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设矩阵A =与B =相似，则数a=_____.

设向量η是4元齐次线性方程组Ax = 0的一个基础解系，则r(A) =_____.

设向量组α1 =(a，2，3)T， α2 =(1，1，﹣1)T，α3 =(2，﹣4，5)T，若存在不全为零的常数k1，k2，k3，使得k1a1 + k2a2 + k3a3=0 ，则数a=_____.

设矩阵A=， r(A) = 2 ，则数a=_____.

设A为2阶矩阵，将A的第1行与第2行互换得到矩阵B，再将B的第2行加到第1行得到单位矩阵E，则A=_____.

若 a = (1，2，3，4)T ，则aTa = _____.

设α1，α2，β1，β2是3维列向量，且3阶行列式|α1，α2，α3 |=m，|α2，β2，α1 |=n，则=|α2，α1，β1+β2 |=_____.

已知行列式，则第3列元素的代数余子式之和A13 + A23 + A33=_____.

设3阶实对称矩阵A的秩为1，则A的特征值λ=0的重数为

设非齐次线性方程组Ax=b，其中A为m×n阶矩阵，r（A） = r，则

设向量组（1，1，1）T，(a，1，0)T，（1，b，0）T线性相关，则数a，b可取值为

设A为2阶矩阵，若已知，则A﹣1=

设A，B为3阶矩阵，则必有

How to Protect the Art of Public Speaking If you want to become the type of speaker you've always wanted to be, read the following suggestions. ① You can't go from a nervous speaker to a star speaker overnight. You shouldn't expect to. Give yourself time to get used to a large audience. Start with smaller groups and get as much feedback as you can. Keep on practicing and developing your skills. ② Be familiar with your speech materials. That doesn't mean memorizing your speech, which can lack enthusiasm and naturalness. Know your key talking points, supporting details and ways to move from one point to the next. ③ Positive energy can be passed. If you're excited and enthusiastic, your audience will be, too. You'll be surprised at the positive cycle that creates. An enthusiastic audience can add even more energy to you. Use hand gestures. When appropriate, smile, smile, smile. ④ Find friendly, interested faces in the audience and speak to them. Look into their eyes. It helps prevent you from staring off into the distance or reading from notes. It also helps make you feel like you are talking in a conversation rather than speaking to a group. ⑤ When you look great, you feel great. That makes you confident. Looking great doesn't mean wearing new clothes. It means wearing clothes and shoes you feel comfortable and appropriate to the setting. You can't go wrong with business suit. Simple is fine, but you should look clean from head to toe. 1. Feedback helps speakers___.2. Memorizing materials may lead to_.3. Hand gestures and smiles help create_.4. Looking into the eyes of the audience helps_.5. Wearing right clothes may___.

Ancient Greek Values① Ancient Greek civilization has greatly helped the building of today's society. Many countries now still base their laws and ethics(伦理)on the teachings and doings of ancient Greeks. In everyday life, ancient Greeks valued loyalty, glory, intelligence and hospitality (好客). These may seem simple values, but they did effectively shape ancient Greece into a most referenced culture in history.② During ancient Greece, men were required to go to school and learn. Boys were taught at home until they were 6 years old and then sent off to school. Ancient Greek schools featured a structure that had boys in school from the age of six until fourteen and then an optional additional four years. The boys were trained in arts and in citizen training. Citizen training prepared Greek boys for two aspects of adult life, which were peace and war.③ Glory for young men in ancient Greece was the same as fame to young people today. Stories of war glories and battles were handed down to young men so that they desired to make their names along with the victory of a battle.④ Helping your fellow man was an important aspect of life in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks were kind and generous. They offered food, shelter and protection to travelers without question. They believed that helping others was their brotherly duty.⑤ Loyalty is perhaps the most important value of ancient Greek civilization. It was stressed in everything the Greeks did. They believed in loyalty to the family, the community and most importantly to the gods. The gods of ancient Greece often sent tests to citizens. Keeping faith through the tests was a sign of loyalty and belief.1.Ancient Greek values are held_____.2.Young men in ancient Greece were required_.3.Young Greeks had a strong desire_.4.Ancient Greeks saw it as a duty_.5.Ancient Greeks stressed loyalty_______.

How to Forgive, Forget and Let Go① Forgiving someone does not mean releasing them from an earlier guilt. What if the person who wronged you is not living? What if the person is someone who made you extremely embarrassed during school 20 or 30 years ago? Letting go of emotional pain does not mean that nothing happened; it means that you no longer want to be controlled by it.② Recognize that forgiveness is not denial. Whatever caused the pain was a real incident. Denying that it happened means it is too painful to work through the emotions. There is no timeline on forgiveness. Some steps take longer to get through, and it is acceptable to set them aside for a period of time. Part of forgiveness is understanding whether or not someone takes responsibility for what happened, and may even show regret.③ Understand, that not everyone who forgives reconciles with the person who caused the pain. There are relationships that are harmful and even physically dangerous. While it is possible to forgive the past and move beyond it, it may also mean that the person who was involved can no longer play an active role in your life. If a person or situation is not safe, it may be best not to reconcile the relationship now. Work on forgiveness at a time when you are emotionally healthy and physically safe.④ Make a conscious decision to forgive someone. Even if they never apologize for what happened, determine within yourself that it is fine to proceed without this apology. Apologies should not be asking for forgiveness. Apologies should be offered as an effort of true regret. They should be admitting that taking personal responsibility for the situation is important. Even without that apology, make up your mind to forgive, forget, and eventually let go.1. You may forgive someone ___.2. There is no fixed time _.3. Even if you've forgiven someone, _.4. Don't rush to forgive those _.5. Some people apologize merely _.6. If you expect an apology, ___.

How to Forgive, Forget and Let Go ① Forgiving someone does not mean releasing them from an earlier guilt. What if the person who wronged you is not living? What if the person is someone who made you extremely embarrassed during school 20 or 30 years ago? Letting go of emotional pain does not mean that nothing happened; it means that you no longer want to be controlled by it. ② Recognize that forgiveness is not denial. Whatever caused the pain was a real incident. Denying that it happened means it is too painful to work through the emotions. There is no timeline on forgiveness. Some steps take longer to get through, and it is acceptable to set them aside for a period of time. Part of forgiveness is understanding whether or not someone takes responsibility for what happened, and may even show regret. ③ Understand, that not everyone who forgives reconciles with the person who caused the pain. There are relationships that are harmful and even physically dangerous. While it is possible to forgive the past and move beyond it, it may also mean that the person who was involved can no longer play an active role in your life. If a person or situation is not safe, it may be best not to reconcile the relationship now. Work on forgiveness at a time when you are emotionally healthy and physically safe. ④ Make a conscious decision to forgive someone. Even if they never apologize for what happened, determine within yourself that it is fine to proceed without this apology. Apologies should not be asking for forgiveness. Apologies should be offered as an effort of true regret. They should be admitting that taking personal responsibility for the situation is important. Even without that apology, make up your mind to forgive, forget, and eventually let go.5. You may forgive someone ___.6. There is no fixed time _.7. Even if you've forgiven someone, _.8. Don't rush to forgive those _.9. Some people apologize merely _.10. If you expect an apology, ___.

A Fighting Lady① Deborah Sampson was born in 1760. There were many children in her family and they were poor. When Deborah was just a young girl, her father left and went off to sea. Being in poor health, her mother could not care for her children. So she sent them to live with different relatives, hoping these people would take care of her children.② Young Deborah, less than seven years old, had to work for a farmer. On the farm, she learned to ride and hunt. She did housework as well. Life was difficult, but Deborah worked hard and grew strong. The farmer had ten sons, and Deborah helped to take care of them. In the evening, she had the boys talk about their lessons with her. By this she learned what they learned. She also borrowed their school books to read every night. When she was 18, Deborah became a teacher.③ Soon after she started her new career, the American Revolution began. She wanted to fight for her country, but women could not be soldiers at that time Deborah had a plan. She was tall for a woman of that time. She made herself a man's suit and secretly practiced walking and talking like a man. Finally, she joined the army using the name Robert.④ "Robert"was a brave soldier. He fought with courage in every battle, and other soldiers respected him. They never suspected that their fellow soldier was a woman. Once he caught a fever and had to go to the hospital. There a doctor found out that Robert was actually a woman. Deborah then had to leave the army, but she was not punished. Some people say she even met General George Washington before she left.⑤ Later, Deborah married a farmer and had three children. She taught in school and gave lectures about her time in the army till retirement. Deborah died at the age of 66. She was a true American hero.1.Deborah was sent to others home because.2.Deborah became a teacher by.3.Deborah went into the army by.4.Deborah left the army after.5.Deborah was a hero.

Team Work in Sports① Teams that win in team sports are often those that work well together. Learning to cooperate with others towards a common goal in sports is what builds character, friendship and important life skills for players.② Working towards a common goal will keep the team firmly together. Entering into a new season in sports, you might only know a few of the players on your team. Some of the players may be people you do not like. But when your team decides to be the winner of the season, personal differences are often set aside for the common good of the team. By the end of the season, players who have fought through the whole season may become good friends, much like brothers.③ For kids and young adults, team sports offer a way for them to get out and meet with friends. This can help them avoid spending too much time at home watching television and playing video games. Team work teaches people how to help each other and encourage each other. It can also give players a greater respect for one another and can build friendships that last a lifetime.④ Team work in sports offers a way for people to compete for something together. It is important to know that winning is not everything in sports and healthy competition can be good for people. Working towards a goal can teach people the value of hard work, commitment and devotion. Team sports are a great way to learn these values.⑤ Team work in sports can help young people develop stronger communication skills. As every member must work for the same goal, they learn how to work with one another successfully.1.Cooperation in team sports helps build.2.When your team decides to win the season, you set aside.3.In team sports, kids learn to.4.In team sports, people learn the value of.5.A long- lasting friendship can be built.

the Aloha State① Hawaii is sometimes called "the Aloha State." Aloha is a word in the Hawaiian language meaning love and peace. It is often used as a way to say “hello” or “goodbye.” Hawaii is like the word aloha, because it is a state that has two viewpoints: it remembers its history and looks toward the future.② Hawaii is a U.S. state made up of a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is made up of eight large islands and over 100 other smaller islands. It is the only state that is not in North America. The islands were formed by volcanoes that erupted （爆发）and rose above the ocean. There are still active volcanoes in Hawaii.③ Because of its location, Hawaii has a tropical climate. It is warm, but usually not hot, all year long. Rarely does the temperature drop below 60 degrees Fahrenheit（华氏温度）, although it may occasionally snow at the top of some of the mountains.④ Once called the Sandwich Islands by Europeans, Hawaii is thought to have been settled by ancient sailors from other islands in the Pacific. The British explorer Captain Cook was thought to be the first European to find the islands in 1778. Because of its location, Hawaii became a frequent stop for European traders and ships. Hawaii was an independent country before it became part of the United States in 1893. It was governed by either a king or a queen. It is one of the only four U.S. states to have been a country before statehood. It was admitted into the Union in 1959 as the 50th state.⑤ Today Hawaii is important as a vacation destination. Each year over 6 million people visit Hawaii to enjoy the beaches, the beautiful ocean, and the historical Hawaiian culture. Come and visit Hawaii. You are sure to love it!1.Aloha is often used as. 2.Hawaii islands are formed by.3.Visitors can see snow on.4.Hawaii used to be ruled by.5.People visit Hawaii for.

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