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How to Talk to a DoctorIt’s one of the saddest situations in modern medicine: The average doctor’s appointment lasts 15 minutes or less. 1 That doesn’t leave much time for chatting about the weather or your moodWhat you don’t realize but what I see, very clearly as a doctor is that what the patient says is more important than ever. 2 They can also make it much harder for me to figure out what’s wrong with you.Medical schools teach a specific way to conduct an office visit. Part one is the complaint. 3 Part two in the physical exam. And part three is when the doctor gives you a diagnosis and prescriptions or a treatment. Chances are, you focus on part three, but the patients who receive the best care are those who master part one. The key is to describe in detail what you’ve been feeling not just “bad,” but what kind of bad, for how long, and after what kind of activity. 4 Even though I’ve been a doctor for many years, I tend to be a little nervous when I’m the one sitting on the exam table. If I haven’t prepared, I lose track of the details I intended to share. 5 When the doctor asks you questions, you can be more specific, and the diagnosis and treatment will be more accurate. And there may be a few minutes left over for a little pleasant conversation!

Volunteers① Volunteers are people who work without being paid.They do the work because they want to. We need volunteers because there are many things that need to be done in society which the Government can’t afford to pay for.② Volunteers are motivated by a desire to help others and to make the world a better place. Statistics suggest that more than one million people do voluntary work in New Zealand. Some volunteers do the kind of work that they are particularly interested in,but perhaps haven’t had the chance to do during their working lives. Others make use of their professional skills and experience.③ Volunteers contribute to society in a number of ways. For example, some give their time to help preserve the natural environment. While there are government-run projects to maintain national parks and forests,the projects would not succeed without volunteers. Some environmental organizations rely solely on voluntary labor.④ "Meals on Wheels" is a voluntary organization run by the Red Cross. It delivers meals to elderly people who are unable to cook for themselves. Every year volunteer drivers deliver a million meals. This enables elderly people to remain in their own houses.⑤ Volunteer Service Abroad was started in 1962. It sends volunteers to poor countries. To be a volunteer you should be between the ages of 25 and 77,of good health and have a skill or ability that is requested by the country. Volunteers spend two years helping the local people improve their lives. Two years is a long time,but when they return,many volunteers say: It was the best two years of my life.1. Paragraph ①.2. Paragraph ②.3. Paragraph ③.4. Paragraph ④.5. Paragraph ⑤.

Spilt （打翻的） MilkI recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical achievements. He was asked why he was so much more creative than the average person.He responded that it all came from an experience when he was about two. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip (紧握) and it fell, spilling (打翻) the milk all over the floor.When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, or punishing him, she said, "Robert, what a wonderful mess you have made! Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?"Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, "Rober, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge (海绵) or a towel, which do you prefer?" He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.His mother then said, "You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it." The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.The scientist remarked that it was then that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment "doesn’t work," we usually learn something valuable from it.1. This story is about a scientist who.2. He got the milk spilt all over the kitchen floor because he.3. After seeing the spilt milk, his mother.4. The mother and the son went out in the back yard to.5. According to the text, mistakes give us chances to__.

Bicycle CommutingI may not be a movie star, best-selling author, or millionaire when I grow up, but one thing I will be known for, at least locally, is commuting by bicycle. It's sad to see how few people do----even though many could. Lots of people eagerly campaign for the reduction of greenhouse gases, but by driving cars, they're still contributing to the problem.You might be picturing me as an extreme environmentalist (环保主义者), but I'm not one of those teenagers who wear shirts that say "Help save the world: Recycle." Actually, my interest in exercise, health, and fitness led me to cycling.Cycling can help you lose weight, improve your health, and prevent many diseases. Cycling also carries a relatively low chance of injury.While being good for your body, bicycle commuting is also a great way to cut greenhouse gases. Many environmentalists recycle, plant trees, and drive hybrid cars (混合动力汽车), but bicycle commuting could be even more effective than all of those combined. You could cut down the amount of greenhouse gases just by commuting by bicycle a few times a week.Bicycle commuting saves money too. When you buy your bicycle and the things that usually go with it, you might be shocked by the cost. But if you think about the increasingly high gas prices, you will know for sure that you can save a significant amount each year by not driving a car.You might think that you don't have time for bicycle commuting. Actually, you probably do. You could cut back on your TV time and pick up this activity. It helps you care for the environment, save money, and most importantly get fit.1. I will write a best- selling book on cycling.（）2. Many local people commute by bicycle.（）3. I am devoted to environmental protection. （）4. I started cycling to improve my health. （）5. People are less likely to get injured while cycling. （）6. People drive to work for convenience.（）7. Bicycle commuting could be more effective in reducing greenhouse gases. （）8. People are in a good mood while cycling. （）9. Gas prices keep going up. ( )10. Bikes are inexpensive to most people. ( )

某英文报社正在举办题为“An Unforgettable Holiday”的征文活动，请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征，内容包括：

Water ShortageGetting water seems (seem) so easy for many people. You will be 1 (mistake) if you think there is an 2 (end) supply of water. In fact, the world has a water shortage. Seventy percent of the world is 3 (cover) in water. But most of it is salt water. Only a small 4 (percent) is fresh drinking water. Countries 5 (include) Spain, Italy and South Africa actually import water from countries such as the United States and Australia. 6 (surprising), 1.1billion people on earth have difficulty 7 (get) clean drinking water. This global problem is predicted to get 8 (bad) as the atmosphere becomes warmer.Every person in Britain 9 (use) about 150 litres of water a day. In some countries people only have 5 to 10 litres a day! They would be 10 (shock) to learn how we waste drinking water.

Talking Counts!Most words in a child’s vocabulary come from everyday encounters with language. Children 1 up language from books, media, and conversations.You can increase your child’s vocabulary and 2 knowledge by having conversations with them. With babies, you can talk to them about what you’re doing so they can begin to 3 words with concepts. As your baby begins to speak, start asking, “What’s that?” when 4 to objects or pictures. Elaborate on their 5 answers as a way to have them listening to more words. “Yes，that is a banana! It’s 6 and smooth.”With young children, you can talk about the things you see in your 7 , on trips around town, or on television. These conversations help build a child’s 8 of his world. When reading, pause to ask questions on the story. Ask, “Why do you think he did that?” or “What do you think is going to happen 9 ?’’ Tell your children stories from your own life, or about the day they were 10 . This helps develop their personal and cultural identity.

Lack of Sleep Is DangerousDo you know that if you miss out too much sleep you will die? It’s true! If you stay awake for a long, long time, your brain and body will break down.The unofficial world record for staying awake is 11 days, and it’s held by Randy Gardner. 1 He also had help from TV and radio reporters, a sleep researcher and a doctor.What happened? 2 Then his brain started to lose sense. On day 4, he thought a street sign was really a person. On day 6, he began to speak very slowly. On day 9, he couldn’t finish sentences. On day 10，Randy thought he saw a forest in the next room. 3 Eventually, after he’d broken the world record, Randy was told to go to sleep. Experiments that keep people awake for dangerously long periods are always stopped before the patients break down.Rats, however, aren’t so well cared for. 4 That’s sooner than if they’d been allowed to sleep but were given no food. They get really thin. But that’s not because they stop eating―quite the opposite. Even though these rats are eating food, their bodies can’t process it in the normal way. On top of that, their little bodies lose more heat than normal, which makes them weak. This means that they need more food to stay at a healthy temperature. 5 And that’s what lack of sleep does for you.

My Science Teacher① Usually when people decide to be teachers, they go to college, get a degree, and find a job at a school. They prepare lesson plans, give out homework, and make up tests. To them, it is just a job, a way to make a living. But for my science teacher, Mrs. Cook, teaching is not just her job; it’s who she is. She teaches through her heart.② She has so much enthusiasm in her lessons. She is the one who goes out late at night to buy 10 pounds of sugar for our experiments. She brings in water from the nearby canal to make her point, and to make us remember the lesson. She makes us think that each new fact could change our lives.③ Mrs. Cook wants all of us to do well in school. She tries to reach each student. She neither ignores the sleeping kid in the back, nor lets the problem students alone. She shows special concern to slow students, and often helps them after school. None of us can slip away from her attention.④ Middle school is probably one of the hardest times of our lives. We change friends so often, and fight with our parents constantly. But Mrs. Cook has made this year so much better for us than it could have been. We know that if we had to turn to anybody, it would be her. And I’m not alone in feeling this way; she is a role model for our whole class. ⑤ Science had never been my favorite subject. I had never borrowed science books. I had never performed experiments in my home. But this year, it’s the science class that I don’t mind waking up for, the test I don’t mind taking. I have Mrs. Cook to thank for that. She has taught us so much more than just a single subject.1. Paragraph ①.2. Paragraph ②.3. Paragraph ③.4. Paragraph ④.5. Paragraph ⑤.

Urban GardeningUrban gardening refers to the practice of planting a garden in the city. Apartments, town homes, and other areas with little or no land are being used for gardening. This method of gardening is becoming more common as the amount of land for gardening in cities is becoming smaller and smaller.Containers, hanging baskets and raised beds are examples of items people use to create a garden in a confined space. Some cities also offer a shared community garden for people who have no room to grow plants at home.Many types of plants can be grown in containers and baskets. Tomatoes and peppers, for instance, can grow in containers on windowsills （窗台）.Plants grown on a windowsill should usually receive at least six to eight hours of sunlight daily. Herbs are often grown in containers or baskets in the kitchen. They do not require much space and can be handy for cooking.People who want to grow more plants may use raised beds which are usually made of wood pieces and filled with a mixture of soil and fertilizers. They can be built on top of any hard surface, including roof tops. People like them because the beds often cost much less than most other methods of gardening.Community gardening could be an option for anyone who does not have space for a garden at home. Most cities that offer this will rent a small plot of land to someone for a fee, or allow them to use it free of charge. Instead of dividing the land into separate plots, some cities allow everyone in the neighborhood to share and work on the same land. This method could be beneficial for people in the neighborhood who share the passion for growing things.1. Urban gardening came into being as a result of .2. The word “confined”（Para. 2）means .3. Plants grown on windowsills require a lot of .4. Raised beds are popular because they .5. Community gardening is beneficial because it__.

Booking Online and Saving the EnvironmentWhen you are looking to book a holiday, it is unlikely that you will think about how green your booking decision is, but it is something that you should think about. By "green" we mean the impact on the environment.When looking to book a holiday, you will probably find that you are faced with two main decisions. The first is to go into a travel agency, pick up brochures（宣传册），read through them and go back with just one and book with the travel agents directly or over the phone. The second is to go onto the Internet.The Internet holds many advantages over the travel agencies. The main one is convenience. You can go online to look at holidays at any time of the day. The travel agents, however, are usually very busy at times when people can actually go, i.e. lunch hours or at the weekend. You could use the telephone, but you wouldn’t be able to see the pictures or the details of the holidays, so you would probably be sent a brochure anyway.There are websites on the Internet that make shopping for holiday deals much easier. These websites are known as price comparison websites. They search through lots of different tour operators, and the results are displayed on one page, from which you can choose.Compared with the travel agencies, booking online is greener. The piles of brochures are definitely not green, and the amount of unnecessary paper used can’t be good for the environment. In the days of the Internet, there is really no need for such a large amount of paper to be wasted. So booking online will not only save you time and effort, it will do a little bit towards saving the environment, too!1. When planning holidays, few people will think about being green. ( )2. There are two main choices when people look to book their holidays. ( )3. People go to travel agencies and make their decisions directly. ( )4. The main advantage of booking online is saving money. ( )5. Many people go to travel agencies at lunchtime. ( )6. Booking holidays by telephone requires less communicative skills. ( )7. There are limited choices at price comparison websites. ( ) 8. Travel agencies make the best use of price comparison websites. ( )9. Travelers collect brochures as a hobby. ( )10. Booking online is a way to save the environment. ( )

某英文报社正在举办题为“Live a Healthy Life”的征文活动。请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征。内容包括：

Federal Student Aid is an office providing (provide) student loans for higher education. The U.S. government knows the（1）(important) of higher education in positively（2）(impact) the nation. It makes sure that each（3）(qualify) student in America is able to get（4）(finance) help for higher education.Though parents can choose private funding through（5）(bank), the interest rates can be（6）(excessive) high. On the other hand, the interest rates of federally funded student loans are much less in（7）(compare). It is, therefore, very important that parents take all steps（8）(require) to apply for student loans through the government.Federal Student Aid is involved in（9）(educate) students and their families on the exact procedures to get student loans. Once the applications are（10）(receive), it processes them before the start of each school year.

A new study has good news for kids with strong reading skills. Such kids will have high intelligence as they get（1）.They will have a bright future.The study included 1,890 twins who did reading tests at（2）7 and 12, and an intelligence test at 16. The twins had the same genes（基因）and home environment. Therefore, the（3）between them had to be due to factors that they did not（4）.For example, one had a better teacher than the other. Some kids did better on the reading（5）than their twin brother or sister. They（6）did better on the intelligence test. The reading skills（7）to enhanced intelligence were evident by age 7. This shows that reading skills can（8）a child’s intellectual development.The study also helps to（9）the differences among kids in the same family. They share genes,（10）conditions and parents. But they can be different in intelligence.

“Mommy, I’ve got something for you!” George ran through the door after school one day. He waved something above his head. “See, it's a lucky pen!”.（1）I looked at the pen in my hand. There was nothing special about it. But I didn’t realize how special it was at that moment.I had made the decision to pursue a career in writing.（2）I had dreamed about it for a long time but I was afraid to take a chance. I was scared of rejection.The night before, I had voiced those fears to my husband when I thought George wasn’t listening. But George must have overheard us. Now he stood in front of me, watching me examine the pen. “You don’t have to be scared now” he said. “This pen will make your stories great and everyone will love you.” Tears filled my eyes.（3）Rejection didn’t seem like such a big deal any more. Even if I never sold the first story, I had everything I could ever need. George in my life!I found out later how lucky I was when I heard what he did to get the pen. During lunch break at school that day, George heard a boy talking about a lucky pen he had.（4）The boy was a tough negotiator but George didn’t give up. In the end, he traded his lunch, his favorite cartoon book, and his new football, his most prized possession for that pen. Just to make me feel better.（5）It never fails to remind me just how lucky I am! I am the luckiest mother in the world now and forever.

Easy Ways to Green up Your Life① Eating meat produces greenhouse gas emissions（排放）. If you can’t give up meat completely, you can reduce your consumption or give up beef. Don't eat out-of-season farm products. They are grown in greenhouses. A lot of energy goes into heating the greenhouses. And shipping such out-of-season farm products by air from remote places consumes huge amount of energy, too. Just look for local and in-season foods.② Spend less time behind the wheel, cycle and walk more, and use public transport more. If you have to drive, the first thing is to choose a car that uses comparatively less fuel. Besides, stick to the speed limit，keep your tires properly filled with air, empty your trunk of heavy items, and accelerate and brake gently.③ Want to take a vacation trip by plane? Don’t hurry. Think again. Air travel has a big impact on the environment compared with most other forms of travel. You have better choices. Consider having a vacation within driving distance. Of course, taking the train is the best choice.④ Think about how much “stuff” you own. A big part of emissions are linked to our consumption. To reduce it we need a change in consumption culture. Do we really need all the things we buy? And do we always need the newest one? Getting fewer things and making the ones you own last longer will reduce energy use.⑤ Your choices about heating and cooling your home are some of the most important things you can do in terms of cutting your greenhouse gas emissions. Keeping the temperature a little lower in the winter and higher in the summer can make a big difference.1. Paragraph①.2. Paragraph②.3. Paragraph③.4. Paragraph④.5. Paragraph⑤.

Garlic （大蒜）Garlic has a long history of human use of over 7,000 years. It was originally grown in Asia. It finally made its way to Europe and South and North Americas in the 16th century, it rapidly spread to the world because it was easy to grow and could stay alive in poor conditions.Garlic has also long been used in medicine. Egyptians fed garlic to the slaves to keep up their strength and to defend against diseases. The Romans believed that garlic cured many diseases and helped heal wounds. Greeks gave garlic to athletes during the Olympic Games in order to increase their strength.More recently, garlic has been mentioned as being used as a treatment for battle wounds in both World Wars. In fact, even today people eat garlic for its supposed benefits. For example, many people eat garlic to help fight colds and coughs. Some even claim that garlic can help prevent high blood pressure and cancer.A different use for garlic in the past was to keep away bad spirits. In some countries, people believed that if they wore garlic around their necks, bad things would not enter their bodies. And if they hung garlic outside the doors of their homes, bad things would go away.Garlic is now grown everywhere in the world. China is the largest producer of garlic, followed by India, South Korea, Egypt and Russia. The popularity of garlic has increased over the years. It is now widely used in all types of cooking. Chinese dishes use garlic. Italian dishes include a lot of garlic, too. Garlic is now highly valued for its taste throughout the world.1. Garlic was first grown in.2. Garlic was quickly accepted by people everywhere because it was.3. Ancient Greeks believed that garlic can help.4. Some ancient people hung garlic outside their doors to.5. The largest garlic grower in the world now is.

My BrotherMy brother is off at college, and at age 14, I miss him terribly. My brother is a rare kind of guy. He’s smart and kind. And my friends say he’s lovely. But it's how he handles things and how he treats his friends and his family that make me feel more proud.He applied to 14 colleges. He was accepted by all but one, the one he wanted, Brown University. So he took his second choice, and off he went to a first year. When he came home for summer vacation, he said he’d move to Rhode Island near Brown, find a job, and do whatever he could to become known in the area. He’d work his heart out and do his best at everything. Someone, he was sure, would notice. This was a big deal for my parents as it meant agreeing to a year without college. But they trusted him and encouraged him to do whatever he thought it would take to realize his dream.It wasn’t long before he was hired as an amateur(业余的) play director at Brown. Now was his chance to shine, and he did. He put every bit of himself into the job. He meet teachers and school officials, talked to everyone about his dream and never hesitated to tell them what he was after.And, sure enough, at the end of the year, when he reapplied to Brown, he was accepted. We were all happy, but for me the happiness went very deep. I had learned an important lesson—a lesson no one could have taught me with words. If I work hard for what I want, and if I keep trying after I’ve been turned down, my dreams can also come true. This is a gift I still hold in my heart.1. My brother had many good qualities.（）2. Only one university accepted my brother.（）3. My brother’s first year at college was terrible.（）4. My brother would like to find a job in Rhode Island.（）5. My parents disagreed with my brother’s plan.（）6. My brother took every opportunity to promote himself.（）7. My brother never told anyone what he was after.（）8. My brother applied to Brown University three times.（）9. My brother set a good example for me.（）10. I wanted to go to college, too.（）

某英文报社正在举办题为“Green Transportation”的征文活动，请你根据下述写作要点提交一篇英文短文应征。

Learning From MistakesLots of people dare not make mistakes (mistake). They fear they will be laughed at or（1）(blame) by others. They fear they will lose their money and（2）(belonging) or be under heavy stress. But risks are（3）(possible) to avoid and they do pave the way towards success. Have you ever（4）(hear) of anyone who achieves success without making any mistakes?So it is only（5）(nature) that making mistakes should be considered a must. You shouldn't worry about that as you（6）(probable) get lots of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes, you can at least distinguish between the correct and the（7）(correct) parts of what you did. Robert Stevenson once said: “Our business in life is not to be（8）(success), but to continue to fail in good spirits”.You needn't worry about anything as long as you keep on going by（9）(wise) learning from your mistakes and（10）(try) even harder.

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