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The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the nteraction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the US Supreme Court issued a ruling in an ldaho case that provides the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodies of water.This narowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it caries "significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But thats a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it.don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64.000-square-milewatershed that extends into Virginia, Pennsylvania New York,West Virginia.the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett V.EPA?Perhaps some.but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's a reminder that the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the infhuence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Penmsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impacts downstream.And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer them a visit to Black water National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It's worth the scenic drive36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in paragraph I as 37.The U.S.Supreme Cout's ruing in the Idaho case 38.How does'the author fell about future of the chesapeake Bay? 39.What can be inferred about the EPA's involvement in the chesapeake Bay Program? 40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should

Rutkowski is a Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes.He has made illustrations for games such as Sony's Horizon Forbidden West,Ubisoft's Anno,Dungeons&Dragons,and Magic:The Gathering.And he's become a sudden hit in the new world of text-to-image Al generationHis distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion,which was launched late last month.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in"Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,”and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski's style.But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the Internet,often without permission and proper attribution to artists.As a result,they are raising tricky questions about ethics and copyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over 10 million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.Some of the world's most famous artists,such as Michelangelo,Pablo Picasso,and Leonardo da Vinci,brought up around 2,000 prompts each or less.Rutkowski's name also features as a prompt thousands of times in the Discord of another text-to-image generator,Midjourney.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences.Then he tried searching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.The online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn't his."It's been just a month.What about in a year?I probably won't be able to find my work out there because[theinternet]will be flooded withAl art,"Rutkowski says."That's concerning."“There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,”says Ortiz.The group is in its early days of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.31.What can be learned about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?32.The problem with open-source AI art generators is that they 33.After searching online,Rutkowski found 34.According to Ortiz.AI companies are advised to 35.What is the text mainly about?

Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and"baby-wearing,"in which infants are carried in slings,is considered the norm.According to Dr.Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University,these practices,known asalloparenting,could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.Dr.Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into Western life.In Gennany,one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery.The residents help to look after the children,an arrangement akin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years to mirror the supervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.In a paper published in the Joumal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,researchers said that the Western nuclear family was a recent invention that broke with evolutionary history.This abrupt shift to an"intensive mothering narrative,"which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful."Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,"they wrote.By contrast,in hunter-gatherer socicties,adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a childs care.One previous study looked at the people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of 14 all parents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of human evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and matemal depression,which could have a"knock-on"benefit to a childs wellbeing.An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers-this contrasts starkly with nursery settings in the UK where regulation allows for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to threeWhile hunter-gatherer children learn and learn from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that Western"instructive teaching,"where pupils are asked to sit still,may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents"might also enhance their own social development."26.According to the first two paragraph,alloparenting refers to the practice of 27.The scheme in Gemany is mentioned to illustrate 28.According to Paragraph 4,the"intensive mothering narrative", 29.According to paragraph 6,what can we learn about nursery in the UK?30.Which of the following would be the best title?

Nearly 2000 years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawl was rushed,and they didnt want the local Caledoions getting their hands on 10 tons of weapons grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millenia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As Roma A ground explains in her new delightful book nuts and Bolts,early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate.This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after sifing the ashes.The price of nails fell by 90%between the late 1700s and mid 1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haven't changed much21.Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of .22.The example of early 17th-century virginians is used to .23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nail after the late 1700?24.It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nails .25.Which of the following one best summaries the last2 paragraphs?

TherThere's nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. 1 the need to be touched to open or close,automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitl.They 5 as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown,their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world.Particulary 7 in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors 8 crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people's way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them.Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 12 the way for a large,sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each 13 specific signals to tell them when to open 14 these methods differ the main 15 remain the sameEach automatic door system 16 the light,sound weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open.Sensor types are chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in. 18 ,a busy street migle not 19 a motion-sensored door,as it would constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure sensitive mat would be more 20 to limit the surveyed area

对人力资本理论提出质疑，认为教育并不提高人的能力，只是用来区别不同人的能力的手段，这种观点属于()

分析下述案例，并按要求回答问题。吴老师认为，学生学会学习很重要。为此，他在上语文阅读课时总是先用5分钟时间专门给学生介绍各种阅读方法，譬如如何划重点、如何加深理解、如何复习整理所学知识等。然而一个学期过去了，学生的阅读成绩并没有发生显著的变化。

分析下述案例，并按要求回答问题。渔民老张周末从海边钓鱼归来，远远地看见两个年迈的游客在滩涂上拍摄海鸟，不小心陷在泥淖里，不能自拔，身体在慢慢下沉。老张赶到出事地点，却没有马上施救，而是先将游客身边的摄影器材搬走，再返回营救。他试图把游客从泥淖里抱出来，却没有成功。他改从一侧用力拽游客，却见游客稍一挣扎就陷得更深，只好作罢。老张赶紧帮游客卸下背包，减少负重，以减缓下沉速度。老张放好游客的背包，再次赶回出事地点。他张开四肢，直挺挺地趴在泥淖上。女游客用力把双手撑在他背上，才把双腿拔了出来。男游客陷得更深，他使劲拔出右腿，单腿跪在老张的臀部上用力，才从泥淖里拔出了另一条腿。女游客从旁用力一拉，将他拖出泥淖。男游客似乎用尽了力气，腿一软，跪在泥地里。老张迅速爬起来，伸出双手，又犹豫了一下，最终还是没用沾满泥水的双手去搀扶那位虚弱的男游客，免得弄脏其上衣。两位获救的游客两眼发直。老张见他俩平安无事，便微笑着点头告辞。等他俩醒悟过来，老张已不见人影。获救游客通过当地政府找到老张，再三向他表达谢意，感谢他的救命之恩。老张表示：“我不要什么报答。我看这两个人有麻烦，不过是帮他们一下而已。”

阅读下列材料，并按要求回答问题。与没有测验相比，如果参加测验提升了学生的学习质量和最终的考试成绩，就发生了测验效应。研究者已经在不同类型内容的学习、不同年龄的学习者身上观察到这种效应。测验效应意味着学习者在被测试时，某些学习发生了。对于其中的原因，研究者认为是在测验过程中，学习者会回忆、复述相关的知识，并把这些知识与其他知识联系起来；也有研究者认为，在学习过程中的测验为学习者提供了一个熟悉的知识提取情境，这种情境与最终的考试情境相似，因而有利于学习的迁移。

阅读下列材料，并按要求回答问题。教育既有培养创造精神的力量，也有压抑创造精神的力量。教育在这个范围内有它复杂的任务。这些任务有：保持一个人的首创精神和创造力量而不放弃把他放在真实生活中的需要；传递文化而不用现成的模式去压抑他；鼓励他发挥他的天才、能力和个人的表达方式，而不助长他的个人主义；密切注意每一个人的独特性，而不忽视创造也是一种集体活动。（《学会生存——教育世界的今天和明天》）

论述19世纪末至20世纪前期欧美新教育运动和进步教育运动开展的历史背景、基本特征以及局限性。

1922年，北洋政府颁布“壬戌学制”（又称“新学制”）。历史上，人们评价这个学制“精华在中学”。试概括分析“壬戌学制”中等教育段的特点。

为了学习做蛋糕，小红从某美食网上下载了制作蛋糕的规范流程，并按照其中描述的具体步骤一步步尝试着做蛋糕。这在问题解决过程中属于运用

学生学习完长方形面积的计算方法后，回家计算自己睡觉的床的面积，这种迁移属于

根据自我决定理论，教师经常占用学生的自习课时间来安排自己的教学活动，会削弱学生的内在学习动机。因为这种做法不利于满足学生的

教师制作PPT课件时，会把重要的概念用不同的字体或颜色凸显出来。从信息加工学习理论角度看，这种做法能够促进学生的

维果茨基把文化工具分为物质工具和心理工具两类。下列选项中，属于维果茨基所讲的心理工具的是

在欧美现代教育思潮中，强调在教育和教学过程中发挥教师权威的教育思潮是

1918年，美国“中等教育改组委员会”提出了《中等教育的基本原则》的报告，明确表示中学应该是

文艺复兴与宗教改革时期，具有较为完备的组织管理和高水平师资的学校类型是

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