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“Helicopter parenting" describes a style of raising children where parents are over-protective and do too much. The term was used for the first time in the late 1960s. It describes parents who hover （悬停）over their kids like a helicopter. Today, modern technology allows these helicopter parents to hover from even far away. They can give their children directions at any moment from anywhere.Author Julie Lythcott-Haims wrote a book titled How to Raise an Adult. In her book, she gives readers a closer look at this parenting style."Over-parenting”，she says, “comes in three types: the first is the over-protective parents who think the world is scary and unsafe and unpredictable. And therefore, I must protect and pre-vent. The second type is the over-directive type—the parent who says, I know best what leads to success and you will do as I say. You'll study these topics, do these activities and you will be highly achieving at all of it. The third type is the concierge （看门人）——the parent who just wants to make life smoother—from waking their kid up, to keeping track of their deadlines, to making sure they haven’t forgotten anything, to even doing the homework for the kid."Julie Lythcott-Haims says she experienced the effects of helicopter parenting firsthand when she worked as dean of first-year students at Stanford University. The incoming students were very smart and accomplished on paper. But many were unable to take care of themselves.''They were turning to parents constantly for guidance, for problem solving, to have them make the choice about something. ” Often times, Lythcott-Haims had to remind those parents that their kids were old enough to take care of themselves.1. The term “helicopter parenting”.2. According to Lythcott-Haims, over-parenting has all the following features EXCEPT .3. It can be inferred that a concierge mother will.4. In Julie's eyes, the first-year students at Stanford University are.5. Lythcott-Haims’ attitude towards helicopter parenting is _.

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Half of the world's coral reefs （珊瑚礁）have died in the last 30 years. Now scientists are racing to ensure that the rest survive. Even if global warming were to stop right now, scientists predict that more than 90% of corals will die by 2050. If no major steps are taken to address the problem, the reefs may be headed for total extinction（灭绝）.The planet's health depends on the survival of coral reefs. They are often described as "the rainforests of the sea”，because they provide shelter for a wide variety of sea life. In addition, the reefs serve as barriers that protect coastlines from the full force of powerful storms.Coral are used in medical research for cures to diseases. They are key to local economies as well, since the reefs attract tourists, the fishing industry, and other businesses, bringing in billions of dollars.Corals are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature. A rise of just 1 to 2 degrees can force the corals to drive out the algae （水藻）. Then the corals turn white in a process called“bleaching”. Corals can recover from short-term bleaching, but long-term bleaching can cause permanent damage. In 1998, when sea surface temperatures were the highest in recorded history, coral reefs around the world suffered the most severe bleaching. It is estimated that even under the best of conditions, many of these coral reefs will need decades to recover.Although reefs face other threats from pollution, industrial activities, and overfishing, it is global climate change that most concerns scientists. Scientists remain hopeful that it’s not too late to save the reefs, and some are moving ahead on experiments to accomplish that goal.1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?2. The word address in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to____.3. Why are coral reefs called “the rainforests of the sea”？4. The corals turn in the process of “bleaching”.5. According to the passage, is the biggest threat to coral reefs.

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Over the years, college students have stood together for what they believe in, from civil rights to anti-war policies to the more recent protests against the unequal distribution of wealth. But nowhere in history have students banned（禁止）bottled water. Until now.The bottled water ban, which started on just a few campuses, has now spread nationwide to more than 20 universities. The colleges have either completely banned the use of plastic bottles altogether, or some have taken a more limited approach with partial bans.Many people believe that producing and using bottled water wastes money and harms the environment. They say that bottled water is unnecessary because public water supplies in the U. S. are among the best in the world. Water fountains and reusable bottles with easy access（获取）to filling stations are a better choice.An organization called Ban the Bottle raises awareness about the economic and environmental costs of using plastic bottles. The group claims that eight glasses of water a day costs each person 49 cents annually, while drinking from plastic containers costs $ 1,400 per year. Plastic bottles contain antimony—a chemical that in low doses causes depression, but in large doses can even lead to death.The controversy over bottled or tap is not limited to the students and college administrations. The make of bottled water see the movement as a threat. They argue that plastic bottles make up a small portion of the nation’s total waste. It's unfair to single out(单独挑出)their product when so many other items are packaged in plastic containers. Plus, water is a healthy choice compared to some sodas and juices that are also sold at school.1. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?2. According to Ban the Bottle, drinking bottled water costs dollars per year.3. The word controversy in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to. 4. What does the bottled water industry use in its own defense?5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

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Their different attitudes to the difficulties （） different results.

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The ATMs enable bank customers to access their money 24 hours a day（） ATMs are located

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If the work （） by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be heavily fined.

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If you travel through the villages in the small local buses, you will swiftly come into close（）with the local people.

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It's hard to remember a name when one doesn’t have a face to go with（）.

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Scientists estimate that about 530,000 other objects, too small to detect with radar, （）the Earth too.

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In（） of speed, safety and price, the hi-railway system is perhaps the world’s model railway.

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The kids were especially（）the coming Christmas because they would get lots of presents from their parents and uncles.

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What’s the matter with you? You（）so pale.

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I tore open the box, only（）that some papers were missing.

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Either my parents or my elder brother（）going to water the garden.

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