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She appealed to me because she was like people I had 1.（） met personally. Like women in English novels who walked the moors （whatever they were） with their 2.（） dogs racing at a respectful distance. Like the women who sat in front of 3.（） fireplaces, drinking tea 4.（） from silver trays full of scones and crumpets. Women who walked over the “heath" and read morocco-bound books and had two last names 5.（） by a hyphen.To share a bedroom with one of these fellows is to lose one’s 6.（） in human nature, for, even after the most 7.（） day, there is no comparing notes 8.（） them, no midnight confidence, no casting up the balance of the day’s pleasure and pain. They 9.（）, at once, into stupid, heavy slumber, leaving you to your own mental devices. And they all snore 10.（） !The senior partner studied the resume for the 11.（） time and again found nothing he 12.（） about Mitchell Y. Mc Deere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was 13.（）. The firm also frowned 14.（）on divorce, as well as 15.（） and drinking.At the very top, of course, are those people, mostly young and without 16.（）, to whom the company is not 17.（） an institution of any sacred merit but still only a place to work, and who 18.（） their present association with it as something 19.（）. I put these people at the top because if you asked any one of them if he would choose to spend the rest of his life working for the company, he would give you a 20.（） No!, regardless of what inducements were offered.There is a difference 21.（） my schooling and the wisdom of the street 22.（）. I know the life of a black man in Watts is 23.（） than a federal poverty program. If there is no future for the black ghetto, the future of all Negroes is 24.（）. What affects it, affects me, for I am a child of the ghetto. When they do it to Watts, they do it to me, too. I’ll never escape from the ghetto. I have 25.（） my all on its future. Watts is my home.A. with B. dependents C. diminished D. eventful E. resoundingF. incessantly G. heavily H. between I. never J. hundredthK. abominably L. yet M. faith N. comer O. dividedP. regard Q. loyal R. disliked S. womanizing T. largerU. staked V. mandatory W. sink X. temporary Y. roaring

当这个富裕国家没有孩子饿着肚子上床睡觉时，我可能准备回去教书。当每个孩子都有一所好学校时，我可能就准备好了。当我们不再把财富花在杀人的硬件上，当我们不再容忍对少数族裔的偏见，当反对不公平住房和不公平就业行为的法律得以实施而不是被逃避时，那么在政治上我可能就没有更多可做的了。

你杀死了你的敌人，而当他死了，你的职业便不复存在，你从胜利中获得的满足感也会很快消退。另一方面，建设的工作一旦完成，会想起来就愉悦，而且永远不会因为彻底完成而没有更进一步去做的余地。

晚年生活中获得满足乃至成就的潜能是真实存在而未被充分开发的。大体上，老年人都是在一个冷漠的世界里挣扎着生存。

对于这些产品领先者来说，竞争并非有关产品价格或客户服务（尽管它们不能被忽视），而是有关产品性能。

多年来，我一直搞不清楚蔬菜到底出了什么问题。我当然知道，大多数蔬菜要想享用它们最鲜美的味道，必须新鲜釆摘并且立即烹调。

它注定是失败的，每一本书都是失败的，但我确实清楚地知道我想写什么样的书。

How does science influence your life?

No one expects the public at large to fully understand all discoveries or to be able to arbitrate between possible treatments.

In an effort to combat misinformation, scientists may overcompensate by accelerating their research, or publicizing their findings prematurely.

The diffusion of fake news is facilitated by the difficulty of a large majority of Americans in distinguishing between fact and opinion.

Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two significant pitfalls.

So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions?

（1）The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their existing beliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe,” 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say “it depends.”（2） But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, the paradox is that science, when properly functioning, questions accepted facts and yields both new knowledge and new questions-not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions.（3） As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often perceived as its weakness: Its drive to question and challenge a hypothesis. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that encompass the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it impels us towards a better understanding; certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact undermine the scientific process.（4） Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two significant pitfalls.（5） The first is a form of blind scientism- that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. The popular narrative of science is linear, embodied by heroic researchers who work selflessly for the good of humanity. Indeed, some scientists promote this attractive public image of their work. But this narrative ignores the ubiquity of controversy, conflict and error at the very heart of the scientific world. Such an idealized representation tends to turn science into an unquestionable set of beliefs. In fact, however, the power of science lies precisely in its capacity to generate discussion and even discord.（6） The second pitfall is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of confidence in the very existence of truth. It develops when science is divorced from method and viewed as just another claim in the marketplace of ideas. A Pew Research study shows that 35 percent of Americans think the scientific method can be used to produce “any result a researcher wants." Once the scientific approach has been delegitimized, then all hypotheses, including the most outlandish and irrational ones, can be taken as credible. So, hidden in this conceit of a democratic “marketplace of ideas" is a particularly virulent form of relativism that approaches nihilism.（7） Such examples of relativism about issues including climate change and, most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic-have significantly contributed to the proliferation of fake news and conspiracy theories. The diffusion of fake news is facilitated by the difficulty of a large majority of Americans in distinguishing between fact and opinion. Factual news can be proved or disproved by objective evidence, while opinion is an expression of the beliefs and values of the speaker.（8） In an effort to combat misinformation, scientists may overcompensate by accelerating their research, or publicizing their findings prematurely. This can spur dialogue about science, but with serious side effects. The scientific process itself has been called into question during the pandemic in cases where the very institutions and peer review process that were supposed to check scientific results failed to detect scams.（9） So how to regain public trust in science when the public is looking for certainties and when those who are supposed to impersonate doubt seem to be fickle or dogmatic? A more realistic understanding of how science works can contribute to a better comprehension of the decisive role of doubt and skepticism in the scientific process. Indeed, science is not a linear path leading from one success to another, but rather a constant revaluation of hypotheses. Failures are part of the scientific process and should be taught along with successes.（10）It is, therefore, not so much the content of scientific discoveries that should be highlighted, but the understanding of the scientific process itself that must be enhanced. No one expects the public at large to fully understand all discoveries or to be able to arbitrate between possible treatments. But what must be reaffirmed is that in science, doubt is not a vulnerability but a strength. The scientific approach often leads to dead ends, but sometimes it leads to fundamental discoveries that no other approach has ever achieved.1.Most Americans believe in science when（）.2.What can be learned from Paragraph 3?3.In Paragraph 5, the word “ubiquity” means（）.4.According to Paragraph 5, the author tends to agree that（）.5.In Paragraph 6, the word “divorced” means（）.6.The study mentioned in Paragraph 6 shows that some Americans believe that（）.7.In Paragraph 9, the word “fickle” means（）.8.In which of the following might this passage most likely appear.9.What is the author’s tone in writing this passage?10.Which of the following might be the best title for this passage.

The car comes in a（）of colors, which is not good news for customers who have difficulties in making decisions.

If any of these symptoms（） while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.

The newly published book bears some striking（）to last year’s bestseller.

Smith carefully（）the loose hairs from the shoulders of his jacket.

John is a very private person-for most of the time, he（）himself.

By closing the infected farms we’re hoping to（）the disease to the north of the region.

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