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The Coyote The coyote is a relative of the dog and the wolf. Like its relatives, it mostly feeds on other animals. It will, however, eat a wide variety of foods, including insects, fruits and vegetables.Coyotes are found throughout most of North America, from Mexico and Central America to Canada and Alaska. The color of its coat depends on where it lives. 1 Like the wolf, coyotes live in groups, or packs. The coyote pack is usually smaller than a wolf pack. 2 The pack will often divide into pairs to hunt. Female coyotes give birth to baby coyotes once a year. Over half of the babies will die before they reach adulthood. Male babies usually leave the pack to find their own territory. 3 Wolves and coyotes compete for the same animals for food. Since the coyote is smaller than the wolf,wolves will usually drive the coyote out of any shared living areas.The coyote adapts easily to new areas. Unlike the wolf, the coyote's living area increased when more and more people settled across North America. 4 Once the New England settlers eliminated wolves, the coyote moved in. Scientists who have studied the coyote believe it is better than the wolf at living in human areas.5 They find enough supply of food in these areas, since coyotes are willing to eat garbage, rodents (such as rabbits and mice) and even small pets. Scientists estimate that as many as 2,000 coyotes may be living in the Chicago area.

Helping Children Cope with Stress❶ To adults, childhood can seem to be happy and free from worries. But children still experience stress. Things like school and their social life can sometimes create pressures that are too difficult for them to deal with. While they may not talk about their troubles, they do want their parents to reach out and help them.❷ Children deal with stress in both healthy and unhealthy ways. As a parent, you can't protect your children from stress, but you can help them develop healthy ways to cope with stress and solve everyday problems. By doing so, you not only help your children handle their current stresses, but also prepare them to deal with future stresses. Here are a few tips for you.❸ When you notice that something is upsetting your child, you need to tell your child about it. If you can, name the feeling you think your child is experiencing. This shouldn't sound like blame. It's just a casual observation, and you're interested in hearing more about your child's concern. Be sympathetic and show that you care and want to understand.❹ Also ask your child to tell you what's wrong. Listen attentively and calmly-with interest, patience, openness, and caring. Don't hurry to make judgements. Do not blame or criticize your child for what he or she has done. The idea is to listen to your child's concerns and feelings. Try to get the whole story by patiently asking questions. Take your time. And let your child take his or her time, too.❺ Remember to be patient. As a parent, it hurts to see your child unhappy or stressed. But you should not try to solve every problem for your child. Instead, try to help your child grow into a good problem-solver-a child who knows how to deal with life's ups and downs, express feelings in words, calm down when needed, and never give in to difficulties.Task l1. Paragraph ❶：2. Paragraph ❷：3. Paragraph ❸：4. Paragraph ❹：5. Paragraph ❺：Task26. Children can meet pressures___ .7. Parents can help their children cope with stress_ .8. Talk to your child when he/she is_ .9. Don't blame your child for_ .10. Parents should teach their children___ .

Self-esteem（自尊）and Body ImageSelf-esteem is all about what people think of themselves. It is important because feeling good about yourself can affect how you act. People who have high self-esteem will make friends easily. They are more in control of their behavior, and will enjoy life more.Some teenagers struggle with their self-esteem when they grow into adults because the body goes through many changes. Along with the changes comes a natural desire to feel accepted. What's more, they can't help but compare themselves with others. They may compare themselves with the people around them or with actors and other famous people they see on TV, in movies, or in magazines.The physical changes can affect how both girls and boys feel about themselves. Some girls may feel uncomfortable about their growing bodies. Others may wish that they were developing faster. Girls may feel like being thin but boys may feel like they don't look big enough.It's not just body development that affects self-esteem. Many other factors can affect a person's body image too. Family life, for example, can sometimes influence self-esteem. Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids and the way they look than praising them. This can reduce kids' ability to develop good self-esteem. Also their classmates and peers may tease them about the way they look. These sometimes can affect their self-esteem.If there are things about yourself that you want to change and you can change, do this by making goals for yourself If there are things that you can't change, recognize that your body is your own. It's no one's business but your own what your body is like. Actually, to be happy with yourself, all you need to do is to change the way you see your body.1. People with high self-esteem often___.2. Some teenagers struggle with their self-esteem because_.3. The word “tease” (Line 5, Para.4) most probably means_.4. To help kids develop good self-esteem, parents should_.5. To be happy with yourself you should___.

Famous BrandsWhy do we always buy certain shoes or clothes that have a famous brand? Why do we have to copy other people? The people we often admire the most are those who have their own styles. They don't want to copy someone else's.Big companies give free products to famous people, such as sportsmen and movie stars. They intend to get people like you to buy their products. When you spend a lot of money on an expensive pair of shoes, they may not suit you. You might enjoy more if you buy something else at the same price! Besides the brand, you may want to know why they are asking that price. The brand may sometimes have nothing to do with the quality of the product.It can be of bad quality and badly made. This makes you think why it has the designer,s name on it. It's very important for designers to use their creative talent to make something beautiful. But today the making of money has become more important. So they just copy other products and their standards fall.Creative products should be available to people at a reasonable price. In this way, big companies wouldn't be able to dominate（控制）the market and encourage people to spend too much money on their products.They are dominating the market by telling us what to buy. If you go into a toy shop or children's clothes shop, you'll find the whole section for girls is almost all pink. Because of the domination of big companies, the original arts and crafts are beginning to die out. It would be a real shame if these arts and crafts were to disappear.1.We like the people with their own styles.2.Big companies give famous people free products to attract buyers.3.Expensive products often suit people better.4.Famous brand products are of better quality.5.Creativity is important in making good products.6.Famous designers work overtime.7.Young people like creative products.8.Big companies price their products reasonably.9.Mothers prefer to shop for children's clothes.10.The domination of big companies does harm to creativity.

乙公司是一家大型连锁企业，在行业有着重要的地位，公司在内部沟通方面有着一套独特的方法，一是公司内部实行“门户开放”政靠，即在任何时间、地点，任何员工都能以口头或书面形式与管理人员乃至总裁进行沟通，提出自己的建议和关心的事情。“门户开放”政策使员工有机会表达他们的意见，对于可行的建议，公司会积极采纳并实施，二是与员工之间的沟通方式不拘一格，从一般面谈到公司股东会议都有。每一件有关公司的事情都可以公开，每个连锁分店都会公布自己的利润、进货、销售和降价情况，所有员工都能了解公司的各项业务指标。公司领导认为，员工了解其业务的进展情况是让他们最大限度地做好其本职工作的重要途径，它能使员工产生责任感和参与感，感觉到公司的尊重和信任，由此产生极大的积极作用。问题：（1）从管理角度讲什么是沟通？Z公司采用了哪些沟通方式？（2）沟通的必要性有哪些？试对Z公司沟通的作用进行分析。

H公司是一家生产矿山机械的中型企业，几年来，由于市场变化大，企业的生产经营活动常常因实际情况与计划指标着别较放而受到影响。公司领导认为，市场难以预测，编制计划作用不大，不如见销定产，市场需要什么，企业就生产什么。为此，从2015年开始，公司的年度计划编制就相当粗略，只是根据订货合同编制生产计划。在生产经营活动中，公司--方面加强广告宣传活动，积极参加各种订货会和展销会等，通过各种机会获取订单；另一方面加强生产调度工作，以应付各种临时出现的意外情况。不久，这种计划方式暴露出许多问题，一是公司对市场缺乏分析，当竞争对手推出一种能适应市场需求的新型产品时，公司的市场地位受到了严重挑战：二是由于公司不重视计划工作，对长远发展方向和目标没有明确规划，使得公司内部几年来不能有计划地进行技术改造工作，导致产品的生产工艺落后，设备老化，缺乏发展后劲，在一次大型矿山机械设备招标会上，由于产品性能低，制造成本高，公司最终败给了竞争对手。这引起公司领导的反思：公司究竟如何适应市场，开展计划管理工作号问题：（1）计划的作用是什么？为什么H公司的计划没有发挥出应有的作用？（2）企业长远发展方向和目标属于什么计划？其含义是什么？结合案例分析其重要性？

举例论述组织文化的功能。

简述控制的原则。

管理方格理论提出的领导行为方式包括哪些？

绩效考核的方法有哪些？

简述管理的科学性与艺术性。

物质需要是人类基本的需要，因此，物质激励就是唯一有效的激励方法。

勒温认为放任式领导是最有效的。

所谓集权就是把所有权力高度集中在高层管理者手中。

社会经济观认为企业的社会责任包括要对股东在内的所有利益相关者负责。

霍桑实验得出了复杂人的观点。

沟通的要素包括（）

费德勒领导权变理论中提出的影响领导有效性的因素包括（）

卢因提出的组织变革过程包括（）

下列属于扁平化组织结构优点的是（）

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