We lasted for a month and then agreed that we couldn’t make it by ourselves. Joan moved away and I started looking around. I found another apartment and the rent wasn’t bad. The room was small with one tiny bathroom for four people. The place was noisy, but it was the best I could afford for the time. However, one day when I returned from school, I saw smoke coming from the back of the house. The cottage had caught fire, and the fire department was putting out the last flames. My room was a charred mess; there was no way that anyone could live there for a long time. I was once more out of a place to stay, and there was still over a month of school left. After looking around all weekend for lodging, I finally gave up and moved home. I had to drive forty miles to school every day, so I almost spent as much on gas as I would have on lodging . I’d drive to school, go to classes, and come home and sit in an empty house for a few hours. I was very bored; I’d also lost the will to study. It had been such a bad semester moving all over the place that my heart wasn’t in school anymore. So the semester just played itself out.

Some people think that online shops will eventually replace entity shops (offline shops). What is your opinion?Write a 300-word argumentative essay stating your views.

Living Trash Free Three years ago, I heard on the radio the tale of a British couple who lived trash-free. Walking home from my laboratory, I told ray roommate that I could also do that and I’d start soon. “No,” he said. “If you care about this, you start today.” Just like that, I began an experiment of a trash-free life in the face of large environmental problems.The average American produces about four pounds of trash per day, about 1,500 pounds per year. In my first year of living trash-free, I produced less than eight pounds of waste. In year two, I made it down to six pounds—about 0.4 percent of the American average. That was an accomplishment of my experiment. To get there, I needed to change the way I lived. I collected my waste, such as concert tickets, packaging and glass, and didn’t throw it away. I knew my experiment wouldn't make much difference, but I felt I should do it. Since unnecessary consumption existed everywhere, I had to get creative. When a restaurant furnished a napkin-wrapped fork and knife, I asked the waiter to give me a set without the napkin. I carried a fork, a spoon, a plate and a bowl wherever I went, just in case the food was served only with plastic to eat with. Sometimes it was awkward. The hardest part was figuring out the best way to talk about what I was doing. It is important to speak to people in a language they understand from their background. Also, big issues such as trash and recycling are tied to other big issues such as economic growth and climate change. So, as I wrote about the experiment on reducing trash, I had to discuss economy, peace, poverty, and so on. It was much harder to explain all that than simply announcing myself as a vegetarian, for instance. Sometimes I failed, as some people didn’t see the need of my experiment. More often, though, people gave me their support. The experiment inspired others to do similar experiments on their own. A couple of friends in Ann Arbor are doing it for a year. Their efforts have paid off. Ann Arbor has become one of the most environmentally conscious cities in America. When I visit that city now, I can get nearly all of my food unpackaged. There are several great secondhand stores I can go to, if I really need something. I can get shoes and tools that don’t come in paper or plastic boxes. Humans have caused terrible problems: The polar ice caps are melting, and the oceans are full of trash. My project did not reshape those trends. But my views on consumption and social change had an impact. My experiment of trash-free life allowed me to answer the question of how we stand up in the face of large environmental problems. I am convinced each individual can help to create examples and communities of change.

The Benefits of Solo JourneysJohn Steinbeck once said, “People don’t take trips—trips take people.” A solo trip, in particular, can have lasting benefits. Generations of adventurers have set off on journeys of self-discovery—traveling alone to many breathtaking destinations. Some of the best travel memoirs tell stories of solo travelers finding themselves on their own. Apart from easing tension to boost happiness, the solitude during the trip also helps to build new relationships, allow for flexible schedules and arouse worthy reflections. Solo journeys can alleviate mild depression, thereby bringing joy. Recent research has found that the expectation of an upcoming vacation boosts feelings of happiness for up to eight weeks before the trip. Another study on adolescents suggests that time spent in solitude can help to shake off depression in young people. Free from the distractions of daily life, the traveler can focus his full attention on absorbing the present moment with all the senses. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The solo traveler can be his master of the day, because he does not have to adhere to anyone else’s schedule. He can relax as much as he wants; he can rest and loosen up as long as he likes. He might indulge in full days reading on the beach, take a leisurely hike, or sit on a bench admiring a work of art—all on his own. “The experiences are mine and mine alone,” said a solo traveler. “I’ve really learned to enjoy spending time with myself.”Traveling solo also offers a great chance for reflection. As one travel memoir writer stated, “There is a soul-searching power in each adventure on your own.” Getting to really know oneself is a wonderful by-product of a solo journey. Traveling alone allows one to witness how he reacts to different situations. Those reflections can help him to gain a deeper understanding of who he is and what matters to him. He will have a stronger sense of self and feel more self-assured. Solo travel can afford the traveler the necessary time and solitude for experiencing unexpected pleasures, building new relationships, enjoying the slow pace and the reflections of life. Aside from all the excitement and adventure, it ultimately leads to self-discovery. The traveler, once hitting the road solo, will fall in love with it and the journey never ends.

Tourists are advised to follow the saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do” while traveling abroad. What will you do to become a welcome tourist if you go abroad? Write a 300-word expressing essay expressing your opinion.

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