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With the nation’s financial system teetering （蹒跚）on a cliff, the compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Banker’s excessive risk-taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has contributed to others in the past. In this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back, dividing the loans and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, which took advantage of the same high-tech securitization （证券化）to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes of averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenues, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible levels of risk.

In 1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had（ 1 ）the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge（2） from the dramatic growth of the economies of China and India to widespread（3 ）in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria’s delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have（4）the economic and political map of the world, （5）some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, （6）major importers—including China and India, home to a third of the world’s population—（7）rising economic and social costs. Managing this new order is fast becoming a central （8）of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to（9） scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, （10）how unpleasant, to do it.In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being lost to corruption, （11）these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments,（12）some in the West see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil（13）, a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, （14）costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. （15）it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia（16）128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose（17）higher in the spring of 2008, the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama（18）for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to（19）, as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems（20）the country reported a sharp increase in riders.

As an outstanding scholar, he has become（） to the research team.　　

When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people（） and asks them questions.　　

A national debate is now（） about whether we should replace golden weeks with paid Vacations.　　

Jennifer has never really（） her son’s death. It’s very hard to accept the fact that she’ll never have a child.　　

David likes country life and has decided（） farming.　　

John was very upset because he was（） by the police with breaking the law.　

Information given to employees must be（） , clear and in easy-to-follow language.　　

It is unimaginable for someone in such a high（） in the government to behave so badly in public.　　

The finance minister has not been so（） since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.　　

Working far away from home, Jerry had to（） from downtown to his office everyday.　

Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40people,（） in their village, were rescued.

The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and（） workers.　　

My mother is a light sleeper,（） to any sound even as low as the humming of mosquito.　

I must leave now,（） , if you want that book I’ll bring it you tomorrow .

The eldest son（） all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 50th wedding anniversary of their parents.　　

Since the（） of human history, human beings have been asking questions like "What is the essence of life."　　

I took the medicine 10minutes ago, but the bitterness is still（） in my mouth.

Delegates agree to the plan in（） , but there were some details they didn’t approve. 　　

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