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Information given to employees must be ______, clear and in easy-to-follow language.

It is unimaginable for someone in such a high _____ in the government to behave so badly in public.

The finance minister has not been so _____ since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.

Working far away from home, Jerry had to ______ from downtown to his office every day.

Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40 people, _____ in their village, were rescued.

As an outstanding scholar, he has become ______ to the research team.

The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and _____ workers.

My mother is a light sleeper, _____ to any sound even as low as the humming of mosquito.

I must leave now, ______, if you want that book I’ll bring it you tomorrow.

The eldest son _____ all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 50th wedding anniversary of their parents.

Since the _____ of human history, human beings have been asking questions like “What is the essence of life.”

I took the medicine 10minutes ago, but the bitterness is still _____ in my mouth.

Delegates agree to the plan in_____, but there were some details they didn’t approve.

At first _____, the famous painting doesn’t impress the audience at all.

The poor lady was too _____ and distressed to talk about the tragedy.

Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1. interpret the chart, and2. give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

Directions:Suppose you are organizing an online meeting. Write an email to Jack, an international student.1. invite him to participate, and2. tell him the detailsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)

We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connection, laughter and warmth. While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn’t expect.In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them. On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interaction with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time, however, this belief is false. As it turns out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk—and may even be flattered to receive your attention.

Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (1-5). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.A. Stay calmB. Stay humbleC. Don’t make judgmentsD. Be realistic about the risksE. Decide whether to waitF. Ask permission to disagreeG. Identify a shared goalHow to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than YouYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won’t work. Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic. What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here’s how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.1. ___You may decide it’s best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinking—all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It’s also a good idea to delay the conversation if you’re in a meeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.2. _Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about—it may be “the credibility” of their team or getting a project done on time. You’re more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. When you do speak up, don’t assume the link will be clear. You’ll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you’re seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who’s trying to advance a shared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.3. _This step may sound overly deferential, but it’s a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control. You can say something like, “I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that won’t work. I’d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?” This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in. And, assuming they say yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.4. _You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps calm the other person down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren’t.5. ___Emphasize that you re offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it’s still an opinion, so talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying something like, “If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we’ll never make it,” say, “This is just my opinion, but don’t see how we will make that deadline.” Having asserted your position (as a position, not as a fact) demonstrates equal curiosity about other views. Remind the person that this is your point of view, and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.

We’re fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed “thin slicing”, the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students’ end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had to count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we’re better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. “It’s as if you’re driving a stick shift,” says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University, “and if you start thinking about it too much, you can’t remember what you’re doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you’re fine. Much of our social life is like that.”Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences. College students’ ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts’ opinions when the students weren’t asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex—when they had a lot of information to process.Intuition’s special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech). Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition (“gut feelings,” “hunches,” “my heart”). Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest. Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.1. Nalini Ambaby’s study deals with ___.2. In Ambaby’s study, rating accuracy dropped when participants _.3. Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that _.4. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to ___.5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

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