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Passage Five  Mark Twain is one of America’s much-beloved authors, creating imaginative and humorous classics for children and adults alike, such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Prince and The Pauper, and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain passed away in 1910, leaving behind a treasure of great literature. But now, 100 years after his death, he'll have a brand-new book on the shelves : a three-volume autobiography.  Twain hasn't been keeping busy in his tomb: it was his wish that publishers wait until 100 years after his death to publish his memoirs (自传) , which he spent the last decade of his life working on.  The autobiography totals more than 5, 000 pages, and likely wont be all sunshine and roses. It seems that Twain harbored some bitterness against former girlfriends and ex-friends. He also writes negatively about politicians of his day, such as Teddy Roosevelt. It's likely that he requested such a long lead time for the memoirs because he didn't want to hurt the feelings of anyone mentioned in this work.  Although small sections of the memoirs have been previously published, the autobiography has never been available in full, and should provide great insights into the man behind the classic books. The first volume of the set will be available in November, and the trilogy is being published by the University of California, Berkeley.  “There are so many biographies of Twain, and many of them have used bits and pieces of the autobiography.” editor Robert Hirst told The Independent. “But biographers pick and choose what bits to quote. By publishing Twain's book in full, we hope that people will be able to come to their own complete conclusions about what sort of a man he was.”According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is TRUE of Mark Twain?

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Passage Four  At the 1893 Columbian Exposition, a World Fair held in Chicago, chocolate-making machinery made in Germany was displayed. It caught the eye of M.S. Hershey, who saw the potential for chocolate. He installed chocolate machinery in his factory in Lancaster, and produced his first chocolate bars in 1894.  Other Americans began mixing in other materials to make up new candy bars throughout the end of the 1890’s and the early 1900's. But it was World War I that really brought attention to the candy bar.  The U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps requested various American chocolate manufacturers to provide 20 to 40 pound blocks of chocolate to be shipped to quartermaster bases. The blocks were cut into smaller pieces and distributed to American soldiers in Europe. Eventually the task of making smaller pieces was turned back to the manufacturers. By the end of the war when the soldiers arrived the American candy bar business was assured. Why? Because the returning soldiers had fond of chocolate candy and wanted more of the same. As a result. from that time on and through the 1920’s, candy bar manufacturers became established throughout the United States, and as many as 40,000 different candy bars appeared on the scene.  The original candy bar industry had its start on the eastern coast in such cities as Philadelphia Boston, and New York. The industry soon spread to the Midwest because shipping and raw materials such as sugar, corn syrup, and milk were easily available. Chicago became the seat of the candy bar industry and is even today an important base.Why did M.S. Hershey start the production of chocolate bars?

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Passage Three  As recently as three decades ago, many Americans believed that using credit was an unwise and dangerous way to pay for what they bought.Some even thought that owing money to a store or a credit company was something to be ashamed of.Good citizens, they believed, always bought what they wanted with real money and they paid the full price immediately.  Today, however, all that has changed.Credit, as some observers have noted, has become a way of life in the United States.More and more Americans now are depending on those small pieces of plastic, credit cards, to pay for large purchases such as televisions, record players or furniture.Many people today would consider it unusual not to use a credit card to pay for a costly restaurant dinner, a hotel room or an airline trip.And there are some situations in which Americans must have credit cards.If they want the temporary use of a car, for example, they first must give the car rental company the number of their credit card.That number is considered a guarantee that they will return the car and pay for using it.  Credit cards offer two major services to Americans.First of all, they are easier and safer to carry than large amounts of money.Second, they permit people to borrow, to have the immediate pleasure of owning something, even if they do not have enough money to pay for it at the time. With credit cards people pay for goods or services at the end of each month instead of when they buy them.And when the time does come to pay, most credit cards offer people a choice.They can pay all of what they owe for the month or they can just pay usually between 5 and 10 percent of what they owe.What do Americans feel about using credit cards nowadays according to the passage?

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