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The ability of bank to create deposits is determined by the ratio of liouid assets which they（）.　　

In some countries girls are still（）of a good education.

In her new book Cogs and Monsters: What Economics Is, and What It Should Be, Diane Coyle, an economist at Cambridge University, argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress. “Whatever we mean by the economy growing, by things getting better, the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past,” she writes. “An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers, with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politically sustainable.” Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including health care and construction, says Coyle. But people can’t be expected to embrace the changes if they’re not seeing the benefits—if they’re just seeing good jobs being destroyed. In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review, Coyle said she fears that tech’s inequality problem could be a roadblock to deploying AI. “We’re talking about disruption,” she says. “These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day, that change business models that succeed.” To make such “tremendous changes,” she adds, you need social buy-in. Instead, says Coyle, resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities. According to the Brookings Institution, a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco, San Jose, Boston, and Seattle had roughly 38% of all tech jobs by 2019. New AI technologies are particularly concentrated: Brookings’s Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States (San Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter). The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar. Not only will this foster political and social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow. Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda. That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants. Muro and others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers, for example. A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don’t simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care most about, like health care, education, and manufacturing.1. Coyle argues that economic growth should .2. According to Paragraph 2, digital technologies should be used to .3. What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?4. Several cities are mentioned to .5. With regard to concern,the author suggests .

Your social life is defined as "the activities you do with other people, for pleasure, when you are not working". It's important to have a social life, but what's right for one person won’t be right for another. Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time with others, （ 1 ） some of us may feel drained, even if it’s doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a （ 2 ） in your social life is key. Spending too much time on your own, not （ 3 ） others, can make you feel lonely and （ 4 ）. Loneliness is known to impact on your mental health and （ 5 ） a low mood. Anyone can feel lonely at any time. This might be especially true if, （ 6 ） you are working from home and you are （ 7 ）on the social conversations that happen in the office. Other life changes also （ 8 ） periods of loneliness too, such as retirement, changing a job or becoming a parent.It’s important to recognize feelings or loneliness. There are ways to （ 9 ） a social life. But it be overwhelming （ 10 ）. You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet （ 11 ） people. There are groups aimed at new parents, at those who want to （ 12 ） a new sport for the first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and （ 13 ） ideas.On the other hand, it is （ 14 ）possible to have too much of a social life. If you feel like you’re always doing something and there is never any （ 15 ） in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social burnout or social （ 16 ）. We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognize when you're feeling like it's all too much. Low mood, low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be （ 17 ） of poor social health. Make sure you （ 18 ） some time in your diary when you're （ 19 ） for socialising and use this time to relax, （ 20 ） and recover.

THE UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood, a trade body has warned. Confor chiefs believe urgent action is needed to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations. Currently only 20 per cent of the UK's wood requirement is homegrown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world, bringing in around £7.5 billion annually. Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees, the trade body says these don't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies. “Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now, but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood," said Stuart Goodall, chief executive of Confor. "For decades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply, leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall." The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed, Confor say. While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber, the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 per cent. The causes of the UK’s current position are complex and range from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the decimation of trees from grey squirrels. It also encompasses significant hesitation on behalf of farmers and other landowners to invest in longer term planting projects. While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK’s net zero strategy, the focus of government support continues to be on food production and the rewilding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity. The recently launched Woodland Creation Offer, which pledges farmers and landowners £10,000 for each hectare planted, failed to mention timber production, albeit the Forestry Commission's Richard Stanford has since spoken of the importance of it. Stuart added: "While food production and biodiversity health are clearly of critical importance, we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction, manufacturing and to contribute to net zero. “While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting, there has been little action on the ground. Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand.”1. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to .2. According to Confor, UK government fresh incentives .3. The UK exposure to fluctuating wood prices is the result of .4. Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?5. What does Goodall think US government should do?

One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to turn over the key. “It’s a complete life-changer when someone stops—or is forced to stop—driving,” said former risk manager Anne M. Menke. “The American Medical Association advises physicians that ‘in situation where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,’” Menke wrote. “Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports, while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality,” she counseled. Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including gerontologists, highway administration officials, automotive engineers and others, said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan. “There’s not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,” she said. “We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe and what can help,” said Dugan. One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older, according to one study. Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers, although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two. Many old drivers don’t see eye doctors or can’t afford to. Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can’t turn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven’t changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily. As long as there are other cars on the roads, self-driving cars won’t solve the problems of crashes, said Dugan. Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require too many algorithms, she said. But we need to do more to improve safety, said Dugan. “If we’re going to have 100-year lives, we need cars that a 90-year-old can drive comfortably.”1.According to Paragraph1, keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road .2.The American medical associations advice .3.According to Dugan, efforts to keep older drivers safe _.4.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to _.5.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in_____.

<p>If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several. Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form. Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.<br>While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected, safeguarded and shared online. Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is primarily focused on the way hospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legal protections.<br>Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated. In 2021, Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission（FTC） investigation. The FTC alleged in a complaint that "despite express privacy claims, the company took control of users' sensitivity fertility data and shared it with third parties.” Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users' express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.<br>Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm. While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.<br>As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data. California has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. Virginia，Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation.<br>1.The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show .</p><p>2.What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?</p><p>3.Before sharing its users' health information, Flo Health is required to.</p><p>4. What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?</p><p>5.It can be learned from the last paragraph that health data protection .</p><div tdoc-="" inner_data_type="webData"></div><div><div><p><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div tdoc-="" health="" information,="" flo="" is="" required="" to____.","range":{"gcpbegin":0,"len":0}},"builtinstylename":""},{"operationtype":"modifyrunprop","param":{"range":{"gcpbegin":0,"len":76},"property":{"rfonts":{"ascii":"arial,="" helvetica,="" sans-serif","hansi":"arial,="" sans-serif","eastasia":"arial,="" sans-serif","cs":"arial,="" sans-serif","asciitheme_i":true,"hansitheme_i":true,"eastasiatheme_i":true},"b":{"val":false},"i":{"val":false},"strike":{"val":false},"color":{"val":"19233c"},"spacing":{"val":0},"sz":{"val":210},"u":{"val":"stunderline_none"},"shd":{"val":"stshd_clear","color":"auto","fill":"ffffff"},"author":"p.13102702371104562"},"mode":1},"propertytype":"runproperty","builtinstylename":""},{"operationtype":"inserttext","param":{"text":"\r","range":{"gcpbegin":76,"len":0}},"builtinstylename":""},{"operationtype":"modifyrunprop","param":{"range":{"gcpbegin":76,"len":1},"property":{"rfonts":{"ascii":"arial,="" sans-serif","asciitheme_i":true,"hansitheme_i":true,"eastasiatheme_i":true},"b":{"val":false},"strike":{"val":false},"color":{"val":"19233c"},"spacing":{"val":0},"sz":{"val":210},"u":{"val":"stunderline_none"},"shd":{"val":"stshd_clear","color":"auto","fill":"ffffff"},"author":"p.13102702371104562","isplaceholder":true},"mode":1},"propertytype":"runproperty","builtinstylename":""},{"operationtype":"modifyparagraphprop","param":{"range":{"gcpbegin":76,"len":1},"property":{"pbdr":{},"snaptogrid":{"val":true},"spacing":{"before":0,"after":60,"line":377},"ind":{"left":0},"taskpr":{},"numpr":{}},"mode":1},"propertytype":"paragraphproperty","builtinstylename":""}],"substory":[],"srcglobalpadid":"w3_abia2qboabqefpcahcurjetyx1bss","copystart":17501}"="" inner_data_type="webData"></div><div><div><p><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div>

High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However, college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activities matter more than the number of activities he or she participates in.Sue Rexford, the director of college guidance at the Charles. E. Smith Jewish Day School , says it is not necessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application."No college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have been passionately involved in each for an tended period of time, " Rexford wrote in an email.Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity."The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer, and so if they 're going to do a popular activity, I'd say, be the best at it."says Sara Harherson, a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently often impress colleges, experts say."For example, a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential by starting a profitable small business." Olivia Valdes, the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm, wrote in an email.Josoph Adegboyega—Edun, a Maryland High school guidance counselor, says unconventional extracurricular activities can help students impress college admissions offices, assuming they demonstrated serious commitment."Again, since one of the big question high school seniors must consider is 'What makes you unique?', having an uncommon extracurricular activity vs. a conventional one is an advantage," he wrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in the college admissions process, especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions.“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process, especially for highly selective institutions, where having top grades and test scores is not enough,”Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email. "Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community.”Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial, experts suggest. "If you already know your major, having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus," says Mayghin Levine, the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabbage Patch Settlement House, a Louisville, Kentucky, nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship, says Erica Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofit organization.

Jennifer has never really（） her son’s death. It’s very hard to accept the fact that she’ll never have a child.　　

For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve.1.Recruiting more first-generation students has （）.2.The authors of the research article are optimistic because （）. 3.The study suggests that most first-generation students （）. 4.The author of the paper believe that first-generation students （）. 5.We may infer from the last paragraph that（）.

Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the Midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.1.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is（）.2.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it （）. 3.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they （）. 4.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species is （）. 5.Jay Lininger would most likely support（）.

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work” - the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work - be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting,” he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don't realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain.” says Pillay.1.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to（）.2.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that （）. 3.According to Newport, idleness is （）. 4.Pillay believes that our brain's shift between being focused and unfocused （）. 5.This text is mainly about （）.

It is unimaginable for someone in such a high（） in the government to behave so badly in public.　　

When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at commu-nicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60, 000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5 bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if it returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.While the government’s commitment to long-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.1.The author believes that the housing sector（） .2.It can be learned that affordable housing has （） . 3.According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may （） . 4.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would （） . 5.The author believes that after 2015, the government may（） .

Navigating beyond the organised pavements and parks of our urban spaces, desire paths are the unofficial footprints of a community, revealing the unspoken preferences, shared shortcuts and collective choices of humans. Often appearing as trodden dirt tracks through otherwise neat green spaces, these routes of collective disobedience cut corners, bisect lawns and traverse hills, representing the natural capability of people (and animals) to go from point A to point B most effectively.Urban planners interpret desire paths as more than just convenient shortcuts; they offer valuable insights into the dynamics between planning and behaviour. Ohio State University allowed its students to navigate the Oval, a lawn in the centre of campus, freely, then proceeded to pave the desire paths, creating a web of effective routes students had established.Yet, reluctance persists among other planners to integrate desire paths into formal plans, citing concerns about safety, environmental impact, or primarily, aesthetics. AReddit webpagedevoted to the phenomenon, boasting nearly 50,000 members, showcases images of local desire paths adorned with signs instructing pedestrians to adhere to designated walkways, underscoring the rebellious nature inherent in these human-made tracks. This clash highlights an ongoing struggle between the organic, user-driven evolution of public spaces and the desire for a visually curated and controlled urban environment.The Wickquasgeck Trail is an example of a historical desire path, created by Native Americans to traverse the forests of Manhattan and move between settlements quickly. This trail, when Dutch colonists arrived, was widened and made into one of the main trade roads across the island, known at the time as de Heere Straat, or Gentlemen’s Street. Following the British assumption of control in New York, the street was renamed Broadway. Notably, Broadway stands out as one of the few areas in NYC that defies the grid-based system applied to the rest of the city, cutting a diagonal across parts of the city.In online spaces, desire paths have sparked a fascination that can approach obsession, with the Reddit page serving as a hub. Contributors offer a wide array of stories, from little-known new shortcuts to long-established alternate routes.Animal desire paths, such as ducks forging trails through frozen ponds or dogs carving direct routes in gardens, highlight the adaptability of these trails in both human and animal experiences. As desire paths criss-cross through both physical and virtual landscapes, they stand as a testament to the collective insistence on forging unconventional routes and embracing the spirit of communal choice.36.According to Paragraph 1, desire paths are a result of_.37. It can be inferred that Ohio State University_.38.The images on the Reddit webpage reflect_.39.The example of the Wickquasgeck Trail illustrates.40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that desire paths_.

There are many understandable reasons why you might find it difficult to ask for help when you need it. Psychologists have been interested in this 1 for decades, not least because people's widespread 2 to ask for help has led to some high-profile failures.Asking for help takes 3 . It involves communicating a need on your part-there's something you can't do. 4 , you're broadcasting your own weaknesses which can be 5 . You might worry about coming across as incompetent. You might have 6 about losing control of whatever it is you're asking for help with. 7 someone starts to help, perhaps they'll take over, or get credit for your earlier efforts. Yet another 8 that might be worried about is being a nuisance or 9 the person you go to for help. If you struggle with low self-esteem, you might find it especiallydifficult to 10 for help because you have the added worry of the other person 11 your request. You might see such refusals as implying something 12 about the status of your relationship with them. To 13 these difficulties, try to remind yourself that everyone needs help sometimes. Nobody knows everything and can do everything all by themselves. And while you might 14 coming across as incompetent, there's actually research that shows that advice-seekers are 15 as more competent, not less. Perhaps most encouraging of all is a paper from 2022 by researchers at Stanford University that involved a mix of contrived help-seeking interactions and asking people to 16 times they'd sought help in the past. The findings showed that help-seeker generally underestimate how 17 other people will be to help and how good it'll make the help-giver feel (for most people, having the chance to help someone is highly 18 ). So, bear all this in mind the next time you need to ask for help 19 , take care over who you ask and when you ask them. And if someone can't help right now, avoid talking it personally. They might just be too 20 , or they might not feel confident about their ability to help.

Everyone wants to be that person--the one who looks at the same information as everyone else, but who sees a fresh, innovative solution. However, it takes more than simply having a good idea. How you share it is as important as the suggestion itself. Why? Because writing a new script--literally or figuratively-means that other team members will have to adapt to something new. So whether you're suggesting a (seemingly) benign change like streamlining outdated protocol, or a bigger change like adding anhour to each workday so people can leave early on Fridays, you're asking others to reimagine their workflow or schedule. Not to mention, if the process your scrapping is one someone else suggested, there's the possibility ofhurt feelings.To gain buy-in on an innovative, new idea, follow these five steps:41.___Great ideas don't stand alone. In other words, you can't mention your suggestion once andexpect it to be adopted. To see a change, you'll needto champion your plan and sell its merits. In addition, you need to be willing to stand up to scrutiny and criticism and be prepared to explain your innovation in different ways for various audiences.42.Sometimes it makes sense to go to your boss first. But other times, it's useful to build a coalition among your co-workers or other stakeholders. When it works, it works greatbecause you're ready for your stubbom supervisor's pushback with answers like, “Actually, I cormected with a few people in our tech department to discuss how much time these kinds of website updates would take, andthey suggested they have the bandwidth."43._One of the biggest baniers to gaining buy-in occurs when the owner of anidea is viewed asargumentative, defensive, or close-minded. Because, let's behonest: No one likes a know-it-all. So, if people disagree with you, don't be indignant. Instead, listen to their concems fully, try to understand their perspective, andinclude their concems (and possible remedies) in future discussions.So. instead of saving.“Martha. our current slogan is confusing and should be updated," you could try, “Martha raises a great point that our current slogan has a long history for our stakeholders, but I wonder if we might able to brainstomm a tagline that could build onthat-and be clearer for new customers."44._New ideas are the grandchildren of old ones. In other words, don't throw old solutions under the bus to make your improvement stand out. Remember that in light of whatever the problem the old system solved--or, maybe, has failed to solve in recent memory--it was a great idea at the time. Appreciating the older contributions as you suggest future innovations helps bolster the credibility of your idea.45.______When pitching a new idea, it 's important use the language of abundance instead ofthe language of deficit. Instead of saying what is wrong, broken, or suboptimal, talk about what is right, fixable, or ideal. For example, try, “I can see lots of applications for this new approach" rather than, “This innovation is the only way.” Be optimistic but realistic, andyou will stand out.

Customers historically tipped people they assumed were earning most of their income via tips, such as restaurant servers earning less than the minimum wage. In the early 2010s, a wide range of businesses started processing purchase with ipads and other digital payment systems. These systems often prompted customers to tip for services that were not previously tipped.Today’s tip request are not connected to the salary and service norms that used to determine when and how people tip. Customers in the past nearly always paid tips after receiving a service, such as at the conclusion of a restaurant meal, after getting a haircut once your pizza was delivered. That timing could reward high-quality service and give workers an incentive to provide it. It’s becoming more common for tips to be requested beforehand. And new tipping technology may even automatically add tips.The prevalence of digital payment device has made it easier to ask customers for a tip. That helps explain why tip request are creeping into new kinds of services. Customers now mountain see menus of suggested default options often well above 20% of what they owe. The amounts have risen from 10 or less in 1980 to is around the up or 2000 to 20 or higher today. This insurance is sometimes called application--the expection of ever-higher tip amounts.Tipping has always been a certain source of income for worker in history tipped services, like restaurants, where the tipped minimum wage can be as low as 2.03. Tip creep and tipflation are now further supplmenting the income of many low-wage services workers.Notably, tipping primarily benefits some of these workers, such as waiters, but not others, such as cooks and dishwashers. To ensure that all employees were paid fair wages, some restaurants banned tipping and increased prices, but this movement toward no-tipping services has largely fizzled out.So, to increase employee wages without raising prices, more employers are succumbing to the temptations of tip creep and tipflation. However, many customers are frustrated because they feel they are being asked for too high of a tip, too often. And, as our research emphasizes, tipping now seems to be more coercive, less generous and often completely dissociated from service quality.21.According to Paragraph 1, the practice of tipping ___.22.Compared with tips in the past, today’s tips _.23.Tip request are creeping into new services as a result of _.24.The movement toward no-tipping service intend to _.25.It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping ___.

When it was established, the National Health Service was visionary: offering high-quality, timely care to meet the dominant needs of the population it served. Nearly 75 years on, with the country facing very different health challenges, it is clear that model is out of date.From life expectancy to cancer and infant mortality rates, we are lagging behind many of our peers. With more than 6.8 million on waitlists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who cannot opt to pay for private treatment; and the cost of providing healthcare is increasingly squeezing out investment in other public services. The OBR now describes healthcare spending as the “largest – and most likely – source of long-term risk to fiscal sustainability”.As demand for healthcare continues to grow, pressures on the workforce – which is already near breaking point – will only become more acute.Many of the answers to the crisis in health and care are well rehearsed. We need to be much better at reducing and diverting demand on health services, rather than simply managing it. Much more needs to be invested in communities and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospitals. And capacity in social care needs to be greater, to support the growing number of people living with long-term conditions.Yet despite two decades of strategies and a number of major health reforms, we have failed to make meaningful progress on any of these aims.That is why Reform is launching a new programme of work entitled "Reimagining health", supported by ten former health ministers from across the three main political parties. Together, we are calling for a much more open and honest conversation about the future of health in the UK, and an “urgent rethink” of the hospital-centric model we retain.This must begin with the question of how we maximise the health of the nation, rather than “fix” the NHS. It is estimated, for example, that healthcare accounts for only about 20% of health outcomes. Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise – yet there is no clear cross-government strategy for improving these social determinants of health. Worse, when policies like the national obesity strategy are scrapped, taxpayers are left with the hefty price tag of treating the illnesses, like diabetes, that result.Reform wants to ask how power and resources should be distributed in our health system. What health functions should remain at the centre, and what should be devolved to local leaders, often responsible for services that create health, and with a much better understanding of the needs of their populations?26.According to the first two paragraphs, the NHS ___.27.One answer to the crisis in health and care is to _.28."Reimagining health" is aimed to _.29.To maximise the nations health,the author suggests _.30.It can be inferred that local leaders should ___.

These heat action plans, or HAPs, have been proliferating in India in the past few years. In general, an HAP spells out when and how officials should issue heat warnings and alert hospitals and other institutions. Nagpur’s plan, for instance, calls for hospitals to set aside “cold wards” in the summer for treating heatstroke patients, and advises builders to give construction laborers a break from work on very hot days.But implementation of existing HAPs has been uneven, according to a March report from the Centre for Policy Research (CPR), a prominent Indian think tank. It reviewed 37 plans adopted by cities, states, or administrative districts.Many lack adequate funding, it found. And their triggering thresholds often are not customized to the local climate, says Dileep Mavalankar, director of the Indian Institute of Public Health, who has been closely involved in Ahmedabad’s HAP. In some areas, high daytime temperatures alone might serve as an adequate trigger for alerts. Ahmedabad, for example, set its threshold for initial alerts at 41°C based on data showing that heat-related deaths began to climb at that point. But in other places, nighttime temperatures or humidity might be as important a gauge of risk as daytime highs.Mumbai’s April heat stroke deaths highlighted the need for more nuanced and localized warnings, researchers say. That day’s high temperature of roughly 36°C was 1°C shy of the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities set by national meteorological authorities. But the effects of the heat were amplified by humidity—an often neglected factor in heat alert systems—and the lack of shade at the late-morning outdoor ceremony. Ironically, the state of Maharashtra, which includes Mumbai, had adopted its own HAP just 2 months before the tragedy. It advised shifting outdoor events to early mornings on hot days.To help improve HAPs, Kotharkar’s team is working on a model plan that outlines best practices and could be adapted to local conditions. Among other things, she says, all cities should create a vulnerability map to help focus responses on the populations most at risk. (The CPR study found that only two of the 37 HAPs it examined identified the most vulnerable populations.)Such mapping doesn’t need to be complex, Kotharkar says. “A useful map can be created by looking at even a few key parameters.” For example, neighborhoods with a large elderly population or informal dwellings that cope poorly with heat could get special warnings or be bolstered with cooling centers. The Nagpur project has already created a risk and vulnerability map, which enabled Kotharkar to tell officials which neighborhoods to focus on in the event of a heat wave this summer.HAPs shouldn’t just include short-term emergency responses, researchers say, but also recommend medium- to long-term measures that could make communities cooler. In Nagpur, for example, Kotharkar’s team has been able to advise city officials about where to plant trees to provide shade. HAPs could also guide efforts to retrofit homes or tweak building regulations. “Reducing deaths [in an emergency] is good target to have, but it’s the lowest [target],” Singh says.31.According to Paragraph 1,Nagpur's plan proposes measures to ___.32. One problem with existing HAPs is that they _.33. Mumbai's case shows that India's heat alert systems need to _.34.Kotharkar holds that a vulnerability map can help _.35.According to the last paragraph, researchers believe that HAPs should ___.

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